Bahitini, 2013

Zahniser, James N. & Dietrich, Chris H., 2013, A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 45, pp. 1-211 : 47-50

Bahitini tribe nov.

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Fig. 12

Type genus: Bahita Oman, 1938 .

Diagnosis

Bahitini are medium to large sized, robust leafhoppers, often brown in color. They can be identified by the head as wide as or wider than the pronotum, crown usually short and broad and often with the anterior margin distinctly upturned, raised, or with several transverse carinae, the clypellus widening apically, parallel-margined, or distinctly tumid and tapering apically, the forewing often with strongly pigmented reflexed costal veins, the pygofer often with processes, and the aedeagus often with apical processes.

Description

HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum; head usually short and broad. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae. Anterior margin of head with one to several transverse carinae or striae, or shagreen; usually upturned or distinctly elevated above discal portion of crown. Frontoclypeus not tumid or somewhat tumid; texture shagreen. Clypellus tapering apically, parallel-sided, or widening apically; sometimes bulbous and tumid; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum subequal to or wider than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledges absent or weakly developed (carinate or weakly carinate). Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head.

THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye.

WINGS. Forewing macropterous; appendix restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; veins often heavily marked with brown coloration; often with or sometimes without pigmented reflexed costal veins; sometimes with extra reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent or present; apical venation not highly reticulate.

LEGS. Profemur with AM1 seta only or rarely with an extra macroseta basad of AM1; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with short, stout setae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered.

MALE GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer; lateral margin short, articulating with pygofer at a point. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows; often with one or more spines or processes arising ventrally. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve; macrosetae uniseriate laterally, sometimes with few other scattered macrosetae. Style broadly bilobed basally; median anterior lobe pronounced. Aedeagus with single shaft and gonopore; often with pair of apical processes. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, Y -shaped, or rarely with anterior arms closely appressed (e.g., Menosoma ); articulated with aedeagus.

FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern strigate; sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula broad, gradually tapered; with or without dorsal median tooth; teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped.

Geography and ecology

Distribution: Neotropical and Nearctic regions. This group is particularly diverse in Neotropical forested habitats.

Remarks

Bahitini contains 25 genera and 166 species. This is an exclusively New World group as currently understood. Although the structure of the head, particularly the presence of more than one transverse carina or striation at the anterior margin of the crown, gives some members of this group a superficial resemblance to the Old World tribe Selenocephalini , our phylogenetic analyses did not indicate a close relationship between these groups. Some other New World athysanine genera are similar in having the anterior margin of the head upturned and with reflexed costal veins (e.g., Lajolla , Bardana , Acunasus ) but these are generally more elongate, more slender and/or have a more produced head which might suggest that they are more related to the Platymetopius / Twiningia group. More detailed analyses of the relationships of the genera of Athysanini may indicate whether some of these should be included into this tribe. Benibahita was included in the Bahita -group by Linnavuori & DeLong (1978b) but is excluded here, as it appears to be more closely related to Yungasia ( Athysanini ; similar color pattern, with head narrower than pronotum, more slender in shape smaller in size than Bahitini). Angubahita DeLong is excluded based on its small size and absence of other characteristics of the group. The phylogenetic analyses presented here resolved a monophyletic group including representatives of Bahita , Caruya , Kinrentius , Menosoma , Taperinha , and Oxycephalotettix . Further taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the Neotropical deltocephaline fauna may refine the circumscription of this group.

Selected references

Linnavuori & DeLong (1978b), Zanol (1999).

Included genera

Bahita Oman, 1938 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Brincadorus Oman, 1938 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Caruya Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Chonosina Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Concepciona Linnavuori & DeLong, 1977 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Frequenamia DeLong, 1947 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Hecaloidia Osborn, 1923 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Huachia Linnavuori, 1959 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Ilagia Kramer & DeLong, 1968 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Kinrentius Wei, Dietrich & Webb, 2010 placement nov. (previously unplaced in Deltocephalinae )

Kyra Zanol, 2011 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Megabahita Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Menosoma Ball, 1931 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Oxycephalotettix Zahniser, 2005 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Parabahita Linnavuori, 1959 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Perubahita Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Rineda Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Saadevra McKamey, 2003 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Sanestebania Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Serridonus Linnavuori, 1959 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Sinchonoa Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Suarezilinna McKamey, 2003 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Taperinha Linnavuori, 1959 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Tingopyx Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Yuraca Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978 placement nov. (transferred from Athysanini )

Figures

Fig. 12. Bahitini. A–B, D–I. Bahita infuscata (Osborn, 1923). C. Bahita mimica Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978. A–I. Standard views (see Material & Methods).