Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) bellatrix ( Tschitscherine , 1895)

Yin, Wen-Qi, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2021, Revision of the Chinese species of subgenus Koreonialoe (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichus), with descriptions of two new species, ZooKeys 1063, pp. 1-21 : 1

4. Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) bellatrix ( Tschitscherine, 1895)

Figs 6 , 12 , 18 , 27 , 28 , 32

Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) bellatrix Tschitschérine, 1895: 169 (Syntypes deposited in Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of sciences, St Petersburg, Russia; type locality: North Korea, sg. Pterostichus Feronia ); Jedlička 1962: 271 (misspelled as P. bellator , sg. Pterostichus Lianoe ); Kwon and Lee 1986: 28 (misspelled as P. bellator , sg. Pterostichus Nialoe ); Park and Kwon 1996: 96 (misspelled as P. bellator ); Sasakawa 2005a: 1209 (misspelled as P. bellator ); Sasakawa et al. 2013: 430; Park and Park 2013: 66. New record from China

Pterostichus klickai Jedlička, 1931: 104. (Holotype deposited in Narodni Muzeum Prirodovedecke Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic, Type locality: Seishin, Korea); Cho 1957: 194; Jedlička 1962: 272 (sg. Pterostichus Lianoe ); Kwon and Lee 1986: 28; Nemoto 1988: 40; Bousquet 2003: 497 (synonymized with P. bellatrix ).

Material examined.

(6 males and 1 female): 1 male, " China Jilin province, Baishan City, Changbai County, E of Changsongling tunnel; Mixed forest , 41.7398N, 128.0221, 1330m "; " pitfall trap; 2019.VIII.9, Shi HL & Liu YZ lgt." ; 4 males and 1 female, " China Jilin province, Baishan City, Fusong county , W of Changsongling tunnel; mixed forest, 41.7798N, 127.9400E, 1577m "; " pitfall trap, 2019.VIII.9, Shi HL & Liu YZ lgt." ; 1 male, " Jilin province, Changbai Mountain Hot Spring, 1982.VII.13, Liao Suyi lgt." .

Diagnosis.

Dorsal surface nearly black; fifth tarsomere without ventral seta. Median lobe of aedeagus stout, ventral margin strongly tumid forming a conspicuous cuneate tubercle anterior to middle. Endophallus directed basal-ventrally, gonopore opened to the ventral-basal direction of aedeagus; three lobes present: la and lp similar in size, la a little hooked apically, ra faintly defined.

Comparison.

P. bellatrix is similar to P. syleus and P. tetralobatus in their external features, but can be distinguished from the latter two species by the more conspicuous ventral tubercle on male genitalia. Another species, P. woongbii from South Korea, also has a conspicuous ventral tubercle on male genitalia, but is quite different from P. bellatrix in the ventral tubercle located near base of median lobe, and endophallus short and straight.

From the external features, P. bellatrix can be distinguished from P. micropoides sp. nov. and P. syleus for its larger size (BL 19.7-21.2 mm versus 13.7-19.7 mm in other two species) and dorsally nearly black (versus dark reddish brown in other two species). But, the females of P. bellatrix are completely identical to that of P. tetralobatus sp. nov. They can be determined only by the allopatric distributions (Fig. 32 ).

Description.

BL 19.7-21.2 mm, BW 6.3-6.6 mm. Body form robust, dorsally dark brown, nearly black, elytra opaque, without metallic luster. Head large, widest at temporae; frons smooth; frontal grooves shallow; temporae strongly swollen, a little shorter than eyes; eyes small and hemispherical; terminal segment of labial palpus fusiform. Pronotum strongly cordate, disc evenly and densely covered with fine punctures, area anterior to sub-anterior transversal sulci well punctate; PW/HW = 1.23-1.27, PW/PL = 1.53-1.56, widest near anterior third; anterior margin a little wider than posterior margin, PAW/PBW = 1.16-1.18. Lateral margins slightly arched from anterior angles to the middle, strongly sinuate and then nearly straight before posterior angles; posterior angles rectangular; mid-lateral setae present at anterior fifth of lateral margins; lateral expansions equal width anteriorly and posteriorly. Basal foveae with inner and outer grooves faintly defined and partly fused, forming deep depression between them, outer groove slightly shorter than inner one; middle area between two basal foveae longitudinal rugose. Elytra oblong, shoulders widely rounded; basal ridge and lateral margin forming an obtuse angle; elytra 1.53-1.56 times longer than wide. Usually three discal pores present on third interval, all adjoining the second stria; the first one before middle, position of the second one variable, the last one at apical sixth to eighth. Umbilicate series on ninth interval continuous, sparse at middle. Ventral side: metepisternum nearly smooth; sternite VII of males without secondary sexual modification. Fifth tarsomere without ventral seta. Male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus stout, gradually curved at basal third, apical portion gradually deflected ventrally; ventral surface strongly tumid near middle, forming a conspicuous cuneate tubercle a little anterior to the middle (Fig. 12 ); apical lamella short and wide, apex rounded, not oblique to the left in dorsal view (Fig. 18 ). Endophallus (Fig. 27 ) long, directed basal-ventrally, gonopore opened to the ventral-basal direction of aedeagus; three endophallic lobes recognized, all placed near gonopore: left apical lobe (la) oblate, apex slightly hooked, forming an oblique upper surface; left preapical lobe (lp) similar size as la, apex rounded, well separate from la; right apical lobe (ra) faintly defined, nearly spherical. Female genitalia typical in this subgenus.

Distribution.

This species is widespread from the southeastern part of Jilin province to South Korea, along the eastern mountains in the Korean Peninsula. (Fig. 36 , yellow, distributions in South Korea not shown)

Figures

Figure 36. Confirmed distribution of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. in China: Green: P. micropoides sp. nov.; Red: P. tetralobatus sp. nov.; Yellow: P. bellatrix Tschitscherine; Blue: P. syleus Kirschenhofer.

Figures 1 - 6. Habitus of Pterostichus (Pterostichus Koreonialoe) spp. from China 1 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype. 2 P. micropoides sp. nov., male, Paratype from Hunchun city, Jilin 3 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 4 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a female from Zhuanghe city, Liaoning 5 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 6 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 7 - 12. Male genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, left lateral view of median lobe of aedeagus 7 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype 8 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Changbai county, Jilin 9 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 10 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 11 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 12 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 13 - 18. Male genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, dorsal view of median lobe of aedeagus 13 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype 14 P. micropoides sp. nov. Paratype from Changbai county 15 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 16 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 17 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Paratype from Laopingding, Liaoning 18 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 22 - 27. Endophallus of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, left lateral view and right lateral view 22 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Antu city, Jilin 23 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Changbaishan mt., Jilin 24 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 25 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 26 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 27 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 28 - 35. Female genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, Figs 28 - 31 ventral view and inner lateral view of ovipositor. Figs 32 - 35 female reproductive system. 28, 32 P. tetralobatus, Paratype from Laopingding, Liaoning 29, 33 P. syleus, a female from Baishilazi, Liaoning 30, 34 P. micropoides, female, Paratype from Antu county, Jilin 31, 35 P. bellatrix, a female from Fusong county, Jilin. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: g 1: gonocoxite I; g 2: gonocoxite II; es: ensiform setae; ns, nematiform setae; bc: bursa copulatrix; co: common oviduct; sc: seminal canal; rc: receptaculum; spc: spermathecal canal.