Siphonostylis Wern.Schulze, Oesterr. Bot. Z.

Crespo, Manuel B., Martínez-Azorín, Mario & Mavrodiev, Evgeny V., 2015, Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘ Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data, Phytotaxa 232 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

25. Siphonostylis Wern.Schulze, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 112: 331 (1965) [≡ Iris subg. Siphonostylis (Wern.Schulze) C.A.Wilson , Taxon 60: 33 (2011)]. Type:— S. unguicularis (Poir.) Wern.Schulze [≡ Iris unguicularis Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 86 (1789)]

Description:—Rhizomatous herbs, with persistent aerial structures. Rhizome stout, branched, clothed with dark remains of leaves; roots fibrous, wiry, somewhat fleshy. Stems hypogeal, inconspicuous, simple, solid, rounded in cross section, elongating in fruit. Leaves isobilateral, equitant, ensiform to linear, with prominent ribs and margins, not fetid. Flowers 1–2, terminal, subsessile. Spathe valves 2, scarious or herbaceous, ± keeled. Perigone in 2 rows, differing in size and shape, fused in a very long, scapiform tube; falls erect-patent, obovate-cuneate to subpanduriform, reflexed in the upper part, gradually tapering into a short claw, smooth, with nectar drops at the base; standards erect to erect-patent, oblong to oblong-spatulate, about equalling the length of falls, narrowed into a long haft. Stamen filaments fused into a tube, adnate to the fall bases. Ovary trilocular, with axile placentation. Style filiform, with 3 petaloid branches, bearing yellow glands on the upper surface, about half longer than falls, each one concealing a stamen; crests long, straight, triangular-lanceolate; stigma triangular to linguiform, with crenate margin. Capsule oblong to ellipsoid, subtrigonous, dehiscing from apex to about middle, not hidden into spathes, shortly beaked; pericarp coriaceous. Seeds numerous, globose to angulose, without aril; testa surface wrinkled, covered with glistening sessile glands. p = 8 or 10. Figs. 2I , 3A , 6T , 7A .

66 • Phytotaxa 232 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

CRESPO ET AL.

It includes 4 species, occurring in the central and eastern parts of the Mediterranean basin, to the southern shore of the Black Sea ( Fig. 8A ).

Needed new combinations:— Siphonostylis carica (Wern.Schulze) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Siphonostylis cretensis subsp. carica Wern.Schulze, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 112: 338 (1965) [ Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Wern.Schulze) A.P.Davis & Jury, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 295 (1990)]. Siphonostylis carica var. angustifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris stylosa var. angustifolia Boiss. & Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(13): 15 (1853) [ Iris unguicularis var. angustifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) A.P.Davis & Jury, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 296 (1990)]. Siphonostylis carica var. syriaca (Wern.Schulze) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Siphonostylis cretensis subsp. syriaca Wern.Schulze, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 112: 339 (1965) [ Iris unguicularis var. syriaca (Wern.Schulze) A.P.Davis & Jury, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 297 (1990)].

Typification of other generic names

Neubeckia Alef., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 297 (1863). Type (lectotype here designated): — N. scorpioides (Desf.) Alef., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 297 (1863) [≡ Iris scorpioides Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 40, t. 6 (1798). = Juno planifolia (Mill.) Asch., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 22: 114 (1864)].

Note: — In the protologue, Alefeld (1863) included eight species apparently only sharing long perigone tubes, but strongly differing in many vegetative and floral traits. According to recent classifications, they fall into several subgenera, sections and series of Iris s.l. ( Mathew 1989b), or into seven of the genera here accepted (namely, Juno , Siphonostylis , Phaeiris , Lophiris , Iridodictyum , Cryptobasis and Chamaeiris ). However, Alefeld included two species of Juno , J. planifolia ( Miller 1768: without pagination) Ascherson (1864: 114) and J. caucasica ( Hoffmann 1808: 40) Kotschy in Ascherson (1864: 114), and he explicitly mentioned that the fruit characteristics in the generic description were taken only from J. planifolia [= Neubeckia scorpioides ( Desfontaines 1798: 40) Alefeld 1863: 297 ]. Therefore, to avoid further threats to any of those genera, we typify here Neubeckia on the basis of J. planifolia , a solution which perhaps fits more properly Alefeld’s original concept of that genus.

Identification key to the genera

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Figures

FIGURE 2. External morphology of rootstock (bulbs, rhizomes and roots). A) Iridodictyum reticulatum, bulb with reticulate outer tunics (photo: Ken Walker); B) Xiphion heracleanum, bulb with membranous outer tunics and stem bulbil (photo: Manuel B. Crespo); C) Juno narbutii, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); D) Juno rosenbachiana, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); E) Limniris pseudacorus, rhizome with swollen annulate annual growths (photo: G.–U. Tolkiehn); F) Hermodactylus tuberosus, rhizome with pseudodigitate tubercles (photo: Attilio Marzorati); G) Junopsis barbatula, fleshy tuberous roots surrounding the inconspicuous central rhizome (photo: Ken Walker); H) Phaeiris hexagona, rhizome with fibrous remains of old leaves on scars, and fibrosus roots (photo: Ken Walker); I) Siphonostylis lazica, rhizome dichotomously branched and fibrous roots (photo: Ken Walker); J) Zhaoanthus odaesanensis, slender stoloniferous rhizomes with long, thin roots bearing nodules (photo: Christy Hensler); K) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, heterogeneous rhizome with cord-like branches (photo: Ken Walker); L) Cryptobasis bungei, short rizhomes with reddish-brown remains of leaf sheaths forming an apical neck-like structure (MO s.n.).

FIGURE 3. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches in most cases, sometimes with spathe bracts. A) Siphonostylis lazica (photo: Ken Walker); B) Gattenhofia verna (photo: Jim McCormac); C) Pardanthopsis dichotoma (photo: Christy Hensler); D) Belamcanda chinensis, with all tepals subequal and also with fruits (photo: Tom Murphy); E) Iris germanica (photo: Ken Walker); F) Iris acutiloba (photo: Aleksandr Ivanov); G) Iris tigridia (photo: Vladimir Y. Arkhipov); H) Iris bloudowii (photo: Vesa Muurinen); I) Juno planifolia (photo: Mario Martínez-Azorín); J) Evansia japonica (photo: Ken Walker); K) Tectiris tectorum (photo: Ken Walker); L) Junopsis decora (photo: Ken Walker).

FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURE 7. Habit and floral details. A) Siphonostylis cretensis (Baker 1878: t. 6343); B) Gattenhofia verna (Small 1931: t. 520); C) Pardanthopsis dichotoma (Baker 1879: t. 6428); D) Belamcanda chinensis (Curtis 1791: t. 171).

FIGURE 8. Approximate distribution areas: A) Siphonostylis (yellow); B) Gattenhofia (red).