Goodyera crassifolia H.-J.Suh, S.-W.Seo, S.-H.Oh & T.Yukawa

Suetsugu, Kenji, Hirota, Shun K., Nakato, Narumi, Suyama, Yoshihisa & Serizawa, Shunsuke, 2022, Morphological, ecological, and molecular phylogenetic approaches reveal species boundaries and evolutionary history of Goodyera crassifolia (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae) and its closely related taxa, PhytoKeys 212, pp. 111-134 : 111

Goodyera crassifolia H.-J.Suh, S.-W.Seo, S.-H.Oh & T.Yukawa

Type.

Korea. Jeollanam-do, Sinan-gun, Heuksando Island , 26 September 2016, S.-H. Oh et al. 7155 (holotype: KB, isotypes: BH, TNS!, TUT) .

Terrestrial herb, 20-37 cm tall. Rhizome pale green to brownish green, rooting at nodes. Roots fleshy, yellowish-brown, with minute root hairs. Stems erect, terete, 20-37 cm long, 3.4-7.5 mm in diam., pale green, glabrous. Leaves 5-15, widely spaced or somewhat clustered toward apex along the stem, 4.0- 9.2 cm long; lamina ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 3.3-7.5 × 1.3-3.1 cm, length: width ratio 1.6-2.8, coriaceous, rounded at base, acute at apex, dorsally green with pale white reticulation or without any color decoration; petiole-like. Inflorescence a lax secund raceme, 6-14-flowered, with 2-4 sterile bracts; rachis 6.9-17.1 cm, internodes 17-24 mm long at inflorescence base; floral bracts lanceolate, 8-16 mm, pubescent, acuminate to acute at apex, pale green, shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Ovary and pedicel cylindric-fusiform, 11-20 mm, pale green, pubescent; hair on ovary and pedicel 0.3-0.5 mm, clavate. Flowers resupinate, weekly open. Sepals free, sub-similar, white tinged with pale yellow, pubescent on the outer surface, 1-veined; dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, cymbiform, 10.1-12.8 × 3.3-4.4 mm, subacute at apex, forming a hood with petals; lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate, 9.7-12.5 × 3.2-4.8 mm, recurved at 2/3 of its entire length from the base, acute at apex, weekly spreading. Petals obliquely rhombic-oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 10.0-12.0 × 3.5-4.6 mm, hood recurved at apex, white tinged with pink or pale yellow, glabrous, 1-veined. Lip ovate-lanceolate, 9.5-11.5 × 2.7-4.0 mm; hypochile weekly concave-saccate, occasionally three-lobed, papillose inside; epichile ligulate, subacute at apex with 2 keels along the midrib. Column with lateral appendages; 5.8-7.3 mm long; stigma orbicular, slightly protruding; rostellar arms slender, occasionally three-lobed, sharp at apex; lateral appendage, rarely absent, usually 2 (-4), subulate or clavate, somewhat column-like, up to 6.0 mm long; anther ovate, 3.4-4.0 mm long; pollinia clavate, ca 4.0 mm; viscidium elliptic, ca. 2.0 mm long. Fruits cylindrical-fusiform, 13-22 mm long. Seeds fusiform, 0.8-1.1 mm long; embryo 1-3, ellipsoid, ca. 0.2 mm long.

Specimens examined.

Japan. Kyushu District - Miyazaki Pref.: Nishiusuki-gun, Gokase-cho, Kuraoka, 25 September 2013, T. Minamitani s.n. (AICH). Fukuoka Pref.: Kitakyushu-shi, Kokuraminami-ku, 11 September 2016, K. Tanaka KS209 (KYO); Kitakyushu-shi, Kokuraminami-ku, 23 September 2018, K. Tanaka STG00473 (KYO, herbarium sheet and spirit collection labelled as the same specimen); Tagawa-gun, Soeda-cho, Fukakura, 1 October 2016, K. Tanaka STG00438 (KYO, spirit collection); Tagawa-gun, Soeda-cho, Fukakura, 24 September 2018, Koji Tanaka STG00474 (KYO, herbarium sheet and spirit collection labelled as the same specimen); Kaho-cho, Mt. Kosyo, 4 May 1980, T. Sera HIBG12487 (HIBG). Shikoku District - Ehime Pref.: Siyo-shi, Nomura-cho, Komatsu, 9 May 1981, H. Yoshioka HIBG4684 (HIBG). Kochi Pref.: Agawa-gun, along Nano River, 21 July 1888, s.n. (TI); Takaoka-gun, Niyodo-mura, 13 September 1962, G. Murata s.n. (KYO); Bandamori, September 1889, T. Makino s.n. (MAK); Aki-gun, Kitagawa-mura, date unknown 1886, S. Watanabe s.n. (MAK); Kami-shi, Kahoku-cho, 17 September 2015, H. Takeuchi & K. Suetsugu KS208 (KYO, spirit collection); Kami-shi, Kahoku-cho, 14 September 2016, K. Suetsugu STG00385 (KYO, spirit collection); Kami-shi, Kahoku-cho, 28 September 2021, H. Takeuchi G161-1 (KYO, herbarium sheet and spirit collection labeled as the same specimen); Muroto-shi, Sakihama-cho, 15 September 1974, S. Takafuji s.n. (KYO); Hata-gun, Hashigami-mura, 25 September 1914, H. Yamaguchi s.n. (TNS); Nyodogawa-cho, along Nakano River, 29 September 2020, S. Hyodo KS767 (KYO, spirit collection). Chugoku District - Yamaguchi Pref.: Abu-gun, Akiragi-mura, 24 September 1919, S. Nikai s.n. (TNS). Hiroshima Pref.: Otake-shi, Kuritani-cho, Kokuribayashi, 9 September 2021, K. Takeuchi et al. HIBG25924 (HIBG); Otake-shi, Kuritani-cho, Kokuribayashi, 9 September 2021 K. Takeuchi et al. HIBG25925 (HIBG); Otake-shi, Kuritani-cho, Kokuribayashi, 9 September 2021, K. Takeuchi et al. HIBG25926 (HIBG). Hyogo Pref.: Miki-shi, Fukui, 11 September 2021, K. Umeki s.n. (HYO). Kinki District - Nara Pref.: Totsukawa-mura. 26 September 2009, K. Suetsugu KS207 (TNS); Yoshino-gun, Totsukawa-mura, 2 March 2017, K. Suetsugu STG00182 (KYO); Yoshino-gun, Totsukawa-mura, 18 July 2018, K. Suetsugu STG00451 (KYO). Wakayama Pref.: Nishimuro-gun, Kawazoe-mura, 23 September 1927, N. Nakashima s.n. (TI); Shingu-shi, Dorohaccho, 7 November 1950, G. Nakai 5020 (KYO); Mt. Koya, 24-25 September 1955, G. Murata s.n. (KYO); Higashimuro-gun, Nachikatsuura-cho, September 1904, K. Minakata s.n. (MAK); Higashimuro-gun, Kogagawa-cho, 10 October 2021, Y. Takada s.n. (MAK); Arida-gun, Aridagawa-cho, Kusumoto, 29 September 2013, A. Naitou 1592 (AICH). Mie Pref.: Kihoh-cho, Ainotani, 27 April 2009, K. Suetsugu & T. Tonda KS206 (KYO); along Choshi River, 25 September 1955, K. Iwatsuki s.n. (KYO); Inabe-shi, Hokusei-cho, Betsumyo, 4 October 2013, Y. Deguchi s.n. (AICH). Chubu District - Gifu Pref.: Ena-shi, 16 September 2018, K. Iwahori STG00478 (KYO, herbarium sheet and spirit collection labelled as the same specimen). Aichi Pref.: locality unknown, September 1897, collector unknown (KYO); Toyohashi-shi, Iwasaki-cho, Nagao, 28 September 2020, Y. Kitada KS871 (KYO, spirit collection); Atsumi-gun, Atsumi-cho, Takaki, 24 September 2001, M. Kobayashi 73668 (AICH); Higashikamo-gun, Asahi-cho, Yawata, 22 August 1992, S. Serizawa 62497 (AICH); Toyota-shi, Sasabara-cho, 28 August 1991, S. Serizawa 60088 (AICH); Toyota-shi, Tamomi-cho, Fujibora, 10 September 2007, S. Serizawa 82210 (AICH); Nukata-gun, Kota-cho, Fukozu, 22 September 1995, R. Kaneko 1275 (AICH); Hazu-gun, Kira-cho, Madarame, 11 March 1991, H. Okada 28 (AICH); Seto-shi, Kawahira-cho, 12 September 1999, T. Tsukamoto 2833 (AICH); Seto-shi, Sono-cho, 6 September 1999, T. Tsukamoto 2828 (AICH); Seto-shi, Sono-cho, 25 September 2000, T. Tsukamoto 2924 (AICH); Seto-shi, Anada-cho, 20 September 1992, O. Hibino 856 (AICH); Seto-shi, Umagajo-cho, 26 September 1992, T. Tsukamoto 397 (AICH); Seto-shi, Higashiyamaji-cho, 10 September 1998, T. Tsukamoto 2701 (AICH); Seto-shi, Hirokute-cho, 21 September 1999, S. Serizawa 76414 (AICH); Seto-shi, Uenoyama-cho, 20 September 2000, T. Tsukamoto 2921 (AICH); Owariasahi-shi, Hirako-cho, 23 September 2013, M. Muramathu 27088 (AICH); Komaki-shi, Oyama, 29 April 1997, M. Kobayashi 60932 (AICH); Kasugai-shi, Hazama-cho, 18 September 2005, K. Yamada 1256 (AICH); Nagoya-shi, Moriyama-ku, Togoku, 13 September 2008, S. Serizawa 83258 (AICH); Nagoya-shi, Moriyama-ku, Kikko, 19 July 2017, S. Serizawa 92748 (AICH). Shizuoka Pref.: Kosai-shi, Tame, 23 September 1995, U. Naitou 5558 (AICH). Kanto District - Kanagawa Pref.: Sagamihara-shi, Midori-ku, 23 October 2010, M. Nagai s.n. (SCM). Tokyo Metropolis: Hachijo Island, 9 October 1974, T. Nakaike 50067 (TNS).

Note.

Although Oh et al. (2022) noted that G. crassifolia is restricted to two offshore islands of the Korean peninsula and to a few locations in Japan, we have recognized many other new localities in Japan. Notably, all the G. crassifolia herbarium specimens (except the SCM specimen treated as G. x tamnaensis ) have been annotated as G. schlechtendaliana . Therefore, G. crassifolia may have been misidentified as G. schlechtendaliana in the other areas. Extensive surveys during the flowering season are needed to elucidate the distribution of G. crassifolia .