Stichodactyla haddoni ( Dunn, 1981 )
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.3906/zoo-1403-50 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/656E878E-CE52-BF6C-FCF5-FBEAFE4CFDE1 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Stichodactyla haddoni ( Dunn, 1981 ) |
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Stichodactyla haddoni ( Dunn, 1981) View in CoL
Common name: Haddon’s anemone.
Material examined: CHIAS 1, Stichodactyla haddoni , intertidal zone of Tiss coast, after Tiss Fishing Port, 2012; CHIAS 2, Stichodactyla haddoni , intertidal zone of Tiss Beach Resorts, 2012; CHIAS 4, Stichodactyla haddoni, Tiss coast, 2013; CHIAS 8, Stichodactyla haddoni , intertidal zone of Tiss Beach Resorts, 2013.
Distribution: From Japan to Australia, Indian Ocean to New Caledonia, Red Sea ( Dunn, 1981; Fautin and Allen, 1992; Fautin et al., 2007), and Singapore ( Fautin et al., 2009); this is the first record of this species for the southeastern coast of Iran.
Habitat: Solitary in sandy flat substrata and between coral rubbles.
Size: Average size of oral disc 250–400 mm when expanded.
Remarks: Undulating oral disc wider than pedal disc, various coloration patterns, 2 distinct types of sticky tentacles: white pointed long ones at the edge of the oral disc (exocoelic tentacles) and shorter tentacles on the entire parts of oral disc with equal length. The rows of nonadhesive verrucae are arranged along the entire length of column.
This species lives attached firmly to the substrate by its strong pedal disc, with the column buried in the sandy substrate, but can bury the entire body in the sand when it is stimulated. The oral disc has many short tentacles with sticky tips. The tentacles are not all alike, and their density is lower near the mouth. About 12 mm around the mouth is devoid of tentacles. At the undulating edge of the oral disc, there are short pointed white tentacles emerging in a radial alignment. Each of these tentacles alternates with many rows of small spherical tentacles. These internal tentacles with same length are located between the white ones. They are endocoelic tentacles. The marginal white tentacles are called exocoelic tentacles, the approximate measured lengths of which were 5 mm. There are nonadhesive verrucae on the entire length of the yellow or cream to light green column ( Figure 2A View Figure 2 ). This species is seen in various colorations ( Figures 2A–2D View Figure 2 ). The coloration of endocoelic tentacles on the oral disc can be cream and light or dark brown with white streaks. The mouth is orange and pedal disc is light brown to cream ( Figure 2A View Figure 2 ). The other specimen is a blend of different colors: dark brown and green and purple in some parts, mouth is red and pedal disc is white to yellow or light brown ( Figure 2B View Figure 2 ). This species is seen with other colorations, too. It can be green, opaque green, or green brown with light green or white streaks at the margin of oral disc. Sometimes it is completely amethystine to brown. It has been seen to associate with anemone shrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis Schenkel, 1902 in this zone ( Figure 2D View Figure 2 ).
Stichodactyla tapetum (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1834)
Synonym section: Homactis rupicola (Verrill, 1879)
Discosoma amboinensis (Kwietniewski, 1898)
Stoichactis tapetum (Carlgren, 1900)
Stoichactis australis (Lager, 1911)
Stoichactis rupicola (Carlgren, 1949)
Common name: Mini carpet anemone.
Material examined: CHIAS 9, Stichodactyla tapetum , intertidal zone of Tiss coast, Tiss Fishing Port, 2012.
Distribution: From Japan to Australia, Indian Ocean to New Caledonia and Red Sea ( Dunn, 1981; Fautin and Allen, 1992; Fautin, 2008), and Singapore ( Fautin et al., 2009); this is the first record for the southeastern coast of Iran.
Habitat: Solitary (not clonal) and on rocks.
Size: The average diameter of the oral disc is approximately 80–100 mm ( Figures 3A and 3B View Figure 3 ).
Remarks: This is the smallest species of the genus Stichodactyla ; it is not clonal, flat oral disc, expanded oral disc broader than the pedal disc, very short similar tightly packed corn kernel-like tentacles at entire part of oral disc from mouth to margin, coloration of tentacles on oral disc brown or cream with opaque pink tips with light and dark brown radial strips; not very strong pedal disc, not firmly attached to rocky substrates, no verrucae on column; pedal disc and column red to dark pink with narrow white strips ( Figure 3A View Figure 3 ); host for no anemonefish.
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