Aphestia annulipes ( Macquart, 1838 )

Camargo, Alexssandro, Vieira, Rodrigo & Rafael, José Albertino, 2024, Taxonomic review of Aphestia Schiner, 1866 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) with description of seven new species, Zootaxa 5436 (1), pp. 1-80 : 9-15

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5436.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:42656763-C43A-4762-9678-EBE40136907B
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B7E87DC-FFD5-FFD8-FF34-42FCC159FEFC
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Aphestia annulipes ( Macquart, 1838 )
status

Treatment

Aphestia annulipes ( Macquart, 1838) View in CoL

( Figs 3C View FIGURE 3 , 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 39 View FIGURE 39 )

Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838: 74 View in CoL ( 1839: 190); Duponchel in d’Orbigny, 1841: 309, 310 (dictionary, type designation); Walker, 1855: 567, 569 (key and species list); Williston, 1891: 78 (catalogue); Kertész, 1909: 163 (catalogue); Hermann, 1912: 122 (revision and combination with Aphestia Schiner, 1866 View in CoL ); Bromley, 1946: 108, 110 (catalogue); Evenhuis & Thompson, 1990: 232 (mention, type designation); Evenhuis, 2012: 106, 107 (mention, type designation); Evenhuis, Pape & Pont, 2016: 32 (mention, catalogue and list of genus-group names).

Aphestia annulipes View in CoL ; Hermann, 1912: 122 (revision and combination with Aphestia Schiner, 1866 View in CoL ); Hull, 1962 (1): 383 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 50 (catalogue); Artigas, Papavero & Serra, 1991: 57 ( Atomosiini View in CoL catalogue); Papavero, 2009: 84 (catalogue).

Diagnosis. Mystacal macrosetae and setae black and white ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ); 2 black postalar and 3 pairs of reddish yellow marginal scutellar macrosetae ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ); fore and mid trochanters, fore femur and tibia reddish yellow, hind trochanter reddish brown, mid and hind femora brown with basal ¼ yellow ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ).

Redescription. Holotype female ( Figs 4A–D, F–H View FIGURE 4 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Head ( Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ): black, white pruinose ( Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ) (frons and ocellar tubercle sparsely), except vertex and occiput dorsally yellowish; orbital setae yellowish white; mystacal macrosetae and setae black and white ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ); ocelli yellowish, 2 ocellar setae (right black, left atrophied and yellow); vertex pruinosity forming a V towards occiput; 14–15 reddish yellow postocular macrosetae; occiput yellowish setose dorsally, white laterally and ventrally; proboscis black, reddish brown basally, proboscial setae yellowish white and labial yellowish; palpus black, yellowish white setose ( Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ). Antenna: black, sparsely brown pruinose; scape and pedicel black setose; postpedicel obtuse apically, sensorial area greyish pruinose ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ).

Thorax ( Fig. 4A–B, G View FIGURE 4 ): black; pronotum and lateral margins of scutum white pruinose ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ), pleuron white ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ); postpronotal lobe reddish yellow; postalar callus reddish brown ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ); meso and metathoracic spiracles yellow. Chaetotaxy: mostly white setose, punctations golden setose, katatergite and anatergite yellowish setose; macrosetae: antepronotal yellowish white, 2 notopleural, 1 supra-alar, 2 postalar black ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ), 6 marginal scutellar reddish yellow (distal pair smaller) ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ) and 2 posterior anepisternal black.

Wings ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ): translucent, veins brown, yellow on basal fourth; cell r 5 open; left halter yellow at base.

Legs ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ): coxae black, white pruinose; fore and mid trochanters, fore femur and tibia reddish yellow; hind trochanter reddish brown; mid and hind femora brown with basal 1/4 yellow; mid and hind tibiae yellow with distal 1/3 brown; fore tarsus reddish brown, last tarsomere dark brown; mid and hind tarsi dark brown (first tarsomeres slightly reddish brown basally). Chaetotaxy: coxae and trochanters yellowish white setose; femora yellowish white setose, mid and hind femora with some dorsal, posterior and distal black setae; fore femur with 1 anterior distal, 1 dorsal, 2 dorsal distal and 2 posterodorsal yellowish white macrosetae; mid femur with 2 anterior preapical, 1 posterodorsal and 1 posterior yellowish white macrosetae; hind femur with 1 dorsal black macroseta; tibiae with yellowish white macrosetae (black distally on hind tibia) and yellowish white setae with some black setae distally; fore tarsus with reddish macrosetae, some black dorsally and distally; mid tarsus with dorsal black and ventral reddish macrosetae and setae; hind tarsus with black macrosetae; brush setae reddish yellow; claws black; empodium and pulvilli reddish yellow.

Abdomen ( Fig. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ): black, punctations sparsely golden setose; T1 with 3, T2 with 2 and T6 with 2–3 yellowish lateral marginal macrosetae; T3–5 without macrosetae; sternites reddish brown with a posterior yellowish band; sternites greyish pruinose and sparsely yellowish white setose.

Terminalia ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ): dark brown, yellowish setose; T9+T10+cercus almost tapered posteriorly, indented mid-dorsally and setose posterolaterally ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); hypoproct coniform ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ); S8 with mid-posterior margin slightly rounded, posterior 2/3 setose ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ); spermathecae forming an ellipsoid spiral with 4–5 turns, more sclerotized ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ); sperm pump slightly dilated; genital fork protruding laterally ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ).

Length. Body: 11.3 mm; wings: 10.2 mm.

Holotype condition. Right postpedicel ( Fig. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 ), left halter, apex of right halter, mid leg and left hind leg missing ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ); left fore tarsus with tarsomere 3, 4 and 5 glued on label; abdomen glued to thorax; a small portion of pronotum, posterior thoracic region and base of abdomen damaged; terminalia dissected.

Male identified specimen ( Figs 4E View FIGURE 4 , 5 View FIGURE 5 ). Similar to female, except scape and pedicel slightly yellowish; postpedicel with sensorial area larger than female ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ); 2 yellowish ocellar setae; narrow black stripe between base of antennae and ocellar tubercle; fore and mid tibiae yellow; fore and mid tarsi reddish yellow with last tarsomere black; hind femur yellow on basal half and reddish yellow on distal half; hind tibia yellow with apical 1/3 reddish yellow; hind tarsus reddish brown, last tarsomere black; terminalia light brown with concolor setae; oval in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 5A–B View FIGURE 5 ); epandrium with a V-shaped indentation posteriorly, dorsolaterally setose ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ); cercus subquadrangular, truncate, dorsally setose; subepandrial sclerite conic from the base, dorsally setose ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ); gonocoxite falciform, dorsally setose, anterior ventral margin asetose ( Fig. 5C, G–H View FIGURE 5 ); gonostylus large basally, directed upwards apically ( Fig. 5G–H View FIGURE 5 ); hypandrium subtriangular with rounded edges ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ); phallus with 3? short prongs hook-shaped distally ( Fig. 5I–K View FIGURE 5 ); parameral apodeme bent ventrally and anteriorly ( Fig. 5I–K View FIGURE 5 ); ejaculatory apodeme claviform ( Fig. 5J View FIGURE 5 ).

Variation. Fore and mid tarsi darkened, almost reddish brown.

Distribution. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina) ( Fig. 39 View FIGURE 39 ).

Phenology. The highest number of collecting events for this species were from November to March (Tab. 1) coinciding with the late spring and summer in the southern hemisphere.

Taxonomic discussion. Aphestia annulipes differs from other species by the presence of lateral marginal macrosetae only until the second abdominal tergite ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ); mystacal macrosetae and setae black and white ( Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ); three pairs of marginal scutellar macrosetae ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ) and gonostylus with falciform shape ( Fig. 5G–H View FIGURE 5 ).

This species was described by Macquart (1838) as Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838 . Later, Hermann (1912) transferred it to Aphestia , becoming Aphestia annulipes ( Macquart, 1838) . He also synonymized Aphestia brasiliensis Schiner, 1866 with Aphestia annulipes ( Macquart, 1838) .

Evenhuis & Thompson (1990) and Barnes (2008) cited Martin & Papavero (1970) as responsible for the transference of Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838 , to Aphestia . However, this information is incorrect since this species was transferred by Hermann (1912).

In one of the labels of the holotype of Aphestia annulipes is written: “Sylveira Brésil ” ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). The “Sylveira” to whom Macquart referred in his descriptions is probably João da Silveira Caldeira, who was the director of the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro. Silveira made exchanges with foreign collections and likely sent specimens from the National Museum to the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Nevertheless, this information cannot be confirmed because many documents from that time are lost. Additionally, most of the Diptera specimens attributed to “Sylveira” were certainly collected in Rio de Janeiro since it was easy to collect in the rich forests around the city and many naturalists from that period had collected only in Rio and Minas Gerais ( Papavero, 1971). This information agrees with the distribution pattern found for this species in this study ( Fig. 39 View FIGURE 39 ).

Material examined. Holotype. Sylveira Brésil 1832. / 202[?] / Monogramma annulipes / Aphestia annulipes (Maq.) N. Papavero det. [19]71 ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ) (♀ MNHNP). Additional material. [ BRASIL]. Rio de Janeiro: Magé, Março 1940 (1♀ MZUSP); Grajahú[Grajaú], Lopes, 4–1–[19]39 (1♀ CEIOC); Same data, 24.11.[19]40 Lopes & Oliveira (1♂ CEIOC); Repr.[esa] Rio Grande, Jacarepaguá, M. Alvarenga , xii.[19]67 [1♂ dissected] (6♂ CEIOC); Same data, i–[19]68 (7♂ CEIOC); Same data, ii–[19]68 (1♂ CEIOC); Same data, iii–[19]68 (2♂ CEIOC); Same data, F.M. Oliveira iii–[19]70 (1♂ MNRJ); Same data i–[19]72 (2♂ MNRJ); [no collecting site] 4–1–[1]950 e 12–1–1950 (2♂ CEIOC); Dist.[trito] Federal[Rio de Janeiro] / Serviço febre amarela M.E.S., Bras. / Aphestia annulipes Meigen M. Carrera det. [no date] (1♀ CEIOC); Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Hotel Monte Castelo / 838 m. a., 14–16 jan 2019 M.L. Oliveira leg. (1♀ INPA); Itatiaya[Itatiaia] 700m, 10–1–1929, J.F. Zikán / [rectangular red label] / Aphestia nigra Bigot. M. Carr. Det. [19]50 / Coleção J.F. Zikan (1♂ CEIOC); Itatiaya[Itatiaia], 700m, 8.i.1941 Trigona ruficrus, J.F. Zikán / Aphestia nigra Bigot. M. Carrera det. [1]950 / Coleção F. Zikan (1♂ & 1♀ CEIOC); Itatiaya[Itatiaia], 700 m Est.[ado] Do Rio. Brasil 05.ii.1945 J.F. Zikán am Fenster [at window] / Coleção J.F. Zinkán / Inst.[ituto] O.[Oswaldo] Cruz Rio–Janeiro–Brasil / Aphestia annulipes (Macq.) M.C. det. [1]950 / Aphestia annulipes ( Macquart, 1838) Det. A. Camargo 2019 (1♀ MWNH); Itatiaya[Itatiaia] 700m, 1–2–[1]950, W. Zikán (1♂ MZUSP); Travassos, Penido & Werneck, Serra de Angra, 3–[1]932 (1♀ CEIOC); Japuhyba[Japuíba], Angra [dos Reis], L. Travassos F., i–[1]935 / Aphestia annulipes Macq. Det. H.S. Lopes (1♀ CEIOC); Angra dos Reis / H.S. Lopes, ii.xi.[19]72 (1♀ MNRJ); Same data 9.xii.[19]72 (2♂ & 1♀ MNRJ); SP.[São Paulo]: Faz.[enda]

Itaquerê, Nova Europa, v.1964 K. Lenko col. (1♂ MZUSP) ; Bocaina, x.1968 Alvarenga & Seabra 1. [19]69 / (2♀ CEIOC) ; Cantareira, Chapadão, Barreto col. 11.[1]946 (2♂ & 1♀ MZUSP) ; Cantareira, M. Carrera M.A. V d’Andretta xi.[1]951 / (1♀ MZUSP) ; H.[orto] Florestal xi.[1] 946 M. Carrera (1♀ MZUSP) ; Barueri, 16.ii.1955 [no collector] (1♂ MZUSP) ; Est .[ado do] Paraná: Matinhos, 13.ii.[1]945, M. Paranaense (1♂ MZUSP) ; S.[Santa] Catarina: Corupá, ii.1956, A. Maller / Coleção Campos Seabra (1♀ CEIOC) .

MNHNP	Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay
MZUSP	Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo
MNRJ	Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro
INPA	Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia
MWNH	Museum Wiesbaden, Department of Natural Science
V	Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Diptera
Family	Asilidae
Genus	Aphestia