Trigonopterus vandekampi, Riedel, Alexander, 2010

Riedel, Alexander, 2010, One of a thousand - a new species of Trigonopterus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae) from New Guinea, Zootaxa 2403, pp. 59-68 : 61-66

Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n.

( Figs. 1–20 )

Diagnosis. Body subovate, black; subglabrous except dorsum of rostrum and femora sparsely squamose with white scales. Rostrum dorsally swollen at base, apically narrowing. Pronotum densely punctate. Elytra without distinct striae, sparsely irregularly punctate; elytral base bordered by row of somewhat larger punctures, laterally simple, without row of larger punctures, without ridge. Metafemur dorsally denticulate, subapically with stridulatory patch. Femora ventrally without teeth. Metatibia apically with uncus and distinct premucro ( Figs. 19–20 ). Aedeagus as in figs. 8–9. Bursal sclerite of female unpaired, pointed ( Fig. 17 ).

Description. Holotype, male ( Figs. 1–2, 6–7 ). Length. Pronotum + elytra 3.0 mm.

Color black, except antenna and tarsi ferruginous, posterior surface of femora dark ferruginous, dorsal surface of femora and rostrum with whitish scales; base of rostrum basally with brownish incrustations.

Habitus subovate to subrhomboid, with shallow constriction between prothorax and elytra; body in profile dorsally evenly convex. In thanatosis ( Fig. 7 ) legs forming compact unit, sticking out from horizontal body plane at ca. 60°; dorsal edge of metafemur distant from elytral edge; femora partly overlapping tibiae; in lateral aspect gaps between legs fully closed, even at base; apex of metatibia not fully concealed. Integument of elytra and pronotum polished, punctate, nude (except punctures containing minute seta visible at ca. 80 X magnification); punctures of femora with distinct white seta, dorsal edge of meso- and metafemur and base of rostrum with upcurved white scales not fully concealing the cuticle.

Rostrum ( Figs. 3–4 ) ca. 3 X as long as wide at base, markedly curved ventrad; in profile dorsal contour sinuate, ventral contour concave; basal half dorsally swollen, foveate-rugose, with distinct median ridge, sides above antennal scrobes and dorsum with grey upcurved scales directed mesally; anterior half flattened, with low median costa and pair of sublateral ridges bordered by sparse rows of mesally directed suberect yellowish setae; apically epistome simple, without tooth; in thanatosis, swollen basal half projecting beyond marginal carina of rostral canal.

Head. Eye subtriangular, largely concealed by pronotum when in thanatosis position; dorsal margin forming indistinct ridge. Forehead between eyes as wide as rostrum, widening posteriorly, densely deeply punctate, posteriorly slightly microreticulate between punctures.

Antenna inserted somewhat behind middle of rostrum. Scape short, subequal to article 1 + 2 of funicle, fully concealed in rostral channel in thanatosis position.

Pronotum 1.28 X wider than long, widest at base, smoothly converging to apex, without subapical constriction; anterior and posterior margin straight; disc smooth except densely punctate with moderately large punctures, interspaces subequal to diameter of puncture; along submedian line with 18 punctures; along midline very weakly bent, with narrow glabrous band; laterally gradually bent towards sides; laterally behind procoxa weakly cavernous; postocular lobe subangulate, evenly continuous with convex profile of marginal carina, antecoxal projection of marginal carina subacute, directed ventroposterad, inconspicuous; side above procoxa simple, without fovea.

Elytra subovate, basally truncate, 1.25 X longer than wide, slightly wider (1.12 X) than base of pronotum, widest in basal 0.15 of elytral length; in profile dorsally smoothly convex, 0.83 X as deep as long; striae marked by very thin hairline impressions and row of small punctures (hairline impression of some striae entirely missing); flat intervals with row of similar punctures, resulting in confused punctation; interspaces glabrous, polished; punctures of transverse row bordering basal margin somewhat denser and larger than elytral punctures behind; basally striae 8 and 9 with sparse, weakly impressed punctures, intervals there without any ridge; subapically striae 8 and 9 with dense and rather deeply impressed punctures; elytral apex simple, jointly evenly rounded, not extended ventrad.

Thoracic venter. Procoxa posteriorly with sparse cluster of erect scales, mesal face simple, without row of pits; posterior face concave. Ventral setose fringe of pronotal hypomeron forming indistinct receptacle brush; modified setae medially slightly longer than lateral setae. Mesothoracic receptacle broadly U-shaped with short side-walls; ventrally produced to level of mesocoxal apex; posteriorly simple, without deep pits, ventral exposed surface with sparse plumose scales. Mesocoxa anteromesally with shallow smooth concavity, posteromesally with scattered suberect scales. Metaventrite medially subequal to exposed part of mesoventrite, disc broadly concave, anteriorly deeply punctate, with few setae; lateral intercoxal ridge markedly protruding ventrad, in lateral aspect ventrally truncate, lateral surface coriaceous, deeply punctate, with scattered white scales; in ventral aspect intercoxal ridge somewhat oblique, its anterior end rotating anticlockwise mesad; posteriorly intercoxal ridge extending over metacoxa, projecting dentiform when viewed from behind; anterior rim of metacoxal cavity without secondary denticle; sides of metaventrite below elytral margin glabrous. Metacoxa in mesal angle with long, erect, mesoposteriad directed setae.

Legs. Femora markedly compressed laterally; with distinct but simple anteroventral ridge overlapping bent tibia; posteroventral ridge less marked but still distinct; without ventral teeth; anteroventral furrow distinct, bordered by fringe of more or less setiform scales. Pro-, meso- and metafemur of similar size. Profemur elongate-subovate, anterior surface convex, posterior surface concave except basally with flattened swelling; both sides densely punctate, each puncture containing white recumbent seta; dorsoposteriorly with distinct edge but without denser scaling. Mesofemur similar to profemur, but dorsal edge in basal third with weak angulation; posterior surface only basally concave, remainder flat, punctation sparse, with fine longitudinal striation; dorsoposterior edge bordered by row of white scales and indistinct row of denticles.

Metafemur relatively long, in repose passing elytral apex; in dorsal aspect, shape more claviform than other femora, basally slender, weakly curved; posterior surface flattened, subglabrous except for row of squamiferous punctures along ventral edge and few scattered punctures along dorsal edge; subapical posterior surface with distinct stridulatory patch of transverse striation; basal limits of stridulatory patch ill-defined; dorsoposterior edge bordered by few rows of white scales, with distinct row of denticles; suture with trochanter oblique to ventral edge. Tibiae with fine longitudinal ridges bordered by rows of dorsad pointing setae; dorsal edges of pro- and mesotibia simple, of metatibia in basal half with row of denticles; apex ventrally with uncus and with smaller premucro, premucro most distinct in metatibia ( Figs. 19–20 ). Anterior setose comb of metatibia subapically following midline of metatibia from base of uncus. Tarsi with tarsomere 3 subtrapezoid, anteriorly markedly widened, shape of apical lobes symmetrical; tarsomere 3 ca. 2 X as wide as tarsomere 2, their length subequal; claw-segment inserted in basal half of tarsomere 3; tarsomere 4 largely concealed in cavity formed by tarsomere 3; tarsomere 5 relatively long, 1.18 X as long as tarsomere 3; tarsal claws minute.

Abdomen. Ventrite 1 laterally bordering metacoxa with marked, dentiform protrusion, its glabrous outer surface supporting base of metafemur in thanatosis; its inner surface and neighboring area dull, microreticulate, with few scattered erect scales and setae; disc of ventrite 1 concave, subglabrous. Ventrite 2 swollen laterally and for some distance on posterior margin, disc with transverse ovate impression, partly undercutting the swollen lateral portions, anteriorly open; disc concave, subglabrous; swollen lateral portions dull, reticulate; with few scattered erect setae; junction to ventrite 3 smooth. Ventrites 3–4 narrow, of equal length, subglabrous, each with one transverse row of suberect setae, laterally replaced by scales. Sutures between ventrites 3–5 distinct, but not deeply entrenched. Ventrite 5 flattened, very shallowly concave, subglabrous, sparsely setose with scattered suberect setae, laterally with few rows of suberect scales; apex simple, not crenulate.

Terminalia. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 11 ) subtrapezoid, sides weakly converging to subtruncate apex, at base slightly wider than long; laterally well sclerotized, along median suture weakly sclerotized; apex sublaterally densely setose. Sternite IX ( Fig. 11 ) straight, apex curved to the right, apical arms somewhat lyriform, largely covered by sternite VIII. Tegmen ( Fig. 10 ) with complete, slender ring, apodeme relatively long, parameroid lobes distinct, medially approximate, apically with microchaetae. Aedeagus ( Figs. 8–9 ); body with sides subparallel, apex rounded when viewed vertically, medially apex extended into short angulate tip; sides and apex more strongly sclerotized than dorsal and ventral surface; subglabrous, dorsal surface and apex sublaterally with few short inconspicuous setae, not visible with dissecting microscopes; membrane of ostium transversely folded; with one pair of long, weakly sclerotized endophallic sclerites fully contained in aedeagal body; apodemes ca. 1.9 X as long as aedeagal body; transfer apparatus ( Fig. 12 ) compact, relatively simple, symmetrical, pointing ventrad in repose, base anchor-shaped, apically acute; without flagellum; ductus ejaculatorius ca. 2 X as long as aedeagus, internally strongly sclerotized, basally near insertion with transfer apparatus relatively thin, more apically with marked swelling (“bulbus ejaculatorius”) sclerotized and / or stainable with chlorazol black; from insertion into transfer apparatus ductus ejaculatorius curving dorsad, continuing with a full spiral, thus in relaxed specimens, base of bulbus somewhat dorsal aedeagal apodeme and apex of bulbus ventral of aedeagal apodeme.

Allotype, female. Same as holotype except: Length. Pronotum + elytra 2.8 mm. Profile of torso dorsally slightly depressed in anterior portion. Rostrum ( Fig. 5 ) in basal half only weakly swollen; anterior half dorsally smooth except for two submedian rows of punctures containing minute setae, sides bordered by fine ridge and row of moderately long setae. Thoracic venter. Disc of metaventrite flat except anteriorly sulcate bordering mesoventrite. Legs. Metafemur slightly shorter. Premucro of metatibia minute. Abdomen. Disc of ventrite 1 flat; ventrite 5 completely flat, subglabrous, punctures and setae fewer. Terminalia ( Fig. 13 ). Tergite VIII ( Fig. 15 ) 1.3 X longer than wide, spatulate, apical tip evenly rounded, simple, not crenulate. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 16 ) with apical plate trapezoid, medially with large membranous area, apex subtruncate, sublaterally setose. Coxite ( Fig. 14 ) without conspicuous setae, 2.5 X as long as stylus. Stylus ( Fig. 14 ) subcylindrical, slightly curved outward, apically with stiff setae. Bursa copulatrix ( Figs. 13, 17 ) with one unpaired relatively large sclerite, apically extended as hollow spine; ductus spermathecae sclerotized throughout, at base entering spine of bursal sclerite, attaching internally at spine´s tip. Spermatheca ( Fig. 18 ). Lumen much reduced; apical 1/3 of spermatheca solid chitinous.

Intraspecific variation. Length, pronotum + elytron: males 2.28–3.28 mm (n=13, =2.92 ± 0.26); females 1.92–2.98 mm (n=13, =2.69 ± 0.26). Coloration completely black, black with completely ferruginous legs, or rarely (in teneral specimens) entirely ferruginous. Hairline impressions of elytral striae present in all striae, partly or completely absent.

Material examined. Holotype: ARC 460; EMBL Accession# FN429171 ; WEST NEW GUINEA, Jayapura Reg., Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S 02° 32.2´E 140° 30.4´, 545–700 m, 02.XII.2007, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( MZB). Paratypes: WEST NEW GUINEA, Jayapura Reg.: 1 male, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, ca. 300 m, 19–21.IX.1990, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 1 male, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, ca. 300 m, 9–10.VIII.1991, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 12 males, 11 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 600–1100 m, 5.X.1991, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC, SMNK, ZSM); 5 males, 2 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 300–1400 m, 10.VIII.1991, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 2 males, 1 female, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 300–450 m, 7–10.VIII.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 11 males, 7 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 400–500 m, 10.VIII.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC, SMNK); 12 males, 4 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 400–800 m, 7.VIII.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC, SMNK); 10 males, 6 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 300–550 m, 2.X.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC, SMNK); 2 males, 1 female, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 300–450 m, 7–10.VIII.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 5 males, 1 female, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 400–800 m, 7.VIII.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 3 males, 3 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 300–500 m, 31.X.1992, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 4 males, 3 female, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 350–850 m, 16.X.1996, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 9 males, 1 female, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 270–500 m, 26.IX.1996, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 3 females, Cyclops Mts., Sentani, 350–850 m, 16.X.1996, leg. A.Riedel ( ARC); 1 male, ARC 646, EMBL Accession# FN429294 , Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 32.291’ E140° 30.505’, 515 m, 19.XI.2007, sample 3, sifted, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 1 female, ARC 647, EMBL Accession# FN429295 , same collecting data ( SMNK); 20 males, 2 females (in ethanol), Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 32.166’ E140° 30.512’, 600–620 m, 19.XI.2007, “Mim1”, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 34 males (32 in ethanol, 2 cp-dried and used for µCT), 10 females, Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 32.3’ E140° 30.4’, 350–620 m, 19.XI.2007, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 7 males (in ethanol), Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 31.794’ E140° 30.190’, 800–860 m, 21.XI.2007, “Mim2”, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 2 females, ARC 661, EMBL Accession# FN429308 and ARC 660, EMBL Accession# FN429307 , same collecting data ( SMNK); 6 males, 2 females (in ethanol), Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 32.2’ E140° 30.5’, 500–600 m, 28.XI.2007, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 5 males, 1 female (in ethanol), Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 31.8’ E140° 30.5’, 600–900 m, 28.XI.2007, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 1 male, ARC 462, EMBL Accession# FN429173 , same collecting data ( SMNK); 34 males, 16 females (in ethanol, except 1 female marked as “allotype”: ARC 461; EMBL Accession# FN429172 ), same data as holotype ( SMNK, ZSM); 1 male, ARC 459, EMBL Accession# FN429170 , same collecting data ( SMNK); 19 males, 11 females (in ethanol), Sentani, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 32.0’ E140° 30.4’, 700–900 m, 02.XII.2007, beaten, leg. A.Riedel ( SMNK); 8 males (in ethanol), Doyo, Gn. Cyclops, S02° 32.5’ E140° 28. 8’, 300–400 m, 27. XI.2 0 0 7, beaten, le g. A. Riedel (SM NK); 2 m ales, AR C70 4 E M BL Accession# FN429348 and ARC 705, EMBL Accession# FN429349 , same collecting data ( SMNK); 9 males, 8 females, Lereh, 300–550 m, 25.I.1996, leg. A. Riedel ( ARC, SMNK); 9 males, 2 females, Lereh, 300– 500 m, 26.I.1996, leg. A. Riedel ( ARC, SMNK). 188 exx, N Sentani Lk., 300 m, III.1992, leg. J. Kolibáč ( NHMB, SMNK, ZSM).

Distribution. ( Fig. 21 ). Jayapura Reg. (Cyclops Mts., Lereh). Elevation: 300– 800 m.

Biology. Collected by beating foliage in lowland forests.

Etymology. This species is named in honor of Thomas van de Kamp (Karlsruhe), who has spent months creating a 3D computer model of one of the paratypes.

Notes. Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n. was coded as “ Trigonopterus sp. 8“ by Riedel et al. (2010), respectively “ Trigonopterus sph” in the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.

Based on molecular and morphological evidence it is most closely related to species “ARC045” from the Cyclops Mountains, which is the same as “ Trigonopterus sp. 7“ by Riedel et al. (2010), respectively “ Trigonopterus spg” in EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. It can be separated by a smaller premucro and a stouter body shape. Among the described species, they are probably most closely allied to T. ampliatus (Faust) from the Fly River area and T. ellipticus (Pascoe) from Ceram. From both it can be easily separated by their non-swollen rostral base, by a differently shaped aedeagus, and a transfer apparatus of different structure.

Figures

FIGURES 21. Distribution of Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n..

FIGURES 1 – 7. Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n.:, dorsal aspect: (1) holotype, dorsal aspect; (2) holotype, lateral aspect; (3) holotype, head in frontal aspect; (4) holotype, head in lateral aspect; (5) allotype, head in lateral aspect; (6) holotype, dorsal aspect, detail; (7) holotype in thanatosis, lateral aspect.

FIGURES 8 – 12. Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n., holotype, male terminalia: (8) aedeagus in dorsal aspect; (9) aedeagus in lateral aspect; (10) tegmen; (11) sternite VIII + IX; (12) transfer apparatus in lateral aspect.

FIGURES 13 – 18. Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n., allotype, female terminalia: (13) overview; (14) coxite; (15) tergite VIII; (16) sternite VIII; (17) sclerite of bursa copulatrix; note ductus spermathecae entering spine, attaching to its apex; (18) spermatheca.

FIGURES 19 – 20. Trigonopterus vandekampi sp. n., apex of right metatibia; premucro marked by arrows; (19) posterior aspect; (20) apical aspect. SEM photographs prepared by T. van de Kamp.