Hecalina Distant, 1908

Zahniser, James N. & Dietrich, Chris H., 2013, A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 45, pp. 1-211 : 95-97

Hecalina Distant, 1908

Fig. 28

Type genus: Hecalus Stål, 1864 .

Diagnosis

Hecalina are medium sized to large yellow, greenish, or brownish leafhoppers, sometimes with orange or reddish stripes. They are distinguished from Glossocratina by the unkeeled laterofrontal suture, gena with fine erect seta beside the laterofrontal suture, ovipositor extending far beyond the pygofer apex, and second valvula without dorsal teeth.

Description

HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown radially or longitudinally striate or shagreen. Anterior margin of head shagreen, glabrous, irregularly textured, foliaceous, with a single transverse carina, or with 2 or 3 parallel carinae. Frontoclypeus tumid or not; texture shagreen. Clypellus parallel-sided or tapering apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum distinctly narrower than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally or strongly incised laterally (nearly forming right angle); with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledges absent. Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head.

THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate; lateral margin as long as or longer than basal width of eye.

WINGS. Forewing brachypterous to macropterous; appendix restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent or present; apical venation not highly reticulate.

LEGS. Profemur with AM1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with short, stout setae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically or expanded apically, plantar setae simple, tapered.

MALE GENITALIA. Apodemes of sternite I long, as long as those of sternite II, relatively narrow. Apodemes of sternite II large, broad. Valve articulated with pygofer; with short point of articulation with pygofer. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows; anteroventral margins lobate; produced posterodorsally. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve; macrosetae scattered, irregularly arranged, or uniseriate laterally. Style broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent. Aedeagus without basal hinge; with a single shaft and gonopore; often with one or two pairs of apical or subapical processes. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, Y - or U -shaped; stem often short; articulated with aedeagus. Segment X partially retracted into pygofer.

FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with macrosetae reduced or absent. Ovipositor protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula not strongly convex; humpbacked in shape; dorsal sculpturing pattern granulose or maculose; sculpturing submarginal; with ventroapical sculpturing distinctly delimited. Second valvula gradually broadened medially or subapically; humpbacked in shape; concave ventrally; without dorsal median tooth; teeth absent.

Geography and ecology

Distribution: cosmopolitan. Hecalina are grass feeders.

Remarks

Hecalina contains 22 genera and 151 species.

Except for Hecalus , Attenuipyga , and Neoslossonia , all genera were previously unplaced to subtribe and are included here in the subtribe Hecalina . Hecalus was previously the only included genus in the subtribe ( Dmitriev 2002). Attenuipyga and Neoslossonia are transferred to Hecalina from Dorycephalini.

Included genera

Alospangbergia Evans, 1973 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Annidion Kirkaldy, 1905 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Attenuipyga Oman, 1949 placement nov. (transferred from Dorycephalini)

Bordesia de Bergevin, 1929 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Cephalius Fieber, 1875 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Clavena Melichar, 1902 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Dicyphonia Ball, 1900 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Epicephalius Matsumura, 1908 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Hecalocratus Evans, 1966 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Hecalus Stål, 1864

Hecalusina He, Zhang & Webb, 2008 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Jiutepeca Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Linnavuoriella Evans, 1966 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Lualabanus Linnavuori, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Memnonia Ball, 1900 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Neohecalus Linnavuori, 1975 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Neoslossonia Van Duzee, 1909 placement nov. (transferred from Dorycephalini)

Parabolocratalis Evans, 1955 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Psegmatus Fieber, 1875 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Reuteriella Signoret, 1879 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Spangbergiella Signoret, 1879 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Thomsoniella Signoret, 1880 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Hecalini )

Figures

Fig. 28. Hecalini (Hecalina). A–B, D–I. Hecalus hamiltoni sp. nov. C. Hecalus viridis (Uhler, 1877). J. Attenuipyga platyrhynchus (Osborn, 1894). A1, ♂. A2, ♀. A–I. Standard views (see Material & Methods). J. Ventral views of sternites I and II. s1ap = apodeme of sternite I, s2ap = apodeme of sternite II.