Carrhotus, Thorell, 1891

Satkunanathan, Abira & Benjamin, Suresh P., 2022, Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 817 (1), pp. 78-110 : 107

Key to the species of Carrhotus in Sri Lanka

1. Males (males of C. albosetosus sp. nov. unknown) .......................................................................... 2

– Females (females of C. lobatus sp. nov. unknown) .......................................................................... 6

2. PLP with two lobes ( Figs 8C , 9A ) ........................................................... Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov.

– PLP with single lobe ......................................................................................................................... 3

3. Embolus straight ............................................................................................................................... 4

– Embolus curved ................................................................................................................................ 5

4. Embolus long, acuminate, RTA as in Figs 11G–H , 12B ................ Carrhotus silanthi ( Caleb, 2020)

– Embolus short, acute, RTA as in Figs 13F , 14B ................... Carrhotus taprobanicus ( Simon, 1902)

5. Embolus tapered, RTA tapered ( Fig. 7D ) ................................ Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846)

– Embolus bow-shaped, RTA stout ( Figs 6E , 7D ) ....................................... Carrhotus atratus sp. nov.

6. CD and FD prominent ...................................................................................................................... 7

– CD and FD not prominent ................................................................................................................ 9

7. Spermathecae boat-shaped, CD hook-shaped ( Fig. 7D ) ........................... Carrhotus atratus sp. nov.

– Spermathecae kidney-shaped, CD otherwise ................................................................................... 8

8. ML prominent ( Figs 15G , 16C–D ) .......................................... Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846)

– ML less prominent ( Figs 13G , 14C–D ) ............................... Carrhotus taprobanicus ( Simon, 1902)

9. ML and CO as in Fig. 4A, D ............................................................. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov.

– ML and CO as in Fig. 12C–D ........................................................ Carrhotus silanthi ( Caleb, 2020)

Figures

Fig 4. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov. A. Epigynum, ventral view. B. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig 6. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus.C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.

Fig 7. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Epigynum ventral view. D. Vulva dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.

Fig 8. Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Palp, C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.

Fig 9. Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov., palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig 12. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020.A–B. Palp.A. Ventral view.B. Retrolateral view.C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.

Fig 13. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.

Fig 14. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.

Fig 15. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.

Fig 16. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum.C. Ventral view.D. Dorsal view.Abbreviations:AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ML = mid line; PEB = posterior epigynal border; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 11. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Palp. E–F. Ventral view; the arrows showing the embolus tip directed in clockwise (11E) or directed in apical (11F). G–H. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–H = 0.2 mm.