Holocentridae

Fricke, Ronald, Allen, Gerald R., Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Hamel, Mélanie A., Laboute, Pierre, Mana, Ralph, Hui, Tan Heok & Uyeno, Daisuke, 2014, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records, Zootaxa 3832 (1), pp. 1-247 : 40-43

Holocentridae

Myripristis adusta Bleeker, 1853 —Shadowfin soldier.

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 18). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 13, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 20, CTR 24, CTR 32, CTR 33. AMS and CAS material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Port Hedland (Western Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands. Found in coral-rich areas of dropoffs and steep channel slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 1– 25 m. Marine.

Myripristis berndti Jordan & Evermann, 1903 —Blotcheye soldierfish, bigscale soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 23). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 15, CTR 21, CTR 26, CTR 30, CTR 31.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Costa Rica, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Midway islands, south to Western Australia at 22°S, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Found in coral-rich areas of subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 1– 50 m. Marine.

Myripristis chryseres Jordan & Evermann, 1903 —Yellowfin soldier

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang based on USNM material (USNM 295579). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. South Africa, Comores and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Midway Atoll, south to Queensland ( Australia). Found on steep seaward reef slopes, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 12– 350 m. Marine.

Myripristis hexagona (Lacepède, 1802) —Doubletooth soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 35). BPBM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. South and East Africa east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia at 20°29'S, Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 1– 40 m. Marine.

Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 —Shoulderbar soldierfish, epaulette soldierfish, pearly soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1987a: 176); record confirmed by Randall & Greenfield (1999: 2241, distribution map). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 14, CTR 20, CTR 22, CTR 24, CTR 32, CTR 33, and by Tan H. H. at St. PR 43 on 16 Nov. 2012; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS, NTUM and USNM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 2– 40 m. Marine.

Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Pinecone soldierfish, blotcheye soldier, red soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 4. AMS and USNM material (AMS I.16671-010; USNM 387337, 387384, 387387).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Wake Atoll, Midway Atoll, Samoa and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found on subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 0– 50 m. Marine.

Myripristis pralinia Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 —Scarlet soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1975: 68); record confirmed by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 42). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 25, CTR 28, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen, St. PR 221. AMS, CAS, KFRS, NTUM, USNM and WAM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in caves or under ledges of reef flats, lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 2– 50 m. Marine.

Myripristis robusta Randall & Greenfield, 1996 —Robust soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. Reported from Madang in original description by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 43). BPBM and USNM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Found in sheltered reefs, frequently on steep slopes, among gorgonians or rocky outcrops, 30– 45 m. Marine.

Myripristis violacea Bleeker, 1851 —Violet soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 49). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 18, CTR 20, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS, NTUM, USNM and WAM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in sheltered areas of coastal, lagoon or seaward reefs, 2– 30 m. Marine.

Myripristis vittata Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831 —Immaculate soldier, white-tipped soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 56). Specimens photographed at St. CTR 31, PR 113. CAS material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 3– 80 m. Marine.

Neoniphon argenteus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831) —Clearfin squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 25, CTR 26.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Marshall and Society islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia. Found among branching corals in coral-rich areas of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, 0– 20 m. Marine.

Neoniphon opercularis (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831) —Blackfin squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 17. CAS material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa and Réunion east to Line Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia. Found in coral and rocky reefs, 1– 25 m. Marine.

Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Bloodspot squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 13, CTR 28, CTR 32. CAS material (CAS 65377).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australia at 20°33'S, Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Found in seagrass beds and hard bottom habitats on lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, often associated with branching Acropora coral, 0– 46 m. Marine.

Plectrypops lima (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Roughscale soldierfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on WAM material (WAM P.30347-010). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Solitary in caves and crevices of seaward reef slopes, 5– 40 m. Marine.

Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838) —Silverspot squirrelfish, tailspot squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 16, CTR 24, CTR 26, CTR 33; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. NTUM and USNM material (NTUM 10207; USNM 288272, 301437, 382253, 382254, 382256).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei ( South Africa) east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Minami Tori Shima, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in seaward reef areas, also in lagoons and around drop-offs, 2– 40 m. Marine.

Sargocentron cornutum (Bleeker, 1853) —Threespot squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as Holocentrus cornutus by Herre (1933: 12); record confirmed by Randall (1998: 20). AMS, BPBM, CAS and USNM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesia and Philippines east to Solomon Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found secretive at reef dropoffs and on outer reef slopes, 2– 30 m. Marine.

Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède [ex Commerson ], 1802) —Crown squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall (1998: 23). Specimens observed, photographed and collected at St. CTR 15, CTR 29. AMS, BPBM, SMF and USNM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia at 17°30'S, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, and Austral Islands. Found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, including tidal pools, 0– 60 m. Marine.

Sargocentron lepros (Allen & Cross, 1983) —Yelloweye squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on a specimen collected at St. CTR 29. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) east to Samoa and Pitcairn group, south to Chesterfield Islands ( New Caledonia). Living solitary and cryptic on outer reef slopes, 10– 45 m. Marine.

Sargocentron puntatissimum ( Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) —Peppered squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on USNM and CAS material (CAS 65397; USNM 383240, 383248).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island. Found in coastal and lagoon reefs and on reef flats, 0– 10 m. Marine.

Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Redcoat squirrelfish ( Fig. 32 )

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall (1998: 72); photographed by P. Laboute. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in coral and rocky reefs, often in silty reefs or around shipwrecks, 1– 84 m. Marine.

Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Sabre squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as Holocentrus spinifer by Munro (1958: 146). Specimens photographed at St. CTR 20; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. AMS, CAS, CSIRO, NTUM and USNM material.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Living secretive in caves or around ledges in coral and rocky reefs, 1– 122 m. Marine.

Sargocentron tiere ( Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) —Tahitian squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen, St. PR 221. NTUM material (NTUM 10209).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. In crevices of lagoon and seaward reefs, 1– 183 m. Marine.

Sargocentron tiereoides (Bleeker, 1853) —Pink squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on AMS, NTUM and USNM material (AMS I.16671- 915; NTUM 10156; USNM 293808, 384967, 384969, 384974).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in clear water of coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 6– 45 m. Marine.

Sargocentron violaceum (Bleeker, 1853) —Violet squirrelfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall (1998: 90); a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay, another photographed by A. Berberian. BPBM, CAS, NTUM and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in clear water of coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 1– 30 m. Marine.

Figures

FIGURE 32. Arothron nigropunctatus (Tetraodontidae, right), with Sargocentron rubrum (Holocentridae), Madang Lagoon, P. Laboute, 24 Nov. 2012.