Trinodini Casey, 1900

Perkovsky, Evgeny E., Legalov, Andrei A. & Háva, Jiri, 2024, Trinodes puetzi Háva et Prokop (Coleoptera, Dermestidae, Trinodinae) from Klesov: first record for the Ukrainian Eocene, Ecologica Montenegrina 73, pp. 428-433 : 429-433

Tribe Trinodini Casey, 1900

Trinodes Dejean, 1821

Trinodes puetzi Háva et Prokop, 2006

Figs. 1-2 .

Material examined: male, SIZK K-13089, Klesov, Rovno amber, late Eocene. Syninclusions: SIZK K-13088: female of Sciaridae ; SIZK K-13090: Hymenoptera .

Remarks. The last antennomere is equal in length to the five preceding antennomeres, as in extant Trinodes insulanus Zhantiev, 1988 ( Lafer 1992). Body length 1.55 mm. The species is known only from the type series, holotype and one paratype (both males) from Kaliningrad Oblast ( Russia). The known larva published by Kadej & Háva (2011) probably belongs to this species. It is the first record of Trinodes puetzi for Rovno amber.

Discussion

Two of the three Rovno skin beetle species (67%) are known from Baltic amber ( Bukejs et al. 2020; Perkovsky et al. 2021, this article). This is an unusual ratio for beetles from Rovno amber, where even taking into account Nothorhina granulicollis Zang, 1905 ( Legalov et al. 2024; Vitali pers. com. 2024), only 15% of almost one hundred species of Rovno amber beetles were known from Baltic amber ( Lyubarsky et al. 2024). Apparently, large distributions are generally characteristic of skin beetles from European amber forests: both species from Bitterfeld amber, Anthrenus ambericus Háva, Prokop et Herrmann, 2006 and Attagenus balticus Háva, Prokop et Herrmann, 2008 ( Perkovsky et al. 2021), are known from Baltic amber; in total, four out of five Rovno and Bitterfeld dermestid species (80%) are known from Baltic amber. The extant genus Dermestes have a cosmopolitan distribution, so the wide distribution of their species in the Priabonian doesn't need any special explanation. In total, 16% of the Rovno amber beetle species, including Trinodes puetzi , are known from Baltic amber.

In total, 17 of the 23 known species of the genus Trinodes are reported exclusively from the Asian and African tropics ( Háva 2024). At the same time, the nature of the extant distribution of Trinodes (as well as Northern Hemisphaere species of Ranolus Blair, 1929 ) suggests that a significant proportion of the species of the genus are cryophobic organisms (see Archibald et al. 2023 and Jenkins Shaw et al. 2023), requiring primarily warm winters. The only Western Palaearctic species, Trinodes hirtus (Fabricius, 1781) , is common in central and southern Europe, but very rare even in southern England. The northernmost of two Eastern Palaearctic species distributed in temperate regions, Trinodes insulanus Zhantiev , is known from southwest of Sakhalin and Kunashir ( Lafer 1992), but is absent from Primorskii Krai, which has much colder winters. The fact that Eocene European Trinodes belong to the cryophobic taxa explains why only two Trinodes adults ( Háva & Prokop 2006) and two larvae belonging to the same species are known from the huge amount of Baltic amber material and two specimens (adult and larva) from the Rovno amber forest with a warmer climate ( Sokoloff et al. 2018; Mänd et al. 2018), and in milder winters, adults and larvae of Trinodes belonging to different species (the Rovno larva is well distinguished from the Baltic one). The distribution pattern of the remaining extant genera of the tribe Trinodini is similar to that of Trinodes , so it is not surprising that in the paratropical Oise amber forest ( Colombo et al. 2020) there are six species of Trinodini and more than 30 specimens known by Kirejtshuk et al. (2010), compared to two species and five specimens in the Baltic amber forest ( Perkovsky et al. 2021). The western Palaearctic Trinodes hirtus larvae feed on cast spider exuvia and the dried remains of spider prey in cobwebs under bark; the beetle is usually associated with ancient broadleaved woodlands ( Nash 2000). It is possible that at least one amber species of Trinodes lived in a similar environment: Trinodes larvae were found in the large piece of Rovno amber with 95 syninclusions ( Turbanov et al. 2023). The composition of the inclusions indicates that the amber trap was located on the lower part of the trunk of the big old tree.

Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Kirill G. Mikhailov and Kirill V. Makarov ( Russia), Robin Kundrata ( Czechia) and anonymous reviewers for critical suggestions and valuable comments.

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Figures

Figure 1. Trinodes puetzi from Klesov. Dorsal view.

Figure 2. Trinodes puetzi from Klesov. Lateral view.