Chalcides chalcides vittatus ( Leuckart, 1828:9 )

Bauer, Aaron M., DeBoer, Jonathan C. & Taylor, Dylan J., 2017, Atlas of the Reptiles of Libya, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64 (8), pp. 155-318 : 228-231

Chalcides chalcides vittatus ( Leuckart, 1828:9)

1828 Seps vittatus Leuckart, Breves Animalium quorundam Maxima ex Parte Marinorum Descriptiones. Augusti Osswaldi, Heidelbergae [Heidelberg], Germany. 24 pp., 1 pl.

NEOTYPE.— MZUF 29898 , designated by Caputo (1993), “environs of Musei (Province of Cagliari, Sardinia),” Italy. Original types (“non solum Europa meridionalis, Italia, Sicilia, Sardinia, Graecia , etc., sed etiam insula Cyprus, Syria, Lybia, Barbaria, etc.”) not located.

Chalcides ocellatus [part], Le Berre 1989:216.

Chalcides chalcides, Schleich, Kästle, and Kabisch 1996:324 .

Chalcides chalcides vittatus, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008:184 .

DISTRIBUTION.— Coastal Tunisia and

Tripolitania, northwestern Libya, as well as

Sardinia, where they are introduced (C. c. vittatus ). The nominate form is found in Italy,

including most of the peninsula as well as Sicily and Elba. (Caputo, 1993; Carranza et al.

2008).

Libyan Records (Map 38): TRIPOLITA-

NIA: TRIPOLI: 45: ZMB 42459; Caputo 1993;

Caputo et al. 1995. MURQUB: 59: NMBAREPT 16695. 71: MCSN 2281.

COMMENTS.— This taxon is exceedingly poorly known in Libya and requires further study to confirm its continued presence there and its actual distributional range. ZMB 42450,

cited by Caputo (1993; Caputo et al. 1995) is an error for ZMB 42459.

IUCN THREAT STATUS.— Least Concern. MAP 38. Distribution of Chalcides chalcides vittatus in Libya.

Chalcides ocellatus ( Forskål, 1775:13) (FIG. 28)

1775 Lacerta ocellata Forskål, Descriptiones animalium, avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere Orientali observavit Petrus Forskål. Mölleri, Hauniae [Copenhagen], xxxiv + 164 pp. TYPE (S).— Not located fide Šmíd et al. (2014), “In AEgypto ad aedes.”

Chalcides ocellatus [part], Le Berre 1989:216.

Chalcides ocellatus ocellatus, Schleich, Kästle, and Kabisch 1996:337 .

Chalcides ocellatus ocellatus, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008:186 .

Chalcides ocellatus, Trape, Trape, and Chirio 2012:344 .

DISTRIBUTION.— Extremely widespread in North Africa from Western Sahara and Morocco south of the Atlas Mountains east across the continent to Egypt, also in Somalia and with scattered localities in the Ahaggar (Hoggar) of Algeria and the Aïr Mountains of Niger. Outside of Africa, they are found through the Middle East ( Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and across much of the Arabian Peninsula), and at scattered localities in Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Pakistan and on Cyprus, Sardinia, Sicily and many of the islands of the Tyrrhenian and Aegean Seas as well as parts of mainland Greece. A population has become established at Naples on the Italian mainland and the populations from coastal Iran and Pakistan, as well as from the Koper Mountains of Turkmenistan may also be introduced (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). The species has also been introduced locally in Arizona, USA ( Gunn et al. 2012) and in Sri Lanka ( Karunarathna et al. 2008).

Its Libyan distribution includes most of the country although in desert areas it is restricted chiefly to oases.

Libyan Records (Map 39): TRIPOLITA-

NIA: NUQAT AL KHAMS: 2: MCSN 2286.

ZAWIYAH: 11: CUP R 053 ; MZUF 856 ; Frynta et al. 2000; Sindaco pers. comm. 4/27/2008.

12: ZMB 74200–01. 22: MCSN 2403, 2454;

MZUF 9469. JAFARA: 26: Andreucci 1913; FIGURE 28. Chalcides ocellatus from Dujal, Murzuq, Fez- Zavattari 1934. 29: ZMB 80962. TRIPOLI: 36: zan, Libya. Photo © Adel Ibrahim.

BMNH 1954.1.7. 18–19. 37 : MZUF 1048 ,

9045–46. 38: USNM 148486; Sayers 1964. 39:

UMNH 4243. 41: BMNH 1955.1.8. 69. 42:

MZUT R1914. 43: 2279. 45: BMNH xvii.3.c,

xvii.3.q, 1958.1.3. 71, 1965.1133–35; MCSN

2186, 2272, 2277, 2294, 2311; MZUF 9487–

89, 32953–54; MZUT R1939; NHMW 10445;

SMF 15955, 15957; ZMB 15310, 15313–15,

17187, 75890, 75892, 75895, 75920; Gray

1845; Boulenger 1887, 1891; Condorelli-Francaviglia 1896; Rizzardi 1896; Werner 1909;

Andreucci 1913; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1934.

56: MZUF 9470–73. MURQUB: 59: NHMB

16694 ( Greenbaum et al. 2006). 60: ZMB

17997–98; Peters 1880, 1881; Werner 1909;

Andreucci 1913; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1934.

64: ZMB 18000–01, 75906–08. 66: Sindaco,

pers. obs. 4/29/2008. 68: BMNH MAP 39. Distribution of Chalcides ocellatus in Libya. 1913.12.30. 15; MSNG 51286; Boulenger 1914. 69: Andreucci 1913; Zavattari 1934. MISRATAH: 73: ZSM 25/1968. 77: Zavattari 1929. 80: BMNH 1913.12.30. 13–14; 1965.1192–93; Boulenger 1914; Zavattari 1934. NALUT: 105: MNHN 2004.0084; Ibrahim and Ineich 2005. 112: NHMC 80.3.80.757; Kornilios et al. 2010. 121: MZUF 39092–94. 127: Sindaco, pers. obs. 4/1/2008. JABAL AL GHARBI: 145: NHMC 80.3.80.1021. 146: NHMC 80.3.80.1020. 151: NHMC 80.3.80.980–981; Kornilios et al. 2010. 152: ZCT 2005.42; Ibrahim 2008a. 154: MZUF 9007; MZUT R1918; ZSM 492/1979, 675/1979; Werner 1909; Andreucci 1913; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1934. 156: Sayers 1964. SIRTE: 181: NHMC 80.3.80.982; Kornilios et al. 2010. “ Wadi Nefed ” [unlocated]: BMNH 1901.10.28. 8. “ Tripolitania settentrionale ”: Zavattari 1937. “ Beni Ulid and Tarhuna Road ”: BMNH 1955.1.8. 67–68; “ Sirtica ”: Zavattari 1937. FEZZAN: WADI AL SHATII: 192: NHMW 25551. 210: MCSN 2202; Essghaier et al. 2015. JUFRA: 213: BMNH 1954.1.7. 17. GHAT: 249: MCSN 2282, 2284, 2303, 2317, 4461. SABHA: 281: ZCT 2006.62; Ibrahim 2008a. 286: Essghaier et al. 2015. MURZUQ: 297: ZCT 2005.45; Ibrahim 2008a. 298: Essghaier et al. 2015. 303: ZCT 2005.43, 2006.23; Ibrahim 2008a. 311: ZCT 2006.67; Ibrahim 2008a. 316: MZUT R3244. CYRENAICA: BENGHAZI: 357: BMNH 1945.11.9. 7, 1947.1.5. 6–7; FMNH 214964; Resetar 1981; MDTK 17229; SMF 34460–62, 34464, 34488–95, 35552, 37264, 37671; Cornalia in Haimann 1882, 1886; von Martens 1883; Werner 1909; Andreucci 1913; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Calabresi 1923; Umani 1923; Greenbaum et al. 2006. 361: Ghigi 1920; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930. 366: NHMC 80.3.80.978–979; Kornilios et al. 2010. 367: MZUF

32958–69; MZUT R1942; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930. 376: BMNH 1965.1191. MARJ: 385: BMNH 1965.1190; MCSN 2192–93, 2204, 2322; SMF 58325; Ghigi 1920; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934, 1937; Schleich 1987; Greenbaum et al. 2006. 388: NHMC 80.3.80.976–977; Kornilios et al. 2010. 389: MZUT R1937; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Calabresi 1923; Frynta et al. 2000. 398: NHMC 80.3.80.41, 80.3.80.43; Kornilios et al. 2010. 403: NHMC 80.3.80.37–38; Kornilios et al. 2010. 408: MZUT R1917; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930. 457ai: Schleich 1987. 457b: Schleich 1987. 457v: Schleich 1987. JABAL AL AKHDAR: 416: NHMC 80.3.80.33–35; Kornilios et al. 2010. 417: MCSN 2468; SMF 34463; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Calabresi 1923; Frynta et al. 2000. 419: FMNH 214963; Resetar 1981. 420: NHMC 80.3.80.32, 80.3.80.722–723. 421: Vinciguerra 1927; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934; Gestro and Vinciguerra 1931. 428: ZSM 125/1983[5 specimens]; Schleich 1987. 432: FMNH 214961; Resetar 1981. 434: FMNH 83060, 214962; Resetar 1981. 436: NHMC 80.3.80.36; Kornilios et al. 2010. 440: FMNH 214960; Resetar 1981. 452: Ghigi 1920; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. 457: FMNH 83059; KNP 1981/172–173, 194–195, 242, 255, 257, 286, 362, 365, 405, 411, 424– 427, 433–444, 454, 481, 491, 495, 499; SMNS 1094; ZSM 458–62/1997; Schleich 1987. 457at: Schleich 1987. 457au: Schleich 1987. 457av: Schleich 1987. 457aw: Schleich 1987. 457ay: Schleich 1987. 457ba: Schleich 1987. 457bb: Schleich 1987. 457bc: Schleich 1987. 457be: Schleich 1987. 457bi: Schleich 1987. 457bj: Schleich 1987. 457bq: Schleich 1987. 457bt: Schleich 1987. 457ch: Schleich 1987. 457cs: Schleich 1987. 457cu: Schleich 1987. 457l: Schleich 1987. DARNAH: 458: NHMC 80.3.80.40. 460: NHMC 80.3.80.39; Kornilios et al. 2010. 462: Zavattari 1929, 1930. 463: Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. 465: MZUT R1913; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. 243c: Calabresi 1923. 466: MZUT R1920, R1933; SMF 34473; NHMW 10444; Werner 1909; Andreucci 1913; Ghigi 1913, 1920; Calabresi 1923; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934; Greenbaum et al. 2006. 467: Zavattari 1929, 1930. 472: NHMC 80.3.80.42; Kornilios et al. 2010. 475: SMNS 1083. 477: NHMC 80.3.80.44–47; Kornilios et al. 2010. BUTNAN: 490: NHMC 80.3.80.48; Kornilios et al. 2010; SMF 54085; ZMB 62938; Zavattari 1922, 1929, 1930, 1934; Calabresi 1923; Vinciguerra 1927; Gestro and Vinciguerra 1931. 493: NHMC 80.3.80.49. 494: ZSM 124/1983. 504: Vinciguerra 1927; Zavattari 1929, 1930; Gestro and Vinciguerra 1931. 505: Vinciguerra 1927; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934; Gestro and Vinciguerra 1931. 517: Zavattari 1929, 1930. AL WAHAT: 544: BMNH 1965.1189; SMF 58326; Vinciguerra 1931; Zavattari 1934; Greenbaum et al. 2006. 553: MCSN 2184, Zavattari 1934, 1937. 562: ZMB 17999; Peters 1880, 1881; Werner 1909; Andreucci 1913; Ghigi 1913; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1934. 564: BMNH 1932.3.6. 15; MCSN 2195; Zavattari 1929, 1930, 1937; Vinciguerra 1931. KUFRAH: 568: Zavattari 1937. 571: MZUF 861; Scortecci 1935c. 573: Vinciguerra 1931; Zavattari 1934, 1937. 575: BMNH 1932.3.6. 13–14; Vinciguerra 1931. 575a: Vinciguerra 1931. “ Cyrenaica ”: BMNH 1954.1.7. 20– 24; ZMB 10500, 74194. “ Marmarica ”: Zavattari 1937. “ Nordost-Libyen ”: ZMB 62931–37, 62948–54. LIBYA: ZMB 18002. “ deserto di Sahara ”: Rizzardi 1896.

COMMENTS.— Greenbaum et al. (2006) revalidated many sub-Saharan African congeners, in addition to synonymizing the central Saharan C. ragazzii Boulenger 1890 with C. o. ocellatus (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008) . Schleich et al. (1996) and Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008) recognized five subspecies, with only the nominate form in Libya. The nominate form occupies nearly all of the species’ range except portions of northeast Morocco and northwest Algeria (C. o. subtypicus Werner, 1931), Mediterranean areas of North Africa from northeast Morocco to Tunisia as well as Sicily and Sardinia (C. o. tiligugu ( Gmelin, 1789)), and Lampedusa and Lampione Islands (C. o. zavattarii Lanza, 1954) and Linosa Island (C. o. linosae Boulenger, 1920). Kornilos et al. (2010) found members of three different lineages in Libya, one in northwestern Tripolitania shared with most of Tunisia, Sardinia, Sicily and Malta, one occupying the north of Tripolitania to the western Gulf of Sirte, and one in Cyrenaica that also occurs in Egypt, the Levant, southern Turkey and portions of mainland and insular Greece. This implies that C. o. tiligugu, if valid, may be present in Libya, in addition to the nominate form. North African members of the C. ocellatus group are under study by S. Baha El Din (pers. comm.) and further taxonomic changes may be anticipated.

IUCN THREAT STATUS.— Not assessed, but assumed to be Least Concern.