Allometopon

Owen Lonsdale, 2016, Revision of the genus Allometopon Kertész (Diptera: Clusiidae), Zootaxa 4106 (1), pp. 1-127 : 7-12

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4106.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A5ADF236-5219-4014-9DC4-C43F981DD1A4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6057229

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6866497B-F111-347F-FF39-A0BDF1EDFB2B

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Allometopon
status

 

Key to species of Allometopon View in CoL View at ENA

1. Second dorsocentral inserted closer to transverse suture than to posterior dorsocentral. Anterior dorsocentral approximately 3/ 5 length of posterior dorsocentral; third smaller dorsocentral often present. Posteromedial region between dorsocentrals usually glossy. Two fronto-orbitals present, uncommonly three (Indian A. bharetum View in CoL ).................................. 2

- Second dorsocentral inserted closer to posterior dorsocentral than to transverse suture. In all cases where a third weak dorsocentral is present, all dorsocentrals are obviously displaced posteriorly. Anterior dorsocentral usually 1/2 length of posterior dorsocentral. Posteromedial region between dorsocentrals at least partly setose and microsetulose. Three or four fronto-orbitals, rarely two ( A. atromaculatum View in CoL , A. antennalis View in CoL )............................................................... 7

2. Three fronto-orbital setae. Scutum setulose between dorsocentrals ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 24 – 28 ). Surstylus extremely long,narrow, apically truncated ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 24 – 28 ). India................................................................ A. bharetum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Two fronto-orbital setae. Scutum glossy and bare between dorsocentral setae, sometimes with setulae only slightly reduced ( A. hauseri View in CoL ). Surstylus usually pointed, sometimes shorter and apically truncated ( Fig. 287 View FIGURES 284 – 290 ), never as elongate not as above.... 3

3. Frons mostly or entirely dark brown. Back of head brown above foramen. Ocellar seta as long as posterior fronto-orbital. Two dorsocentral setae. Two lateral scutellar setae. Surstylus produced posteriorly as a ventrally hooked lobe (as in Fig. 21 View FIGURES 19 – 23 ). Basiphallus/epiphallus developed into compact segmented structure............................................ 4

- Frons yellow. Back of head entirely or almost entirely yellow. Ocellar seta minute. Long, well-developed setula in front of anterior dosocentral. One lateral scutellar seta. Male terminalia not as above...................................... 5

4. Frons entirely dark brown. Scutum dark brown with yellowish spots on postpronotum and notopleuron ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 19 – 23 ). Scutellum dark brown. Male anepisternum entirely yellow ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 19 – 23 ); female antepisternum entirely dark brown. Metanotum entirely dark brown. Tergites 1 and 2 brown. Surstylus strongly arched posteriorly ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 19 – 23 ). Distiphallus elbowed at midpoint ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 19 – 23 ). Paraphallus very long and narrow with apex expanded and serrated. Malaysia (Pahang)........... A. atribatum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Frons yellow anteromedially. Scutum yellow with brown medial stripe ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 95 – 99 ). Scutellum yellow apically. Male anepisternum at least with faint brownish marking; female unknown. Metanotum yellow with katatergite dark brown and region immediately under scutellum brownish ( Fig. 96 View FIGURES 95 – 99 ). Tergites 1 and 2 yellow. Surstylus relatively straight ( Fig. 97 View FIGURES 95 – 99 ). Distiphallus straight with base curved ( Fig. 99 View FIGURES 95 – 99 ). Paraphallus very small, lobate. Malaysia (Sabah)..................... A. hauseri View in CoL spec. nov.

5. Notum with strong, dark stripe transverse stripe along anterior margin and with strong medial stripe reaching posterior margin (narrowed on posterior 1/3) ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 69 – 73 ). Posterolateral scutal stripes separate from medial stripe. Surstylus large, especially broad and rounded posterobasally, slightly curved in cross-section and with apex slightly truncated ( Figs 71, 72 View FIGURES 69 – 73 ). Malaysia (Sabah)................................................................................... A. gaimarii View in CoL spec. nov.

- Anterior margin of scutum yellow, but sometimes medial stripe attains anteromedial margin. Medial scutal stripe widening to base, usually confluent with posterolateral stripes when present. Surstylus various, but not as above................... 6

6. Scutellum yellow along entire apical and lateral margins. Lateral scutal stripes sometimes absent, but if present, separate from or faintly confluent with medial stripe ( Figs 6–10 View FIGURES 6 – 13 ). Surstylus broad and subtriangular with wide clear distomedial region that makes surstylus appear bifid ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 6 – 13 ). Indonesia (Sulawesi), Malaysia (Perak), Philippines....... A. antennalis Sasakawa View in CoL

- Scutellum yellow apically. Lateral scutal stripes broadly fused to longer medial stripe (Fig. 275). Surstylus narrow with apex slightly expanded (Fig. 278). Indonesia (East Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah), Philippines......... A. thrinacos Sasakawa View in CoL

7. Two very strong lateral scutellar setae that are as long or longer than scutellum; arranged in a transverse row that is straight, or nearly so ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ). Acrostichal seta large and stout, similar in size to dorsocentral setae. Surstylus small, subtriangular and with slight posterior curve (as in Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ) (in species with known males)................................................ 8

- One or two lateral scutellar setae, shorter than scutellum, not strong or arranged as above. Acrostichal seta small to absent. Surstylus various....................................................................................... 15

8. First flagellomere and scutum entirely yellow.............................................................. 9

- First flagellomere black. Scutum often with with faint to distinct stripe(s)........................................ 10

9. Setae yellowish-brown. No enlarged setula in front of anterior dorsocentral. Fore tarsi yellow or with orange tint (Figs 247, 248). Tergite 2 brown posteromedially. Philippines, Malaysia (Sabah)................................ A. palpale Frey View in CoL

- Setae brown. Additional enlarged setula in front of anterior dorsocentral, appearing as smaller third dorsocentral. Fore tarsi dark brown (Fig. 246). Tergite 2 yellow (Fig. 245). Malaysia ( North Borneo).................. A. sensitivum Sasakawa View in CoL

10. Three fronto-orbital setae. Medial stripe on scutum very narrowly or distinctly divided medially (ie. bifid) along most of length by yellow line ( Figs 168, 169 View FIGURES 168 – 172 ). Wing clouded on distal 1/3. Surstylus with broad, shallow, posteromedial carina along margin ( Fig. 171 View FIGURES 168 – 172 ). Malaysia (Sabah, Selangor)................................................... A. magnum spec. nov.

- Four fronto-orbital setae. Medial scutal stripe undivided or absent. Wing clear or lightly infuscated. Surstylus not shallowly produced posteromedially as above..................................................................... 11

11. Scutellum brown ( Fig. 229 View FIGURES 229 – 233 ). Notopleuron brown. Wing lightly infuscated, becoming clear posteriorly. Epandrium without spine ( Fig. 231 View FIGURES 229 – 233 ). Indonesia (W. Kalimantan), Malaysia ( Malaya, Borneo)........................ A. pulcher Sasakawa View in CoL

- Scutellum yellow. Notopleuron yellow. Wing clear. Epandrium with long, narrow anteroventral spine (males unknown for A. monstrum View in CoL )......................................................................................... 12

12. Setae dark brown. Frons dark brown medially with yellow spot surrounding tubercle ( Fig. 309 View FIGURES 307 – 314. 307, 308 ). Scutum with broad, ill-defined medial stripe attaining anterior margin. Indonesia (West Java)............................... A. monstrum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Setae yellow. Frons yellow. Scutum entirely yellow or with narrow, faint stripes.................................. 13

13. Scutum with one narrow, faint to indistinct, pointed postsutural stripe and one pair of similarly faint, floating mediolateral stripes that are broken at suture ( Figs 1, 2 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ). Male palpus dark brown on distal 1/3. Body length 4.6mm (only one male known). Surstylus narrow and pointed ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ). Sri Lanka.............................................. A. acum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Scutum entirely yellow. Male palpus yellow to brownish apically. Body length 3.5–3.6mm (♂), 3.8–4.4mm (♀). Surstylus subrectangular with incurved posterodistal spine ( Figs 122, 123 View FIGURES 120 – 124 ) (state unknown for A. flavum View in CoL )........................ 14

14. Male palpus yellow. Epandrium yellow ( Figs 298–300 View FIGURES 298 – 306. 298 – 301 ). Seychelles................................ A. flavum Lamb View in CoL

- Male palpus sometimes brownish apically. Epandrium pale brown. Laos, Malaysia (Sabah), Philippines. A. hybos Sasakawa View in CoL

15. Presutural supra-alar seta present. Head msotly dark brown with antenna and face yellow to white; thorax mostly dark brown with yellow stripe from shoulders onto proepisternum and fore coxae ( Figs 194–196 View FIGURES 194 – 199 ). Surstylus small and triangular with very long, serrated posterobasal process ( Figs 197, 198 View FIGURES 194 – 199 ). Phallus elbowed medially between elongate basiphallus and distiphallus; basiphallus spinulose dorsally and distiphallus with one pair of minute basal processes ( Fig. 199 View FIGURES 194 – 199 ). Burma..... A. nobile Frey View in CoL

- Presutural supra-alar seta absent. Colour various, but never dark as above. Surstylus and distiphallus never as above..... 16

16. Halter knob brown, at least in part...................................................................... 17

- Halter entirely yellow to white......................................................................... 23

17. Halter knob with brown apical spot. Prosternum brown. Female with tergites 4 and 5 yellow with lateral and sometimes medial stripe brown........................................................................................ 18

- Halter knob entirely or basally brown. Prosternum yellow. Female abdominal tergites 4 and 5 dark brown............. 19

18. Palpus brown apically, yellow basally ( Fig. 314 View FIGURES 307 – 314. 307, 308 ). Scutum and scutellum with medial yellow stripe ( Figs 311–313 View FIGURES 307 – 314. 307, 308 ). Tergites 2–3 yellow medially. New Caledonia................................................... A. philomela View in CoL spec. nov.

- Palpus entirely dark brown ( Fig. 316 View FIGURES 315 – 320. 315, 316 ). Scutum and scutellum (except apex) entirely brown ( Fig. 315 View FIGURES 315 – 320. 315, 316 ). Tergites 2–3 brown. New Caledonia....................................................................... A. procne View in CoL spec. nov.

19. Frons brown with pale anteromedial region. Palpus and clypeus whitish. Scutum brown, sometimes with one pair of narrow yellow lines. Halter knob entirely brown. Surstylus with small rounded basal lobe................................ 20

- Frons yellow or with orange tint. Palpus brown in part. Clypeus brown dorsally. Scutum yellow to brownish with brown vittae. Halter knob brown, sometimes with with apex white. Males unknown.......................................... 21

20. Body length 2.3mm (♂), 2.9–3.1(♀). Scutum entirely brown ( Figs 57–59 View FIGURES 57 – 63 ). One lateral scutellar seta. Surstylus narrow, subtriangular ( Fig. 61 View FIGURES 57 – 63 ). Paraphallus short, smooth ( Fig. 63 View FIGURES 57 – 63 ). Postgonite with thickened setae. Distiphallus slightly more than 1/3 length of phallapodeme. Papua New Guinea........................................ A. fumihalteratum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Body length 3.5mm (♂♀). Scutum brown with one pair of narrow, yellow supra-alar stripes ( Figs 184, 185 View FIGURES 184 – 187 ). Two lateral scutellar setae. Surstylus subcircular ( Fig. 186 View FIGURES 184 – 187 ). Paraphallus long, spinulose ( Fig. 187 View FIGURES 184 – 187 ). Postgonite with normal setae. Distiphallus almost ½ length of phallapodeme. Papua New Guinea (New Britain, Manus)................... A. marginale Sasakawa View in CoL

21. Three dorsocentrals. Halter knob entirely dark brown. Base colour of notum brownish-orange (Figs 329, 330). Medial scutal stripe reaching transverse suture; no sublateral stripes. Madagascar................................... A. “female 5”

-. Two dorsocentrals. Halter knob brown with apex white. Base colour of notum yellow. Scutum with three complete medial stripes joined apically. Medial scutal stripe reaching anterior margin........................................... 22

22. Three fronto-orbital setae. Two lateral scutellar setae. Palpus brownish ( Fig. 308 View FIGURES 307 – 314. 307, 308 ). Lateral brown stripe on scutum separated from brownish lateral margin presuturally by white space ( Fig. 307 View FIGURES 307 – 314. 307, 308 ). Scutellum entirely brown. Pleuron with brown spots and femora with basal brownish markings. Papua New Guinea................................. A. kokodensis View in CoL spec. nov.

- Four fronto-orbital setae. One lateral scutellar seta. Palpus brownish apically ( Fig. 318 View FIGURES 315 – 320. 315, 316 ). Lateral brown stripe on scutum reaching lateral margin, which is slightly yellowish ( Fig. 317 View FIGURES 315 – 320. 315, 316 ). Scutellum yellow with brown dorsal spot. Pleuron and femora entirely yellowish. Australia (northern QLD).............................................. A. tetrathrix spec. nov.

23. Two lateral scutellar setae. Anterolateral margin of scutum brown; brown medial stripe on scutum usually short and apically bifid ( Fig. 259 View FIGURES 258 – 263 ), but sometimes absent or attaining anterior margin ( Fig. 258 View FIGURES 258 – 263 ); scutum uncommonly entirely brown. First flagellomere brown dorsally in both sexes, at least basally. Surstylus subrectangular, angled posteriorly, with apical margin relatively straight; posterodistal corner appearing as subtriangular protrusion near midpoint ( Figs 261, 262 View FIGURES 258 – 263 ); distiphallus approximately 3/5 length of phallapodeme ( Fig. 263 View FIGURES 258 – 263 ); paraphallus small, smooth, fused to distiphallus. Australia (QLD)............................................................................................. A. striatum McAlpine View in CoL

- One or two lateral scutellar setae. Scutum various. First flagellomere various. Surstylus various, but never as above; distiphallus and paraphallus never as above...................................................................... 24

24. Scutum entirely brown (with light brown/reddish tint in A. glochis View in CoL ), sometimes excluding venter of postpronotum or one pair of thin, floating yellowish posterolateral stripes. Scutellum entirely brown...................................... 25

- Scutum yellow, usually with brown pattern that sometimes predominates. Scutellum brown or entirely to partially yellow. 33

25. Postsutural scutum with one pair of narrow, floating yellow to yellowish stripes. Pleuron entirely yellow. Epandrium sometimes yellow........................................................................................ 26

- Postsutural scutum entirely brown. Anepisternum usually brown in part (entirely yellow in male A. macalpinei View in CoL , marking sometimes faint in A. tenebrae View in CoL ). Epandrium brown (males unknown for “female 1” and “female 4”)...................... 28

26. Back of head brown above foramen ( Fig. 219 View FIGURES 219 – 223 ). Epandrium brown with distal margin yellow ( Fig. 220 View FIGURES 219 – 223 ). Surstylus and epandrium very large, as long as high (Figs 221,222). Postgonite and paraphallus bifid apically ( Fig. 223 View FIGURES 219 – 223 ). Papua New Guinea................................................................................... A. platystylum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Back of head entirely yellow or with one pair of stripes that may be broadly fused above foramen. Epandrium mostly to entirely yellow. Surstylus and epandrium smaller. Postgonite and paraphallus entire............................... 27

27. One pair of vibrissae. Frons with one pair of distinct brown posterolateral spots that sometimes extend along orbital plate. Back of head with one pair of dark stripes ( Fig. 137 View FIGURES 137 – 142 ). Epandrium entirely yellow ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 137 – 142 ). Surstylus appearing folded, narrowest apically ( Figs 139–141 View FIGURES 137 – 142 ). Papua New Guinea........................................ A. lunatum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Two pairs of vibrissae. Frons yellow, sometimes with one pair of brownish posterolateral spots. Back of head yellow to orange dorsally ( Figs 212, 213 View FIGURES 212 – 218 ), sometimes with one pair of brownish spots dorsolaterally. Epandrium with small to elongate brown dorsal spot ( Fig. 214 View FIGURES 212 – 218 ). Surstylus narrowest basally, with small outer-basal conical projection ( Fig. 215 View FIGURES 212 – 218 ); inner surface with whorl of short, stout setae ( Fig. 217 View FIGURES 212 – 218 ). Papua New Guinea........................... A. phenomena View in CoL spec. nov. (in part)

28. First flagellomere entirely brown (Figs 327, 328). Frons brown with margin along eye and stripe encompassing base of vertical setae yellow. Coxae, femora and tibiae almost entirely brown. Papua New Guinea....................... A. “female 4”

- First flagellomere only brown on dorsal half at most. Frons variable, but usually brown along posterolateral margin with brown region enclosing or touching base of vertical setae. Legs yellow, sometimes with femora and base of coxae brown....... 29

29. Frons yellow with brown stripe along posterolateral margin of eye reaching base of posterior fronto-orbital. Back of head yellow centrally and with one pair of marginal dorsolateral stripes (Fig. 321). Anterior fronto-orbital half length of posterior fronto-orbitals. Papua New Guinea............................................................. A. “female 1”

- Frons yellow to orange, sometimes extensively brown posterolaterally and medially, but not as above. Back of head with one pair of stripes radiating from foramen or entirely brown above foramen. Anterior fronto-orbital 2/3–3/4 length of posterior fronto-orbitals...................................................................................... 30

30. Pleuron with narrow, complete subnotal stripe. Surstylus pointed apically. Ventral lobe of hypandrium strongly produced ventrally. Postgonite small, lobate......................................................................... 31

- Pleuron entirely yellow or with spot on anepisternum; sometimes entirely brown. Surstylus broadly rounded. Ventral region of hypandrium not produced. Postgonite elongate, narrow...................................................... 32

31. Frons orange with lateral margin of orbital plate and posterolateral corner past vertical setae yellow. Male clypeus brownish. Pigment on notum and pleural stripe brown, dark ( Figs 64, 65 View FIGURES 64 – 68 ). Surstylus narrow, trifid ( Figs 66, 67 View FIGURES 64 – 68 ). Madagascar............................................................................................ A. fuscinum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Frons yellow. Male clypeus yellow. Pigment on notum and pleural stripe faint, slightly reddish/brownish ( Figs 85, 86 View FIGURES 85 – 89 ). Surstylus with broad posterobasal lobe ( Figs 87, 88 View FIGURES 85 – 89 ). Madagascar................................... A. glochis View in CoL spec. nov.

32. Postvertical seta as long as ocellar tubercle. Male anepisternum usually entirely yellow ( Fig. 149 View FIGURES 148 – 156 ), uncommonly brown dorsally. Surstylus large, flat and broadly rounded (Figs 154,155). Phallapodeme rod-like with small ventral shield. Postgonite long and thin, narrowest near base ( Fig. 156 View FIGURES 148 – 156 ). Epiphallus very long. Australia (NSW, southeastern QLD)................................................................................................. A. macalpinei View in CoL spec. nov.

- Postvertical seta absent. Male anepisternum with posterodorsal infuscation ( Fig. 270 View FIGURES 269 – 274 ). Surstylus convoluted, with small posterodorsal bulge and short hooked apex ( Figs 271, 272 View FIGURES 269 – 274 ). Phallapodeme dome-like with distal section of shaft atrophied. Postgonite relatively short, narrowest apically ( Fig. 273 View FIGURES 269 – 274 ). Epiphallus minute. Papua New Guinea........ A. tenebrae View in CoL spec. nov.

33. Scutellum entirely yellow, without any vestige of brown pigment. Not postsuturally bivittate ( A. falcistylum with presutural stripes)............................................................................................ 34

- Scutellum brown, at least in part; those species with a very faint lateral brown spot are bivittate postsuturally........... 42

34. Presutural scutum with lateral margin and one pair of dorsocentral stripes brown. Surstylus narrowed and strongly incurved on medial third, and with apex expanded and flat; inner surface with small tubercle-like setae on posterior margin of basal third and apex ( Fig. 295 View FIGURES 291 – 297. 291 – 292 ). Japan.......................................................... A. falcistylum Sasakawa

- Scutum without paired stripes. Surstylus various but not as above............................................. 35

35. Anteromedial margin of scutum brown................................................................... 36

- Anteromedial margin of scutum yellow.................................................................. 38

36. One lateral scutellar seta. Anepisternum with very small brown spot ( Fig. 235 View FIGURES 234 – 238 ). Surstylus very large and subtriangular with posterobasal process ( Figs 236, 237 View FIGURES 234 – 238 ). Malaysia ( Sarawak)............................... A. punctulatum Sasakawa View in CoL

- Two lateral scutellar setae. Anepisternum entirely yellow or with large brown spot. Surstylus narrow with pointed apex angled anteriorly.......................................................................................... 37

37. Brown anteromedial margin on scutum wide, extending around margin of postpronotum ( Figs 74, 75 View FIGURES 74 – 79 ). Anepisternum with large brown spot. Wing clear. Surstylus with relatively long, narrow, strongly angled apex; without small posterobasal point ( Figs 76, 77 View FIGURES 74 – 79 ). Pregonite small, lobate ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 74 – 79 ). Thailand............................... A. geniculatum (Sasakawa)

- Brown anteromedial margin on scutum narrow, barely reaching postpronotum ( Figs 143, 144 View FIGURES 143 – 147 ). Anepisternum entirely yellow. Wing with anterodistal infuscation. Surstylus with short, slightly angled apex; with shallow posterobasal point ( Figs 145, 146 View FIGURES 143 – 147 ). Pregonite longer, membranous and partially fused to hypandrium ( Fig. 147 View FIGURES 143 – 147 ). Philippines................ A. lux View in CoL spec. nov.

38. Female postsutural scutum with large posteromedial spot; male scutum entirely yellow ( Figs 253, 254 View FIGURES 253 – 257 ). Surstylus much larger than epandrium and with pronounced posterobasal lobe ( Figs 255, 256 View FIGURES 253 – 257 ). Region between hypandrium and pregonite lightly sclerotized, setose and ridged ( Fig. 257 View FIGURES 253 – 257 ). Thailand............................................ A. solare View in CoL spec. nov.

- Not as above, although male scutum entirely pale or with almost indiscernable posteromedial line.................... 39

39. Notum with slight orange tint, and with narrow, faint, almost indiscernable stripe along margin of notopleuron, postpronotum and anterior margin of scutum, and with short, narrow and very faint posteromedial stripe on scutum ( Figs 162, 163 View FIGURES 162 – 167 ). Pleuron with very narrow, faint subdorsal stripe. Surstylus large and subtriangular with anterior margin straight and posterior margin curved ( Figs 164, 165 View FIGURES 162 – 167 ). Distiphallus as long as phallapodeme ( Fig. 166 View FIGURES 162 – 167 ). Philippines.......... A. macrophallus Sasakawa View in CoL

- Notum entirely yellow. Pleuron yellow with dark brown spot on anepisternum. Surstylus not as above. Distiphallus much shorter than phallapodeme............................................................................ 40

40. Surstylus narrow and pointed with similar basal process directed distally ( Figs 49, 50 View FIGURES 47 – 51 ). Thailand.... A. dicrostylis Sasakawa View in CoL

- Surstylus thick and hook-shaped with apex relatively broad.................................................. 41

41. Back of head entirely yellow ( Fig. 101 View FIGURES 100 – 106 ). Male first flagellomere with vestigial dorsal spot ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 100 – 106 ). Pregonite relatively broad and ovate ( Fig. 106 View FIGURES 100 – 106 ). Indonesia (North Kalimantan), Malaysia (Johor, Pahang)......... A. hesperotoxon View in CoL spec. nov. (males)

- Back of head with faint brownish marking dorsolaterally and below ocelli. First flagellomere with pale, but distinct dorsal stripe ( Figs 157, 158 View FIGURES 157 – 161 ). Pregonite narrow, subtriangular ( Fig. 161 View FIGURES 157 – 161 ). Ivory Coast............... A. machaeroges View in CoL spec. nov.

42. Scutellum brown with yellow arch ( Fig. 239 View FIGURES 239 – 244 ). Male scutum with medial stripe enclosing large yellow subrectangular spot between dorsocentral rows; female scutum brown excluding yellow subrectangular spot. Surstylus broad, flat along distal and anterior edges, curved inwards and with shallow, high posterodorsal lobe ( Figs 241–243 View FIGURES 239 – 244 ). Papua New Guinea................................................................................................. A. selenis View in CoL spec. nov.

- Scutellum, scutum and surstylus various, but never as above................................................. 43

43. Scutum with brown posteromedial stripe that sometimes extends presuturally.................................... 44

- Scutum either yellow with lateral and sometimes anterior margins brown, or bivittate, with vittae sometimes very narrowly separated or united basally along posterior margin.......................................................... 58

44. Anepisternum with brown spot. Surstylus hooked.......................................................... 45

- Anepisternum entirely yellow to white. Surstylus various.................................................... 48

45. Two fronto-orbital setae. Postsutural scutum with broad subquadrate spot. Scutellum only brown dorsally. Taiwan....................................................................................... A. atromaculatum (Hennig) View in CoL

- Three fronto-orbital setae. Postsutural scutum with narrow medial stripe. Scutellum brown......................... 46

46. Frons with medial dark yellow to brownish stripe. Palpus brown apically. Back of head with brown spot below tubercle. Medial scutal stripe pointed, not fused basally to one pair of shorter posterolateral stripes; lateral margin of scutum brown to postpronotum ( Figs 291, 292 View FIGURES 291 – 297. 291 – 292 ). Tergite 2 brown................................ A. hesperotoxon View in CoL spec. nov. (females)

- Frons yellow medially. Palpus yellow. Back of head vittate. Medial scutal stripe rounded, fused to one pair of small posterolateral stripes basally; lateral margin of scutum yellow. Tergite 2 yellow or light brown.............................. 47

47. Posterolateral corner of frons entirely yellow. Posteromedial stripe basally fused to narrow, fainter posterolateral stripes ( Figs 90, 91 View FIGURES 90 – 94 ). Metanotum brown and yellow. Tergite 1 yellow; 2 yellow with posteromedial and posterolateral spots. Laos, Thailand................................................................................ A. grypostylis Sasakawa View in CoL

- Posterolateral corner of frons with brown stripe reaching base of outer vertical seta. Posteromedial stripe very broadly fused to dark posterolateral stripes ( Figs 319, 320 View FIGURES 315 – 320. 315, 316 ). Metanotum entirely brown. Tergites 1 and 2 light brown. Laos, Thailand...................................................................................... A. trimaculosum Sasakawa

48. Medial scutal stripe narrow, bounded laterally by dorsocentral rows. Orbital plate yellow........................... 49

- Medial scutal stripe wide, extending beyond dorsocentral rows. Orbital plate sometimes brown in part................ 53

49. Notopleuron yellow.................................................................................. 50

- Notopleuron brown.................................................................................. 51

50. Scutal pattern sometimes reduced to mottled posteromedial stripe; lateromedial stripes absent ( Figs 29, 30 View FIGURES 29 – 34 ). Scutellum entirely brown. Ocellar spot limited to tubercle. Surstylus subrectangular with large posteromedial process ( Figs 31, 32 View FIGURES 29 – 34 ). Phallapodeme broad, dome-like ( Figs 33, 34 View FIGURES 29 – 34 ). Distiphallus shorter than paraphallus. Papua New Guinea....... A. cavernosium View in CoL spec. nov.

- Scutal stripe well-developed, sometimes reaching anterior margin; scutum with one pair of narrow lateromedial stripes ( Figs 52, 53 View FIGURES 52 – 56 ). Scutellum yellow with dorsal surface brown. Ocellar spot triangular, slightly larger than tubercle. Surstylus hookshaped ( Figs 54, 55 View FIGURES 52 – 56 ). Phallapodeme rod-like with flat ventral shield ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 52 – 56 ). Distiphallus longer than paraphallus. Papua New Guinea............................................................................. A. eotoxon View in CoL spec. nov.

51. Anteromedial margin of scutum yellow; with one pair of narrow floating posterolateral stripes that are sometimes connected to brown lateral margin by paler brown region (Figs 323, 324). One lateral scutellar seta. Papua New Guinea.... A. “female 2”

- Anteromedial margin of scutum brown; floating posteromedial stripes absent. Two lateral scutellar setae.............. 52

52. First flagellomere entirely white. Medial scutal stripe well-defined, dark, sometimes attaining anterior margin ( Figs 35, 36 View FIGURES 35 – 39 ). Metanotum yellow with mediotergite and posterodorsal corner of anatergite brownish. Tergite 1 and epandrium yellow. Sursty-

lus broad, rounded, with long posterobasal process, and outer surface with row of long, thick setae ( Figs 37, 38 View FIGURES 35 – 39 ). Papua New Guinea.............................................................................. A. cheiris View in CoL spec. nov. - First flagellomere with brown dorsal spot. Medial scutal stripe short, pale, mottled ( Figs 125, 126 View FIGURES 125 – 130 ). Metanotum brown with mediotergite yellow. Tergite 1 and epandrium brown. Surstylus narrower, slightly pointed apically, and outer surface with small setae on apical and posterior regions ( Figs 127, 128 View FIGURES 125 – 130 ). Australia (QLD)..................... A. infernum View in CoL spec. nov.

53. Two to four pairs of vibrissae; sometimes only one (possibly A. tropalis View in CoL paratype). Orbital plate yellow, sometimes with faint brownish posteromedial spot. Usually two lateral scutellar setae. Surstylus with circular whorl of setae on inner surface; shape subrectangular with base narrowed...................................................................... 54

- One pair of vibrissae. Orbital plate with long brownish to brown spot or stripe. One lateral scutellar seta. Surstylus without circular whorl of setae on inner surface; shape various but not as above........................................... 55

54. Two pairs of vibrissae with posterior pair joined apically. Medial scutal stripe with complete transverse yellow line at suture ( Fig. 212 View FIGURES 212 – 218 ). Postgonite apex short, subtriangular ( Fig. 218 View FIGURES 212 – 218 ). Papua New Guinea.......... A. phenomena View in CoL spec. nov. (in part)

- Four pairs of vibrissae, arranged along a horizontal plane ( Figs 284, 285 View FIGURES 284 – 290 ); sometimes one pair (possibly paratype). Medial scutal stripe emargined laterally at suture ( Figs 286, 287 View FIGURES 284 – 290 ). Postgonite apex narrow, elongate, lobate ( Fig. 290 View FIGURES 284 – 290 ). Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Islands)............................................................. A. tropalis Sasakawa View in CoL

55. Orbital plate with narrow, well-defined stripe from base of vertical setae to base of posterior fronto-orbital. Posteromedial margin of scutal stripe and scutellum both with yellow notch ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 40 – 46 ). Postvertical seta absent. Surstylus large and subtriangular with apex slightly curved and inner-posterior margin with clusters of tubercle-like setae on distal half and on posterior corner ( Figs 44, 45 View FIGURES 40 – 46 ). Australia............................................................. A. conopeum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Orbital plate with longer stripe or frons with diffuse posterolateral spot. Scutal stripe entirely brown along posterior margin; scutellum brown, sometimes with yellowish spot at base of setae. Postvertical seta small and thin. Surstylus not as above. 56

56. First flagellomere with brownish basal marking. Orbital plate brown, darkest medially, with anterior edge yellow. Scutellum entirely brown ( Figs 107, 108 View FIGURES 107 – 112 ). Epandrium brown with distal margin yellow. Surstylus with long setae in a band across the outer surface and a dense brush along a posteromedial shelf ( Figs 109–111 View FIGURES 107 – 112 ). Papua New Guinea..... A. hirsutum View in CoL spec. nov.

- First flagellomere entirely yellowish-white. Frons with diffuse brownish spot from orbital plate to ocellar tubercle. Scutellum brown with yellowish spot at base of apical setae. Epandrium entirely yellow. Surstylus not as above................. 57

57. Back of head with one pair of strong, confluent stripes. Scutal stripe shallowly emargined at suture; slightly darker along dorsocentral row ( Figs 113, 114 View FIGURES 113 – 119 ). Metanotum yellow with dorsum brownish. Surstylus higher than long, curved posteriorly, with dense brush of tubercle-like setae on raised process ( Figs 115–117 View FIGURES 113 – 119 ). Phallapodeme flat and dome-like (Fis 118, 119). Postgonite bifid. Papua New Guinea....................................................... A. horridum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Back of head with one pair of small, brownish medial spots. Scutal stripe not emargined at suture, not darker along dorsocentral row ( Figs 279, 280 View FIGURES 279 – 283 ). Metanotum yellow with mediotergite brown. Surstylus small, trilobed, without raised processes ( Figs 281, 282 View FIGURES 279 – 283 ). Phallapodeme rod-like ( Fig. 283 View FIGURES 279 – 283 ). Postgonite entire. Papua New Guinea............. A. trilobellum View in CoL spec. nov.

58. Scutum brown with central yellow spot that may reach posteromedial margin. Enlarged setula sometimes present in front of anterior dorsocentral. Male first flagellomere brown dorsally................................................. 59

- Scutum variably vittate, never as above. No enlarged setula in front of anterior dorsocentral. Male first flagellomere usually entirely yellow to white, but sometimes as above........................................................... 60

59. Posterolateral corner of frons dark brown with stripe extending to base of posterior fronto-orbital ( Fig. 302 View FIGURES 298 – 306. 298 – 301 ). Sucutm with narrow medial yellow stripe, not reaching dorsocentral rows. Male unknown. Papua New Guinea....... A. fumipenne Kertész View in CoL

- Posterolateral corner of frons entirely yellow ( Fig. 205 View FIGURES 205 – 211 ), female sometimes with brownish spot around base of vertical setae. Scutum with central yellow region very large, extending outside dorsocentral rows laterally ( Fig. 208 View FIGURES 205 – 211 ). Surstylus nearly as high as epandrium, stalk-like along most of length (seen laterally), and with distal margin flat and angled dorsally and inwards ( Figs 209, 210 View FIGURES 205 – 211 ). Cercus long, pointed. Paraphallus broad and truncated apically ( Fig. 211 View FIGURES 205 – 211 ). Postgonite and epiphallus long, projecting. Australia (NSW, QLD)............................................................ A. perkinsi McAlpine View in CoL

60. Two lateral scutellar setae. Scutum yellow with one pair of very large, dark stripes ( Figs 293, 294 View FIGURES 291 – 297. 291 – 292 ) that are sometimes confluent on basal half. Papua New Guinea................................................... A. bivittatum View in CoL spec. nov.

- One lateral scutellar seta. Scutum not as above............................................................ 61

61. Notopleuron entirely yellow. Postsutural stripes not exceeding transverse suture.................................. 62

- Notopleuron laterally or entirely brown. Postsutural stripe usually exceeding suture, narrowly separated from presutural portion of stripe (more widely spaced in A. conopeum View in CoL and some male A. malayensis View in CoL ), or at least lateral 1/3 of scutum brown. 66

62. First flagellomere usually brown dorsobasally. Back of head, anterior margin of scutum and mediotergite yellow. Scutal stripes very narrow. Male (only known for A. juxtum View in CoL ; Figs 133–136 View FIGURES 131 – 136 ): epandrium entirely yellow; surstylus longer than high with circular whorl of setae on inner surface and dense comb of setae on posterior process; cercus narrow, finger-like; phallapodeme dome-like subapically; postgonite large, with anterodistal lobe and anteromedial cluster of setae..................... 63

- First flagellomere entirely yellow to white. Back of head with one pair of faint to distinct stripes. Anterior margin of scutum brown. Mediotergite brown. Epandrium brown, sometimes with distal margin yellow. Surstylus higher than wide, without posterior comb of setae. Phallapodeme rod-like with flat ventral shield. Postgonite small, lobate........................ 64

63. Scutum with one pair of very narrow supra-alar stripes ( Fig. 305 View FIGURES 298 – 306. 298 – 301 ). Scutellum yellow with small brown spot in lateral corner. Anepisternum with brown spot ( Fig. 306 View FIGURES 298 – 306. 298 – 301 ). Malaysia (Pahang).................................. A. gracile View in CoL spec. nov.

- Scutum with one pair of pointed stripes inside dorsocentral rows ( Figs 131 View FIGURES 131 – 136 ). Scutum yellow with dorsum brown. Pleuron entirely yellow ( Fig. 132 View FIGURES 131 – 136 ). Papua New Guinea.............................................. A. juxtum View in CoL spec. nov.

64. Back of head with one pair of faded brown spots. Scutal stripes narrow, faded to base and widely separated, sometimes also faded anteriorly ( Fig. 264 View FIGURES 264 – 268 ). Scutellum yellow with small brown spot in lateral corner. Anepisternum light yellow. Surstylus nearly as high as epandrium, curved, slightly sinuate ( Figs 266, 267 View FIGURES 264 – 268 ). Indonesia (E Kalimantan, Sumatra).................

................................................................................. A. suspirium spec. nov. - Back of head with one pair of strong, dark stripes. Scutal stripes large, wider and dark towards base. Scutellum brown. Anepisternum with brown spot. Surstylus narrow, straight, triangular................................................ 65

65. Scutellum brown with margins lightly mottled. Scutal stripes small, dark, well-defined, joined medially by irregular brown patch ( Figs 80, 81 View FIGURES 80 – 84 ). Surstylus long, needle-like and curved anteriorly ( Figs 82, 83 View FIGURES 80 – 84 ). Vietnam........... A. giallo View in CoL spec. nov.

- Scutellum evenly brown. Scutal stripes wide, ill-defined and narrowly separated ( Figs 200, 201 View FIGURES 200 – 204 ). Surstylus half height of epandrium, straight ( Figs 202, 203 View FIGURES 200 – 204 ). Sri Lanka.................................................... A. nyx View in CoL spec. nov.

66. Male with brown spot on anepisternum; scutum brown with yellow posteromedial stripe ( Figs 14, 15 View FIGURES 14 – 18 ). Female scutum brown with complete central yellow stripe; anepisternum with brown spot; palpus yellow. Surstylus large, broadly rounded apically, narrowest basally ( Figs 16, 17 View FIGURES 14 – 18 ). Hypandrium with large, apically truncated ventral lobe ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 14 – 18 ). Distiphallus simple, flat. Sri Lanka.............................................................................. A. asylum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Male with entirely yellow to white pleuron. Scutum of both sexes yellow with brown vittae; if scutum brown with central yellow stripe (some A. malayensis View in CoL females), then distal 1/3 of palpus, anepisternum and anepimeron brown. Surstylus and hypandrium not as above. Distiphallus complex, folded (males unknown for “female 3”)................................ 67

67. Ocellar spot larger than tubercle, subtriangular and sometimes extending nearly to anterior margin of frons ( Fig. 178 View FIGURES 173 – 183 ). At least basal third of arista white (less in holotype). Female with distal third of palpus, anepisternum and anepimeron brown. Surstylus shorter than epandrium, narrow and pointed apically ( Figs 179, 180 View FIGURES 173 – 183 ). Distiphallus dark, clavate ( Fig. 181 View FIGURES 173 – 183 ). Indonesia (E Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (Pahang)................................................. A. malayensis Sasakawa View in CoL

- Ocellar spot restricted to tubercle, rarely slightly larger. Only base of arista white. Female (only known for “female 3”) palpus and pleuron entirely yellow to white. Male: surstylus as high or higher than epandrium, subtriangular with broad apex, and posterobasal corner slightly exceeding epandrium. Distiphallus made of thinner folds.............................. 68

68. Scutal stripes entire (Figs 325, 326). Anteromedial margin of scutum margined with narrow brown line. Indonesia (Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea......................................................................... A. “female 3”

- Scutal stripes broken at suture. Anteromedial margin of scutum sometimes with thick brown line.................... 69

69. Postvertical seta absent. Scutal stripes subrectangular, narrowly separated and sometimes partially fused ( Figs 41, 42 View FIGURES 40 – 46 ). Scutellum brown with apex yellow, sometimes only around base of apical setae. Surstylus narrow apically, slightly curved anteriorly ( Figs 44, 45 View FIGURES 40 – 46 ). Paraphallus sinuate with dorsal subbasal spinules ( Fig. 46 View FIGURES 40 – 46 ). Papua New Guinea..... A. conopeum View in CoL spec. nov.

- Postvertical seta as long as ocellar tubercle. Scutal stripes narrowing anteriorly, triangular, widely separated. Scutellum brown with complete central yellow stripe, sometimes entirely brown if scutal stripes fused basally. Surstylus thicker, straight apically. Paraphallus arched, dorsally spinulose past base....................................................... 70

70. First flagellomere entirely yellow ( Fig. 189 View FIGURES 188 – 193 ). Stripes behind head fused above foramen ( Fig. 188 View FIGURES 188 – 193 ). Tergite 1 yellow or light brown. Surstylus slightly shorter than epandrium, apex broadly rounded ( Figs 191, 192 View FIGURES 188 – 193 ). Distiphallus folded, but with separate ovate sclerites in membranous lateral membrane ( Fig. 193 View FIGURES 188 – 193 ). Philippines...................... A. megastylis Sasakawa View in CoL

- First flagellomere with light brown dorsobasal spot. Stripes behind head separate. Presutural scutum sometimes with one pair of narrow stripes divided from posterior stripes at suture ( Figs 224, 225 View FIGURES 224 – 228 ). Tergite 1 brown with lateral margin yellow. Surstylus higher than epandrium, slightly pointed at apex ( Figs 226, 227 View FIGURES 224 – 228 ). Distiphallus a single folded sclerite ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 224 – 228 ). Philippines.................................................................................... A. plicatum View in CoL spec. nov.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Clusiidae

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