Dihammaphora Chevrolat, 1859

Napp, Dilma Solange & Mermudes, José Ricardo M., 2010, Revision of the genus Dihammaphora Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). I. Species with 11 - segmented antennae, Journal of Natural History 44 (13 - 14), pp. 869-889 : 870-873

Dihammaphora Chevrolat, 1859

Dihammaphora Chevrolat, 1859: 50 ; Monné, 2005: 518 (catalogue); Monné and Bezark, 2008: 137 (checklist).

Dihammophora ; Bates, 1870: 403.

Diammatophora ; Gemminger and Harold, 1872: 2947 (catalogue).

Dihammatophora ; Bruch: 1912: 201.

Type species. Dihammaphora marginicollis Chevrolat, 1859 , designated by Thomson (1864).

Redescription

Form small, slender. Integument opaque. Frons declivous, plane, broader than long. Antennal tubercles barely prominent, almost rounded. Vertex shallowly reticulate, subglabrous. Eyes deeply emarginated; lower lobes large, moderately prominent; upper lobes narrow, widely separated. Genae short, about one-third as long as lower lobe of eyes, rounded at apex. Clypeus about half as long as frons; clypeal suture rounded (inconspicuous in some species). Mandibles slender, regularly rounded, acute at apex, fine, densely rugose-punctate. Apical segment of maxillary palps, cylindrical attenuate at base and apex, as long as basal segment; segments 2, 3 conical, subequal. Galea almost as long as maxillary palp, strongly expanded at obliquely truncated apex. Apical segment of labial palps similar to those of maxillary palps, a little longer than the two preceding combined.

Antennae 11-segmented, subserrate or subcylindrical, not carinate, unarmed, shorter than body in both sexes. With few exceptions: scape robust, subcylindrical, enlarged apically, neither sulcate nor impressed at base; densely rugose-punctate, pubescence more often obsolete; segments 3–5 opaque, very sparsely pubescent, densely reticulate-punctuate, the punctures somewhat coalescent forming longitudinal, irregular rugae; scape longer than segment 3, pedicel half as long as segment 3, segments 3–5 subequal, slightly increasing in length, 6 subequal to 5, segments from 7 variable in length and shape.

Prothorax cylindrical, about 1.5 times as long as broad, subparallel at sides, base as wide as middle, barely narrower at apex. Pronotum and sides of prothorax opaque, at most shallowly reticulate. Pronotum with a gibbosity on each side near base. Prosternum subopaque; more often impunctate, glabrous, without sexual punctuation in males. Prosternal process narrow between procoxae, expanded at apex, clothed by whitish pubescence. Procoxal cavities small, rounded, closed behind. Mesosternum somewhat swollen. Mesosternal process plane, about 1.3 times as broad as mesocoxa, shallowly emarginated at apex strongly connected to apical projection of metasternum. Mesocoxal cavities closed to epimera.

Scutellum small, triangular, strongly opaque, clothed by pubescence. Elytra somewhat expanded behind middle, apical third as wide or slightly wider than base, then roundly attenuate to apex. Disk flattened, more so at base. Surface strongly opaque, coarsely, deeply punctuated throughout, the punctures seriate or not. With a lateral costa, from humeri almost to apex, above vertical epipleura which are deeply impressed, with a row of coarse, subcontiguous, deep punctures, except at base and apex. Margins asperate (except D. nitidicollis ), each asperity with a whitish, short hair. Humeri somewhat projected, embracing the base of prothorax.

Legs slender. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded, not prominent. Femora pedunculate, abruptly clavate at apical third, rounded at apex; peduncles cylindrical, sulcate, with whitish pubescence more conspicuous at base; clubs almost smooth, sparsely whitish pubescent. Metafemora surpassing elytral apices, at most, by half the length of club. Tibiae neither carinate nor sulcate, with sparse, whitish setae. Tibial spurs somewhat elongate, inner longest. First segment of metatarsi as long as or longer than the following two combined.

Mesosternum, metasternum and urosternites densely clothed with whitish pubescence, sometimes with olivaceous tinge, obscuring integument. Abdomen somewhat oval. First urosternite as long as the following two combined; intercoxal projection somewhat broad, rounded at apex. Urosternites 2–4 strongly transverse; urosternite 5, in both sexes, gradually attenuate to rounded apex.

Remarks

Dihammaphora is similar to Timabiara Napp and Mermudes, 2001 and is differentiated by: (1) males without a hook-like projection on protrochanters and foretibiae not projected at inner apex; (2) legs slender; femoral peduncles cylindrical, shallowly sulcate; clubs not particularly enlarged; tibiae cylindrical, not sulcate; (3) frons neither impressed nor angulate between antennal tubercles that are rounded and far from each other. In Timabiara , males have a hook-like projection on the protrochanters and an inner apical projection on foretibiae ( Napp and Mermudes 2001: 65, figs 1, 2); legs are strong, with peduncles of femora deeply sulcate and bicarinate, and clubs conspicuously enlarged; mid and hind tibiae somewhat quadrangular, impressed on four sides, and sulcate along inner, outer and dorsal sides.

Key to species of Dihammaphora with 11 antennal segments

1. Inner side of each procoxa with a small unciform projection with apex turned down and inwards ( Figure1B,C ). Anterior margin of prosternum with a small median projection ( Figure 1B )......................... 2 Procoxae without such projection. Anterior margin of prosternum not projected........................................................ 3

2. Entirely black ( Figure 1A ). Brazil (São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Alto Parana)................................ D. falsa sp. nov. Prothorax reddish. Pronotum with a black area enlarged from apex to base where it almost reaches the sides of prothorax ( Figure 1D ). Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo).............................. D. uncinata sp. nov.

3. Prothorax reddish with a transversal black band at base ( Figure 1E ). Brazil (Goiás).................................. D. scutata Gounelle, 1911 Prothorax entirely orangish or reddish............................. 4

4. Head and prothorax orangish, concolorous, clothed by golden-yellowish pubescence, denser on head. Forelegs light brown or orangish.......... 5 Head black with whitish pubescence. Prothorax reddish, glabrous. Forelegs black........................................................ 6

5. Elytra not or barely impressed at base, without dorsal costae; dark-brown with whitish, sparse pubescence. Pronotum with sparse, yellowish pubescence evenly distributed ( Figure 1F ). Brazil (Minas Gerais), Bolivia........................................... D. gracicollis Chevrolat, 1859 Elytra conspicuously depressed; dorsal costae prominent from base almost to apex; yellowish-brown, densely clothed by silky, olivaceous pubescence obscuring integument. Pronotum with a vitta of golden-yellowish pubescence on each side ( Figure 1G ). Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo)............................................. D. brasileira sp. nov.

6. Dorsal costae of elytra attaining, at most, the middle................. 7 Dorsal costae of elytra prominent from base almost to apex............ 8

7. Elytra with whitish pubescence and three rows of seriate punctures at median third; outer margins strongly asperate, the asperities far from each other. Metatibiae sinuate. Clypeal suture evident. Posterior part of head, scutellum and mesosternum reddish ( Figure 2A ). Brazil (Pará, Rondônia).......................................... D. perforata ( Klug, 1825) Elytra glabrous with four rows of seriate punctures at median third; outer margins with moderately strong, proximate asperities. Metatibiae straight . Clypeal suture missing. Posterior part of head, scutellum and mesosternum

black ( Figure 2B ). Colombia (Bonda, Cartagena).......................................................... D. ibirajarai Mermudes, 1998

8. Elytra glabrous; margins not at all asperate. ( Figure 2C ). Brazil (Amazonas)......................................... D. nitidicollis Bates, 1870 Elytra pubescent; margins asperate................................ 9

9. Elytra with very short, whitish pubescence not obscuring surface. Prothorax narrow, parallel-sided, apex as broad as base ( Figure 2D ). Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)..................... D. ruficollis ( Chevrolat, 1859) Elytra densely clothed by pubescence, partially or totally obscuring punctures................................................... 10

10. Elytra with silky, olivaceous pubescence. Ventral body surface, except prosternum, with silky, olivaceous pilosity totally obscuring integument. Prothorax subrounded at sides, widest at middle. Peduncles of femora conspicuously sulcate and carinate ( Figure 2E ). Brazil (Minas Gerais)................................................... D. mineira sp. nov. Elytra with whitish pubescence. Ventral body surface, except prosternum, with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument. Prothorax subparallel at sides. Femoral peduncles shallowly, poorly conspicuously sulcate ( Figure 2F ). Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá......... D. chontalensis Bates, 1872

Figures

Figure 1. Dihammaphora species. Dihammaphora falsa sp. nov., (A) male paratype, (B) lateral view of prothorax showing median apical projection of prosternum, (C) unciform projection of procoxae. (D) Dihammaphora uncinata sp. nov., male holotype. (E) Dihammaphora scutata Gounelle, syntype female (?) (reproduced from slide). (F) Dihammaphora gracicollis Chevrolat, female. (G) Dihammaphora brasileira sp.nov., male paratype.

Figure 2. Dihammaphora species. (A) Dihammaphora perforata Klug, female (?). (B) Dihammaphora ibirajarai Mermudes, female holotype. (C) Dihammaphora nitidicollis Bates, male (?) holotype. (D) Dihammaphora ruficollis Chevrolat, male. (E) Dihammaphora mineira sp. nov., male (?) holotype. (F) Dihammaphora chontalensis Bates, female holotype. (C) and (F) reproduced from slides.