Cryptostigma guadua Kondo & Gullan, 2004

Kondo, Takumasa, 2010, Taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous, meliponiphilous and rhizophilous soft scale genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) 2709, Zootaxa 2709, pp. 1-72 : 19-23

Cryptostigma guadua Kondo & Gullan

( Figs 1F, 6 & 7)

Cryptostigma guadua Kondo & Gullan, 2004: 717 .

Type material examined. Holotype. Adult ♀. PERU: Madre de Dios, Parque Nacional Manu, Estación Biológica de Cocha Cashu , 11°54’S, 71°22’W, c. 350 m. a.s.l., -. vi.2003, coll. D.W. Davidson, ex bamboo (Guadua sp.), inside nest of Camponotus mirabilis , 1 (1) ( MUSM) . Paratypes. Same data as holotype 13 (13: 3 adult ♀ + 5 second-instar nymphs + 5 first-instar nymphs) ( BME, UNAD, USNM) ; same data as holotype but c. 400 m. a.s.l., 8.x.2001, No. cc-01-120, 3 (3: 3 first-instar nymphs) ( UNAD, USNM) ; same data as holotype but 31.v.2003, No. 03-043, tended by Pseudocolobopsis sp. 3 (3: 2 adult ♀ + 1 third-instar nymph) ( BME, UNAD) ; same data as holotype but 11°54’S, 71°22’W, c. 400 m. a.s.l., 13.xi.2001, No. cc-01-140 & cc-01-157, inside nest of Camponotus longipilis , 4 (4) ( UNAD) ; Tambopata Research Center on Rio Tambopata , -. ii.2002, coll. D.W. Davidson, No. 01-TRC-01, ex bamboo, 2 (2: 1 adult female + 1 pharate adult ♀) ( UNAD) .

Adult female ( Figs 1F & 6)

Unmounted material. Color variable, live specimens often reddish with a yellow tinge. Dorsum of specimens preserved in alcohol pale orange to yellowish-brown, ventral surface pinkish. Dorsal surface covered by a thin clear waxy layer, easily detached in alcohol, wax of a flaky texture. Stigmatic cleft and anal cleft very deep; stigmatic sclerotizations and anal plates clearly marked and light brown to dark brown in color.

Mounted material. Body outline broadly oval, margins smooth or irregular, 3.8–10.1 mm long, 4.0–9.0 mm wide (n=12).

Dorsum. Derm membranous, with numerous circular or constricted sclerotic pores; abundant towards body margin; each pore 13–100 µm wide, sclerotic pores near body margin generally larger and often with constricted margins; density of sclerotic pores highly variable between specimens, ranging from very scarce to dense, but always fewer on mid dorsum. Dorsal setae each 7–18 µm long, sharply or bluntly spinose, each seta on a small dorsal sclerotic plate, each 5–18 µm wide; present evenly on dorsum. Preopercular pores each about 10–15 µm wide, tubercle-like, present on mid-dorsum anterior and laterad to anal plates. Dorsal microducts each about 3 µm wide, numerous, scattered on dorsum, with a very long and usually slightly sclerotized outer ductule; those near margin often longer; inner ductule about as long as or longer than outer ductule. Sclerotic crescent present around anal plates. Anal plates together pyriform, occasionally quadrate, with rounded angles; each plate 133–183 µm long, 55–80 µm wide, anterolateral margin 103–145 µm long, posterolateral margin 75–103 µm long; with 10–16 setae on dorsal surface of each plate; plates located about 1/3–1/4 of body length from posterior margin. Anal ring with 10 setae. Eyes absent.

Margin. Marginal setae not differentiated. Stigmatic clefts very deep, forming a conical stigmatic sclerotization; each cleft 480–680 µm long, opening 270–460 µm wide. Stigmatic setae usually hard to detect, although 3 short conical swellings often present on outer margin of stigmatic sclerotization suggesting the presence of stigmatic setae.

Venter. Derm membranous. Ventral setae slender, straight or slightly bent, those on abdominal segments usually longer, each 20–43 µm; those near margins shorter, each 7–15 µm long. Interantennal setae about 3 pairs. Ventral microducts each about 3 µm wide, scattered evenly on venter. Tubular ducts absent. Clypeolabral shield 305–335 µm wide. Multilocular disc-pores each 7–10 µm wide with 3–8 (mostly 6 or 7) loculi, abundant around vulva and present on all abdominal segments; pores also present around metathoracic legs in a line to posterior spiracle. Spiracular disc-pores each 6–8 µm wide with 3–8 (mostly 5) loculi, some extending anteriorly towards mesothoracic legs. Antennae very small, 45–65 µm long, apparently 1 segmented, represented by a flattened segment bearing about 14–15 setae. Legs greatly reduced, represented by a rudimentary claw, several setae, and associated pores, total length 45–65 µm. Spiracles much larger than legs, located far from body margin; each anterior spiracular peritreme 113–143 µm wide, each posterior peritreme 125–160 µm wide.

Diagnosis. The adult female of C. guadua can be diagnosed by the following features: (i) dorsum with numerous small sclerotic pores, (ii) presence of a deep, cone-shaped stigmatic sclerotization, (iii) presence of tubercle-like preopercular pores, (iv) with 10–16 setae on dorsal surface of each anal plate, (v) multilocular disc-pores present on all abdominal segments, surrounding the spiracles and including a group which forms a line from each mesothoracic leg to the posterior spiracle, and (vi) absence of ventral tubular ducts.

First-instar nymph ( Fig. 7).

Unmounted material. Not available for study.

Mounted material. Elongate oval; recently eclosed or early settled nymphs 1.2–1.6 mm long, 0.9–1.4 mm wide (n=4), fully-grown nymphs 1.8–2.2 mm long, 1.6–1.9 mm wide (n=4).

Dorsum. Dorsal derm membranous, tesselated on some specimens, with segmentation delineated by membranous folds. Dorsal setae present in 2 submedian parallel rows, each seta about 15 µm long, setae on head region usually present, other dorsal setae often broken off or undetectable. Trilocular pore present on each side of head near margin close to eye. Dorsal microducts each about 2 µm wide, numerous over dorsum. Simple pores about 3–5 µm wide, those closer to body margin slightly smaller. Anal plates together pyriform, each plate 165–180 µm long, 70–80 µm wide, anterolateral margin 138–163 µm long, posterolateral margin 48–85 µm long; dorsal surface of shingled texture, with 1 seta on anterior part of plate plus 4 apical setae; ventral surface with 1 fringe seta. Anal ring as in generic diagnosis.

Margin. Outline smooth. Marginal setae of 2 types; dorsal marginal setae sharply spinose, total number 133–160, with 15–20 anteriorly between eyes, and on each side, 10–15 between each eye and anterior stigmatic setae, 16–23 between each group of anterior and posterior stigmatic setae, and 29–49 between posterior stigmatic setae and anal cleft; ventral marginal setae flagellate, more numerous than dorsal marginal setae, each 63–90 µm long.

Venter. Ventral derm membranous, with microtrichia present on abdominal segments. Mid-ventral setae flagellate, each 75–100 µm long, present on all segments posterior to mouthparts, with 4–8 setae per segment. Submarginal ventral setae similar to ventral marginal setae, in 6 pairs on each side of abdomen, about 7 setae between each anterior and posterior spiracle, and 1 seta between each antennal scape and anterior spiracular furrow. Stigmatic setae each sharply spinose, short, each seta 15–20 µm long, subequal in length; anterior stigmatic setae in a group of 3 or 4 setae, posterior stigmatic setae in a group of 4 or 5 setae. Interantennal setae in 3 or 4 pairs. Ventral microducts each 2–3 µm wide, with a very long inner ductule; numerous around body margin and in a transverse row posterior to mouthparts and hind coxae. Spiracular disc-pores each about 5 µm wide with 5–7 (mostly 5)-loculi, with 12–18 pores per spiracular furrow. Clypeolabral shield 180–214 µm wide. Legs well developed, with numerous setae; trochanter + femur 215–245 µm long, tibia + tarsus 235–265 µm long, microctenidia not visible on tibial apex. Tarsal digitules similar, spiniform. Claw slender, without a denticle; claw digitules slender, with knobbed apices. Antennae 5 segmented, total length 390–440 µm.

Diagnosis. The first-instar nymph of C. guadua can be diagnosed by the combination of the following features: (i) dorsal setae arranged in 2 parallel longitudinal lines, (ii) numerous mid-ventral setae present on all abdominal and thoracic segments, (iii) antennae 5 segmented, (iv) 2 types of marginal setae present, those on dorsal surface sharply spinose, those on ventral surface flagellate, and (v) presence of numerous ventral microducts arranged in a transverse row just posterior to the mouthparts and anterior coxae.

Remarks. The preceding description is adapted from Kondo and Gullan (2004), with copyright permission from Neotropical Entomology.

Host plants. Poaceae : bamboo (Guadua sp.)

Associated Hymenoptera . Formicinae: Camponotus (Myrmostenus) longipilis , C. (M.) mirabilis and C. ( Pseudocolobopsis ) sp.

Males. Unknown.

Distribution. Neotropical Region: Peru.