Paratetrapedia punctata, Aguiar & Melo, 2011

Aguiar, Antonio J. C. & Melo, Gabriel A. R., 2011, Revision and phylogeny of the bee genus Paratetrapedia Moure, with description of a new genus from the Andean Cordillera (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 351-442 : 391-397

PARATETRAPEDIA PUNCTATA SP. NOV.

( FIGS 8, 26 , 48, 70 , 98, 132 , 173, 174 )

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia punctata can be distinguished by its protuberant supraclypeal area ( Figs 8, 48), frons with very coarse punctures, terga with fine dense punctures (1 pd), and posterior margin of male S3 mostly glabrous (in some species with fine long appressed hairs).

The distribution of P. punctata is closely associated to the savannahs of central Brazil (Cerrado), including marginal areas of Cerrado in southern and northern Brazil (respectively, Paraná’s grasslands and lowland areas in Amapá state). Two nests of this species have been found: one in a rotten branch of Caryocar brasiliensis , a common Cerrado tree (A. J. C. A., pers. observ.), and another in an exposed piece of dead root in an area covered by open grasslands in the Vila Velha State Park, Paraná (G. A. R. M. & R. B. Gonçalves, pers. observ.). This seems to indicate that this species is well adapted to nonforested habitats.

Description

Holotype male: Body length: 8.5; maximum head width: 3.1; fore wing length (including tegula): 9.0. Colour. Integument mostly black. Mandible yellow with apex black; labrum pale yellow; clypeus black with yellow stripes on lateral margins and lower margin; supraclypeal area with small yellow spot on disc; paraocular area with thin long yellow stripe; scape mostly yellow, pedicel and flagellomeres black ( Fig. 48). Wing membrane black infumate, with dense black microtrichia; veins and pterostigma orange yellow. Tibial spurs mostly white. Pubescence. Mostly white, except vertex, mid and hind legs, margins of T5–T6 with pubescence mostly black; mesoscutum and scutellum with pale brown plumose pubescence. Mandible with long pale hairs, about 1.2¥ mandible width on base. Paraocular area and genal area with dense white short plumose pubescence. Scape with long setae on inner surface, about 0.3 mm in length. Mesoscutum and scutellum with short plumose pale brown pubescence; metapostnotum with short stout plumose hairs (about 0.1 mm in length); mesepisternum ventrally with dense white plumose pubescence. T4 with marginal hair band occupying about one third of margin laterally; T5–T6 with dense marginal hair band of plumose hairs throughout its margin; S2 with short row of simple setae on mid portion ( Fig. 26 ); S3 with two small rows of decumbent thin simple hairs on mid portion and long plumose hairs laterally; S4 and S5 typical of genus; S6 with two rows of stout plumose hairs on margin laterally and short plumose hairs on margin of apex. Hind leg with pubescence mostly black; scopa of tibia and basitarsus of hind leg with dense plumose white hairs on apical portion. Integument sculpture. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with dense and contiguous coarse punctures (<0.5 pd), intermingled amongst sparse minute punctures (> 2 pd); frons with dense and contiguous very coarse punctures (<0.5–1 pd) ( Fig. 8); mesoscutum with dense fine punctures (0.5 pd), intermingled amongst sparse coarse punctures (2 pd); scutellum with dense fine punctures (1 pd), intermingled amongst coarse punctures (<0.5–3 pd); metapostnotum with dense minute punctures (<0.5–1 pd), intermingled amongst sparse coarse punctures on disc (1–2 pd); mesepisternum laterally with dense coarse punctures (<0.5 pd). Terga with dense fine punctures (1 pd); terga with thin portion of margin smooth. Structure. Upper portion of supraclypeal area projected, with trapezoidal aspect ( Figs 8, 48). Lamella of pronotal collar acute throughout its length. Scutellum disc weakly biconvex; mid line sulcate on posterior margin. Hind basitarsus with short carina, weakly conspicuous, on proximal third of anterior margin. Head about 1.2¥ broader than long (2.4: 3.1); ratio of lower to upper interocular distance: 0.76 (1.3: 1.7); clypeus about 1.8¥ broader than long (1.3: 0.7); scape: length 0.8; maximum width 0.25; length of F1–F3: 0.27, 0.17, 0.22; diameter of F2: 0.22.

Paratype female: Body length: 9.0; maximum head width: 3.0; fore wing length (including tegula): 8.0. Colour. Similar to male, except for face without yellow marks; mandible mostly black. Pubescence. Similar to male, except for mesoscutum with sparse simple short setae; T4 with marginal hair band incomplete, with one small band on mid portion of margin and two other small bands laterally; T5–T6 with marginal band of short plumose hairs occupying whole margins. Integument sculpture. Similar to male, except for punctures denser; terga with dense fine punctures on disc (<1–2 pd), sparse punctures on lateral portions (> 1 pd) and marginal zone smooth. Structure. Similar to male, with supraclypeal area projected. Scutellum disc weakly convex, almost flat; profile weakly truncate. Head about 1.3¥ broader than long (3.0: 2.3); ratio of lower to upper interocular distance: 0.75 (1.35: 1.75); clypeus about 2.0¥ broader than long (0.67: 0.32); scape: length 0.8, maximum width 0.2; length of F1–F3: 0.25, 0.12, 0.17; diameter of F2: 0.25.

Variation: The yellow marks on head can be larger or completely absent. The pubescence of tibia and basitarsus of hind leg can vary between completely orange yellow to mostly black, usually with apical portion white. The scutellum can vary from almost flat, convex, to biconvex with mid line strongly sulcate. The colour of the tibial spurs and of the pubescence of terga and sterna can vary between black and white. The decumbent hairs on mid portion of S3 can be entirely absent or can form two decumbent rows of fine hairs. The marginal band on T4 of females can be complete or almost absent. The specimens from Maranhão and Amapá have smaller body size and metasoma pale brown, almost yellow.

Etymology: The species name refers to the densely punctate integument.

Distribution: Brazil: Amapá, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo ( Fig. 70 ).

Type material: Holotype male, ‘DZUP\ 023496’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Serra do Salitre,\ RPPN Cachoeira\ do Campo; 30.xii.2004 \ AJCAguiar’. Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amapá: 1 male (IEPA), ‘Brazil- AP\ Ressaca do Curiaú\ N00:08:45.0/W 51:02:28.6\ 06/V/2002 \ Charton’; 1 male (IEPA), ‘Brazil-Amapá\ Dist. de Fazendinha\ Campus do INPA\ Ambiente de mata\ 2003\ J. Madson’; 1 female (IEPA), ‘Brazil- AP\ Ressaca do Curralinho\ N 00:07:55,1/W 51:06:48,6\ 08/V/2002 \ C.Henrique\ J. Chaves’; 1 female (IEPA), ‘Brazil-AP\ Ressaca do Coração\ Escola Agrícola\ 10/V/2002 \ (10:30 às 12 hs)\ Charton’; 1 female (IEPA), ‘Brazil-Amapá\ Município de Macapá\ Lagoa dos Índios\ Coleta com Rede\ 23/VIII/2002 \ J.Chaves’; 2 females (IEPA), Ressaca Jardim\ 15/XI/01\ sobre flores\ R. Frazão’; Bahia: 1 female (UEFS), ‘ Brazil, Bahia, 12 km \ a NE de Palmeiras,\ base do Morro do\ Pai Inácio, 4.v.2000,\ Gabriel A.R. Melo’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022309’ ‘ Brazil, Bahia, 12 km \ a NE de Palmeiras,\ base do Morro do\ Pai Inácio, 4.v.2000,\ Gabriel A.R. Melo’; 1 female (UEFS), ‘ BRAZIL, BA, Lençóis\ 28-29, iv-1999 \ Lg. Gisele’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022252’ ‘Lençois\ Bahia \ Brazil 18.II.1988 ’ ‘Col: P296 8:40’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022263’ ‘Lençois-BA\ 23-III-88\ Celso F. Martins’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023268’ ‘Rio de Contas\ Bahia Brazil \ 21.03.1980 \ F.P. Benton\ perto barragem’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022260’ ‘Rio de Contas-BA\ 24.IV.1976 \ Enoque&C.Elias col’; Distrito Federal: 1 male (DBAI), ‘1025’ ‘ BRAZIL DF\ Reserva do IBGE\ RIP Freitas & GS Freitas\ 10/XII/1996 ’ ‘ Paratetrapedia sp. AR 5\ det. RIP Freitas’, 4 males and 6 females (DBAI), idem except ‘1028’, ‘3848’, ‘3824’, ‘3825’, ‘3879’, ‘3889’, ‘3833’, ‘3866’, ‘3850’; 1 male (DBAI), ‘2220’ ‘ BRAZIL DF\ Reserva do IBGE\ RIP Freitas & GS Freitas\ 27/IX/1996 ’, 2 females (DBAI), idem except ‘2240’, ‘2120’; 16 males and 6 females (DBAI), idem except ‘3958’ ‘ 16/XII/1996 ’, ‘3959’, ‘3946’, ‘2796’ ‘ 12/X/1996 ’; ‘1035’ ‘ 29/VIII/1996 ’, ‘1028’ ‘ 29/VIII/1996 ’, ‘2524’ ‘ 04/X/1996 ’, ‘2484’ ‘ 04/X/1996 ’, ‘2434’ ‘ 04/X/1996 ’, ‘124’ ‘ 02/VIII/1996 ’, ‘2672’ ‘ 08/X/1996 ’, ‘3649’ ‘ 25/XI/ 1996 ’, ‘3598’ ‘ 14/XI/1996 ’, ‘1592’ ‘ 13/IX/1996 ’; ‘2302’ ‘ 30/IX/1996 ’, ‘565’ ‘ 22/VIII/1996 ’, ‘561’ ‘ 22/VIII/1996 ’; ‘2902’ ‘ 22/X/1996 ’, ‘2896’ ‘ 22/X/1996 ’, ‘2895’ ‘ 22/X/1996 ’, ‘2892’ ‘ 22/X/1996 ’; ‘ 19/X/1996 ’ ‘2868’, ‘ 19/X/1996 ’ ‘2816’; 1 female (DBAI), ‘ BRAZIL DF\ Reserva do IBGE\ RIP Freitas & GS Freitas\ 29/X/1996 ’ ‘3195’ ‘ Paratetrapedia sp. AR 5\ det. RIP Freitas’, 1 female (DBAI), idem except ‘3222’; 1 female (DBAI), ‘ BRAZIL DF\ Reserva do IBGE\ RIP Freitas & GS Freitas\ 12/IX/ 1996 ’ ‘1543’ ‘ Paratetrapedia sp. AR 5\ det. RIP Freitas’; 6 females (DBAI), idem except ‘ 08/XI/1996 ’ ‘3471’, ‘ 14/VII/1996 ’ ‘396’, ‘ 12/IX/1996 ’ ‘3110’ ‘ 12/IX/ 1996 ’ ‘3706’, ‘ 19/X/1996 ’ ‘2834’, ‘ 02/XII/1996 ’ ‘3717’; 1 female (DBAI), ‘ BRAZIL DF\ Pq Nacional de Brasília\ RIP Freitas & GS Freitas\ 25/IX/1996 ’ ‘2114’ ‘ Paratetrapedia sp. AR 5\ det. RIP Freitas’; 2 females (DZUP), ‘BRAZILIA\ Água Limpa\ 6-5- 1978 \ coll. A.Raw’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘ 11-11-1977 ’; 2 females (DBAI), ‘Faz Água Limpa\ UNB/Brasília-DF\ 03/12/1988 \ col. A.Raw’; 2 females (DZUP), ‘BRAZILIA\ Lago Sul\ 15.7.1977 \ coll. A. Raw\ MUDB’ ‘ Peixotoa \ Malpighiaceae’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘BRAZILIA\ Lago Sul\ 20.3.1977 \ coll. A. Raw\ MUDB’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brasília\ Cab. de Veado\ 23.10.82\ A.Raw 19’ ‘ Tetrapterys \ ambigna ’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘Brasília\ Cab. de Veado\ 9.10.82\ A.Raw 19’ ‘ Tetrapterys \ ambigna ’ ‘ Banisteriopsis ’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘Brasília\ A. Limpa\ 25-II-79’ ‘estava dormindo qdo coletada’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘Brasília\ Lago Norte\ 5.4.83 A.Raw’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘BRAZILIA\ P. Norte\ 10.II.1977 \ coll. A. Raw’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘BRAZILIA\ P. Norte\ 10.11.1977 \ coll. A. Raw\ Pena Norte’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp.5’; 1 male and 3 females (DZUP), ‘DZUP\ 023497’ ‘ Brazil, Distrito Federal,\ Brasília, MSPW,\ 24.xii.2004 AJCAguiar’, 3 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023459’, ‘023466’, ‘023468’; Goiás: 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022838’ ‘ 15-17-II-2004, 7 Km N\ Alto Paraíso, Goiás \ 1300-1550 m, Mielke\ & Casagrande leg.’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022903’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘ Brazil:GO\ Ch. Veadeiros\ 18.04.97\ Raw,A’ ‘Cerrado\ Alto Paraíso’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023684’ ‘Dianópolis-GO\ Brazil 12-III-62\ FM Oliveira leg’, 4 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023668’, ‘023671’, ‘023677’, ‘023681’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Itaberaí do\ Sul- GO. BRAZIL \ 11-I-1971 \ Col. Y.Terada’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023675’ ‘Jataí GO\ Brazil XI 63\ M. Alvarenga’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘023688’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022280’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, 11 km SE de\ Campos Belos, 13°07 ′ 32 ′ S\ 46°44 ′ 29 ′ W, 650 m, 04.iv.2003,\ Melo, Aguiar, Marchi e\ Gonçalves, em cerradão sobre\ massapé, em Hyptis’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023249’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás,\ 12 Km N de Cavalcante,\ 13°41 ′ 32 ′ S47°28 ′ 08 ′ W,\ 1130 m, 03.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves,\ em Malphiguiaceae 5’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022273’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023258’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, 2 Km W de\ Teresina de Goiás,\ Fazenda Santa Tereza, 13°47 ′ 43 ′ S 47°17 ′ 39 ′ W,\ 800 m, 02.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves’; 1 male (DZUP), ‘ Brazil: GO\ Ch. Veadeiros\ 0507.12.1996\ Boaventura,\ Freitas&Freitas’ ‘8’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ sp1’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022274’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos\ Veadeiros, Vale Dourado,\ 14°11 ′ S 47°37 ′ W, 1200 m,\ 31.iii.2003, Melo, Aguiar,\ Marchi e Gonçalves’, 2 males and 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘023266’, ‘023267’, ‘023256’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023253’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos\ Veadeiros, Vale Dourado,\ 14°12 ′ S \ 47°37 ′ W, 1100 m, 30.iii.2003, Melo, Aguiar,\ Marchi e Gonçalves’, 5 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023250’ to ‘023252’, ‘023254’, ‘022281’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023264’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros\ Fazenda Templo Terra,\ Vale Dourado,\ 14°10 ′ 38 ′ S 47°38 ′ 33 ′ W,\ 1200 m, 01.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves’, 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023265’, ‘023257’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023261’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, Chapada dos\ Veadeiros, Alpes Goianos,\ 13°53 ′ 59 ′ S 47°23 ′ 49 ′ W,\ 1300 m, 05.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves’, 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023263’, ‘023262’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022273’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás,\ 12 Km N de Cavalcante,\ 13°41 ′ 32 ′ S47°28 ′ 08 ′ W,\ 1130, 03.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves\ em Malpighiaceae 5’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘023249’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023248’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás,\ 15 Km N de Cavalcante,\ 13°39 ′ 17 ′ S47°28 ′ 31 ′ W,\ 1140 m, 03.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023259’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás,\ 20 Km N de Cavalcante,\ 13°37 ′ 40 ′ S47°29 ′ 20 ′ W,\ 1220 m, 03.iv.2003, Melo,\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘023260’; 1 male (MPEG), ‘ Brazil GO\ São Domingos\ Fazenda CIPASA\ 18-IX a 2-X-93’ ‘Dionisio Pimentel’ ‘Malaise’ ‘ Hymenoptera : Apocrita\ Aculeata:\ Apoidea:\ Apidae :\ Incorp: 17/VII/2002 ’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023255’ ‘ Brazil, Goiás, 24 Km NE de\ Teresina de Goiás,\ 13°34 ′ 53 ′ S47°11 ′ 07 ′ W,\ 450 m, 05.iv.2003, Melo\ Aguiar, Marchi e Gonçalves’; Maranhão: 1 female (LEA), ‘Chapadinha-MA\ Brazil 23/V/94\ Brito & Rego Leg\ 0492’ ‘Pl. no. 027 F\ Hr. 10-12’, ‘ Paratetrapedia sp2 ’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022266’ ‘Imperatriz-MA\ Brazil-20-II-62\ F.M. Oliveira’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022261’; Mato Grosso: 2 males (DZUP), ‘ MATO GROSSO \ Barra das Garças\ 19-4-1978 \ coll. A. Raw’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022310’ ‘Cáceres, MT\ 11.XII.1984 \ C.Elias leg.\ Polonoroeste’; 2 males and 4 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022316’ ‘12.18. XI.1984 ’, ‘022323’ ‘ 24.XII.1984 ’, ‘022318’ ‘ 27.III.1985 ’, ‘022305’ ‘ 3.III.1985 ’, ‘022312’ ‘ 7.II.1985 ’, ‘022320’ ‘ 7.II.1985 ’, ‘022241’ ‘ 9.I.1985 ’, ‘022321’ ‘ 9.I.1985 ’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022314’ ‘Chapada MT\ Brazil 27-X-61\ F.M. Oliveira leg’, 4 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022306’, ‘022308’, ‘022317’, ‘022319’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022322’ ‘Chapada MT\ Brazil XI-63\ M. Alvarenga’; 1 female (IBAI), ‘Ch. Guimarães-MT\ Manso\ I.R.D. Rocha\ 3.12.88’; 1 female (DBAI), idem except ‘10.12.88’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022307’ ‘Chap. Guimarães-MT\ 28.III- IV.1983 \ Exc. Dep. Zool.-UFPR\ (Polonoroeste)’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022311’ ‘Chapada dos\ Guimarães, MT\ 8-I-1987 \ C. Elias, leg.’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022300’ ‘Chapada de Guimarães\ MT-Brazil 1-4-II-65\ Sebastião Laroca leg’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022299’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022303’ ‘Rosário Oeste\ MT Brazil XI-63\ M. Alvarenga leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022304’ ‘São Félix M.Grosso\ Brazil 21-28/VII/68\ C. Elias leg’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘Serra das Araras-MT\ Brazil 19.27- IX-1987 ’ ‘SD 21,57°14 ′ W, 15°27 ′ S \ Gimenes leg. 871130’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022242’ ‘Serra do Roncador\ R.S. Base Camp.-MT\ Brazil- 17/7/ 1968 \ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘ Brazil.MT.BR 364, Km7\ Serra de São Vicente \ 15o30 ′ S / 55o12 ′ W \ 5,8. II.1997 -M.L. Oliveira’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022315’ ‘ Serra Roncador \ MT-R.S. Base Camp\ Brazil- 13/7/1968 \ Laroca & Azevedo’; Mato Grosso do Sul: 1 male and 1 female (SEMC), ‘Rio Caraguata\ Matto Grosso \ III-53 Brazil \ F. Plaumann’; Minas Gerais: 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022253’ ‘Araxá-MG-Brazil\ 20-V-1965 \ C. &T.Elias leg’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022295’ ‘ARAXÁ-MG-BRAZIL\ 5-IX-1965 \ C. & T. Elias leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023686’ ‘Barbacena-MG\ Brazil 14-16-II-62\ M. Alvarenga leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 22286’ ‘Coleção\ Campos Seabra’ ‘Belo Horizonte\ M.Gerais Brazil \ VIII-1961 \ F.M.Oliveira’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022292’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022283’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Brumadinho, Serra da\ Moeda, 18.iv.1998,\ 20°05 ′ S 43°59 ′ W,\ 1400 m G.A.R.Melo’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022244’ ‘Campos Altos-MG\ BRAZIL 28/8/965\ C. Elias leg’; 1 female (FCVZ), ‘ BRAZIL, MG, Capitólio,\ Rio Turvu, 15.V.1999 \ 20°38 ′ S, 46°13 ′ W.\ 950 m. F. Zanella leg.’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022096’ ‘Cássia-MG\ Brazil- 13-II- 63\ Claudionor Elias’, 1 male (DZUP), idem except ‘022112’; 1 male (MNRJ), ‘M. Gerais, Brazil \ C. Rio Claro-47\ Carvalho col.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022094’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Corinto, 16-31.viii.\ 1979, C. Elias leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022251’ ‘Curvelo-MG.\ IV/1980.\ col. C.Elias’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022248’ ‘Ibiá- Brazil \ MG- 10/12/1965 \ C.Elias leg.’, 1 male (DZUP), idem except ‘022095’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022098’ ‘Ibiraci- MG\ Brazil-X-61\ C. Elias leg.’, 5 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022258’, ‘022109’, ‘022104’, ‘022101’, ‘022099’, ‘022098’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022093’ ‘Jacui- MG\ Brazil 27-XI-63\ C. Elias, leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022268’, ‘Paraopeba, MG, Brazil \ Data 06/05/1987 \ F.A. Silveira’ ‘303/785’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ no16’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022269’ ‘Paraopeba, MG, Brazil \ Data 07/06/ 1987 \ F.A. Silveira’ ‘343/886’ ‘ Paratetrapedia \ no3’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022267’ ‘147/407’ ‘Paraopeba, MG, Brazil \ Data 04/12/1986 \ F.A. Silveira’, ‘Paratetr.\ no3’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022264’ ‘277/690’ ‘Paraopeba, MG, Brazil \ Data 08/04/1987 \ F.A. Silveira’ ‘Paratetr.\ no7’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023667’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil 4-10-X 62\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 041306’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil 12 XII 63\ C. Elias leg’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022255’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil 13-18 XI-61\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022102’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil 20-25 XI 61\ C. Elias leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023465’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil 21-28 III-62\ C. Elias leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022100’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil IX 1961 \ C. Elias leg.’, 1 male and 3 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022240’, ‘023469’, ‘022108’, ‘023660’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023464’ ‘Passos MG\ Brazil VI-1961 \ C. Elias leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022106’ ‘Passos MG Brazil \ 5-10-XI 1961 \ C. Elias leg.’, 1 male and 2 females (DZUP), idem except ‘022097’, ‘023648’, ‘022103’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022105’ ‘Passos-Brazil\ M.Gerais-6/1963\ C.Elias legit’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023655’ ‘Passos-Brazil\ MG 28-31-X- 63\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023654’ ‘Passos-MG\ Brazil- 10/1963\ C. & T. Elias leg.’, 2 males (DZUP), idem except ‘023661’, ‘023664’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023113’ ‘Passos-MG\ Brazil 19-24 III-62\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022249’ ‘Patos de Minas-MG\ Brazil-23/11/965\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022257’ ‘Patrocínio-MG\ 5/10/1965 \ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022247’ ‘Perdizes-MG\ Brazil, 7-65\ C.Elias Leg’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023462’ ‘Pratápolis-MG\ Brazil 5-II- 63\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 male (AMNH), ‘ Brazil, Minas\ Gerais: Santa Vitoria\ February 1970 \ F.H. Oliveira’; ‘147/407’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022254’ ‘P. de Caldas-MG\ Brazil XI-61\ Claudionor Elias l.’; 1 male (RPSP), ‘São Roque de Minas\ MG-Brazil-SF 23\ 46°25 ′ W, 20°15 ′ S’ ‘Cerrado-12, 12/01/1992 \ Alt. 850 1000 m \ Moure, Camargo,\ Serguei, Pedro leg’ ‘920575’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022256’ ‘S.do Salito MG\ Brazil 4 IV 65\ C.Elias leg’, 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘022259’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023495’ ‘ BRAZIL, MG, Serra do\ Salitre, RPPN Cachoeira\ do Campo, 24-30.xii.2003,\ AJCAguiar leg.’, 1 male (DZUP), idem except ‘023499’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 023467’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Serra do Salitre,\ RPPN Cachoeira\ do Campo; 30.xii.2004 \ AJCAguiar’, 1 male and 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘023498’, ‘023460’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023678’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Serra do Salitre,\ RPPN Cachoeira do\ Campo, vii.2001,\ A.J.C. Aguiar’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Serra do Salitre,\ RPPN Cachoeira do\ Campo, vii.2001,\ A.J.C. Aguiar’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022271’ ‘Tapira-MG\ Brazil 27-V-65\ C. Elias leg’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022287’ ‘Uberaba MG\ Brazil x-61\ C.Elias leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022284’ ‘Uberlândia- MG\ Brazil 11.VI.93\ G.A.R.Melo’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022282’ ‘Uberlândia-MG\ Brazil, 18.02.92\ A.A.A. Barbosa’ ‘Est. Ecol. Panga\ no. 20’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022285’ ‘Uberlândia-MG\ Brazil,19.03.93\ A.A.A. Barbosa’ ‘Est. Ecol. Panga\ no. 219’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022291’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais,\ Uberlândia, Est. Ecol.\ Panga, 13.v.1993,\ Gabriel A.R.Melo’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022293’ ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais, 9km \ a SW de Capitólio,\ 22.xii.1999, G.A.R. Melo’; 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022290’ ‘Varginha MG\ Brazil IX 1961 \ Alvarenga leg’, 1 male and 4 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023666’, ‘022288’, ‘023458’, ‘023461’, ‘023463’, ‘023470’; Paraná: 1 male (AMNH), ‘ Brazil, Paraná:\ Curitiba\ February 4, 1974 ’ ‘J.G.Rozen\ R.C. Thompson\ collectors’; 1 female (DZUP), ‘ Brazil, Paraná \ 15 km a E de Tibagi,\ 24°31 ′ S 50°17 ′ W,\ 02.xi.2001,\ G.A.R. Melo’; Rio de Janeiro: 1 male, ‘DZUP\ 022313’ ‘ITATIAIA GB\ Brazil V 61\ F.M. Oliveira’; Rondônia: 1 female (RPSP), ‘ Brazil. Rondônia \ Guajara Mirim\ Sa. Pacaas Novos’ 16/junho/1995\ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘PN0210’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil-RO.\ Guajara Mirim.\ Pacaás Novos.’ ‘Data 22/10/1995 \ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘PN0002’; 1 female (RPSP), ‘Brazil-RO.\ Guajara Mirim.\ Pacaás Novos.’ ‘Data 16/VI/1995 \ M.L. Oliveira’ ‘PN0260’; 1 male (MPEG), ‘Vilhena\ 23-2-1961 ’ ‘ Brazil, RO\ J. & B.Bechyné’; 1 male and 1 female (INPA), ‘ Brazil, Rondônia \ Guajará Mirim\ Sa Pacaás Novos’ ‘ 10°48S’, 65°22 ′ W \ 12-14/X/2001 \ Oliveira, Morato &\ Cunha leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022245’ ‘Vilhena, RO\ 4.XI.1986 \ C.Elias leg.\ POLONOROESTE’; 1 female (DZUP), idem except ‘023270’ ‘ 4/12/1986 ’; São Paulo: 1 male (SM), ‘Cerrado- Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 27 IX 1992, no. 2520\ h: 10-12, Mateus S. leg.’, 2 males (SM), idem except ‘2519’, ‘2513\ h: 14–16’; 1 female (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 9 XII 1992, no. 2531\ h: 14–16, Mateus S. leg.’, 2 females (SM), idem except ‘2584 h: 10–12’, ‘2582 h: 8–10’; 1 females (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 16 III 1993, no. 2888\ h: 8–10, Mateus S. leg.’, 1 female (SM), idem except ‘2898’; 1 female (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 27 IX 1993, no. 2489\ h: 8–10, Mateus S. leg.’, 1 female (SM), idem except ‘2514 h: 10–12’; 1 female (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 03 XI 1992, no. 2477\ h: 8–10, Mateus S. leg.’, 1 female (SM), idem except ‘2476’; 1 male (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí- SP.\ BR 19 IV 1993, no. 2996\ h: 10–12, Mateus S. leg.’; 1 male (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 19 XII 1991, no. 0389\ h: 8–10, Mateus S. leg.’; 1 male (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 20 I 1993, no. 2709\ h: 8–10, Mateus S. leg.’; 1 male (SM), ‘Cerrado- Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 22 XII 1992, no. 2611\ h: 10–12, Mateus S. leg.’; 1 female (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 06 IV 1993, no. 2935\ h: 10–12, Mateus S. leg.’; 1 male (SM), ‘Cerrado-Est. Ecol. Jataí-SP.\ BR 07 I 1993, no. 2677\ h: 14–16, Mateus S. leg.’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023647’ ‘Pedregulho-SP\ Brazil 8-XI-62\ Claudionor Elias’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 023000’ ‘Rifaina-Brazil\ SP- 28/10/1965 \ C.Elias leg.’, 5 females (DZUP), idem except ‘023685’, ‘023679’, ‘023678’, ‘023676’, ‘023673’; 1 female, ‘DZUP\ 022243’ ‘Rifaina-SP\ Brazil \ 20-IX-1965 \ C. Elias leg.’; 1 female (SEMC), ‘ BRAZIL: São Paulo \ George Deterer\ September 1961 \ (W. Bokermann)’; 1 female

(IBUSP), ‘IB-USP-SP Brazil \ 9:20hs 25/02/03\ planta col. S. Naxara’.

PARATETRAPEDIA ROMANI ( FRIESE, 1923)

( FIGS 59, 73 , 102, 134 , 177, 178 )

Tetrapedia romani Friese 1923: 3 ; lectotype male, designated by Aguiar (2007), Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus (NHRS).

Paratetrapedia romani ; Aguiar (2007): 625.

Paratetrapedia (Paratetrapedia) romani ; Rasmussen & Ascher (2008): 90.

Comments and diagnosis: Paratetrapedia romani is the only species of the lineata group in which the male S3 lacks a deeply concave ‘U’-shaped area covered with dense short plumose pubescence. Despite this, other features clearly associate it with the lineata group: long hairs on margin of mandible, lower portion of genal area, coxa, trochanter, and lower mesepisternum of male; male S2 with one short isolated row of setae on mid portion of margin; apical portion of male S7 with lateral lobes in a weakly acute angle; male hind basitarsus with acute tooth on anterior margin; gonostyli with large lobe on basal portion; row of setae on margin of female S2–S3 forming a weakly semicircular line on mid portion ( Fig. 30 ). The female of P. romani is very similar to that of P. alsinai , being distinct by the marginal hair band of T4 occupying about one third of the margin laterally.

Distribution: Brazil: Amazonas, Pará ( Fig. 73 ).

Redescription: Lectotype male. Body length: 9.6; maximum head width: 2.9; fore wing length (including tegula): 8.8. Colour. Integument mostly orange yellow. Mandible yellow with apex black; disc of frons, upper paraocular area and vertex black; frons with thin yellow stripe on mid line, contacting supraclypeal area and mid ocellus; genal area completely yellow; scape, pedicel, and flagellomeres orange yellow. Mesoscutum black with two thin yellow stripes on lateral margins ( Fig. 59); mid portion of lateral stripe on mesoscutum weakly enlarged; scutellum yellow; axillar fossa black. Terga orange yellow; marginal zone weakly brown. Wing membrane yellow infumate; veins and pterostigma orange yellow; microtrichia orange yellow; apical third of fore wing dark because of brown microtrichia. Hind basitarsus weakly dark brown; tibial spurs white. Pubescence. Mostly pale yellow, except marginal hair bands of T3–T4 and scopa of mid and hind basitarsus with dark brown pubescence. Mandibles, lower mesepisternum, coxa, and trochanter of fore and mid legs, and low mesepisternum with long simple thin pale hairs, about two times longer than width of mandibular base. Scape with sparse pale yellow setae, c. 0.3 mm in length. Mesoscutum and scutellum with short golden yellow, sparse plumose pubescence; plumose hairs on scutellum about two times longer than on mesoscutum; metapostnotum with thin setae, weakly branched, about 0.2 mm in length. T4–T6 with dense marginal hair band of plumose pale yellow hairs occupying entire margin. S2 with short row of setae on mid portion of margin; S3 with row of short simple setae on margin, with a short interval on mid portion; S4 and S5 typical of genus; S6 with two rows of stout plumose setae on lateral margins and short plumose hairs on margin of apex. Integument sculpture. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with sparse coarse punctures (1–2 pd); frons with sparse coarse punctures (1–2 pd). Mesoscutum and scutellum with dense minute punctures (<0.5 pd), intermingled amongst sparse coarser punctures (> 2 pd); metapostnotum with sparse fine punctures (> 3 pd); mesepisternum laterally mainly with sparse coarse punctures (> 2 pd), except lower third with dense coarse punctures (1 pd). Structure. Pronotal collar with lamella acute throughout its length. Scutellum disc weakly convex. Hind basitarsus with one thin acute tooth on anterior margin. Head about 1.3¥ broader than long (2.9: 2.25); ratio of lower interocular distance to upper interocular distance: 0.82 (1.25: 1.52); clypeus about 1.9¥ broader than long (2.4: 1.35); scape: length 0.75, maximum width, 0.25; length of F1–F3: 0.2, 0.2, 0.25; diameter of F2: 0.2.

Paralectotype female: Body length: 7.9; maximum head width: 2.9; wing length (including tegula): 8.5. Colour. Similar to male, except that legs completely orange yellow. Pubescence. Similar to male, except for metapostnotum with very short hairs; T4 with marginal hair band occupying about one third of margin laterally; marginal hair band on T5–T6 with simple hairs, on T6 with golden yellow hairs. Integument sculpture. Similar to male, except antennal scrobe with dense fine punctures (1 pd); mesepisternum laterally with dense coarse punctures (0.5–2 pd); metapostnotum with dense fine punctures (1 pd), with smooth integument amongst punctures; lateral margins of metapostnotum with large smooth area. Structure. Similar to male, except for pronotal collar with lamella weakly obtuse laterally. Scutellum disc weakly convex, with profile almost in right angle. Head about 1.3¥ broader than long (2.93: 2.25); ratio of lower interocular distance to upper interocular distance: 0.9 (1.32: 1.57); clypeus about two times broader than long (1.4: 0.7); scape: length 0.8, maximum width 0.22; length of F1–F3: 0.25, 0.12, 0.18; diameter of F2: 0.22.

Variation: Most examined specimens have yellow stripes on lateral margins of mesoscutum with mid portion very enlarged ( Figs 56, 59); however, one specimen from Manaus has narrow stripes (as in Figs 57, 58). Half of the specimens have the yellow stripe on mid line of frons isolated on disc, and in the other half, the stripe contacts the yellow mark on the supraclypeal area.

Type material: Tetrapedia romani Friese ; lectotype male (NHRS): ‘Mana\ os’ ‘Amazon\ Roman’ ‘mars’ ‘ Tetrapedia \ romani \ ♂ 1920 Friese Fr. det.’; paralectotype male (NHRS): ‘Mana\ os’ ‘Amazon\ Roman’ ‘juli’ ‘romani\ ♂ 1920 Friese Fr. det.’.

Additional material: See Appendix.

Figures

Figure 70. Geographical distribution of Paratetrapedia fervida and Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.

Figure 73. Geographical distribution of Paratetrapedia alsinai sp. nov., Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov., Paratetrapedia romani, and Paratetrapedia flavifrons sp. nov.

Figures 24–29. Metasoma, ventral view, male; 24: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 25: Paratetrapedia testacea; 26: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov.; 27: Paratetrapedia lineata; 28: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; 29: Paratetrapedia duckei; scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figures 129–137. Sternum 8 (S8), male; 129: Paratetrapedia flavescens sp. nov. (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Xilitla); 130: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 131: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 132: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 133: Paratetrapedia flavifrons sp. nov. (Brazil, Rondônia, Vilhena); 134: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 135: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 136: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Três Marias); 137: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 171–184. Male genital capsule, ventral and dorsal views; 171–172: Paratetrapedia fervida (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa); 173–174: Paratetrapedia punctata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pratinha); 175–176: Paratetrapedia mexicana sp. nov. (Mexico, Jalisco, San Patricio); 177–178: Paratetrapedia romani (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 179–180: Paratetrapedia tocantinensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Goiás, Campos Belos); 181–182: Paratetrapedia flavipennis (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus); 183–184: Paratetrapedia lineata (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos); scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: lbg, lamellate inner lobe of gonapophyses.

Figures 30–33. Figs 30–31. Metasoma, ventral view, female; 30: Paratetrapedia lineata; 31: Paratetrapedia flaveola sp. nov.; scale bar = 0.5 mm. Figs 32–33. Fore margin of hind basitarsus, male; 32: Paratetrapedia volatilis; 33: Paratetrapedia fervida; scale bar = 0.5 mm.