Amblyseiinae, , Chant & McMurtry, 2003

Lofego, Antonio Carlos, Barbosa, Marina Ferraz De Camargo, Demite, Peterson Rodrigo & Moraes, Gilberto José De, 2024, Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) of the subfamily Amblyseiinae from Brazil, Zootaxa 5439 (1), pp. 1-306 : 269-277

Key to separate the genera and species (adult females, unless specified) of Amblyseiinae reported from

Brazil

The key is based mostly on a composition of the keys provided by Chant & McMurtry, 1994, 2007) at the supraspecific levels. The following species were not included, for the reasons specified in the remarks referring to each of them: A. coffeae , A. congeae , E. hibisci , I. degenerans , I. neonobilis , P. tenax , T. sinensis , and A. megaporos .

1. Sternal shield with median posterior projection, often difficult to see for being lightly sclerotised; usually with some forward “migration” of Jv2 and Zv2 of both sexes, so that Jv1, Jv2 and Zv2 usually somewhat transversely aligned (not in Typhlodromalus , Ricoseius loxocheles and Tenuisternum bahiense , in which Jv1 is on the anterior shield margin, r5 is present or Jv2 is the only pre-anal seta on ventrianal shield, respectively); ventrianal shield not distinctly wide ... Euseiini Chant & McMurtry. ..... 2

- Sternal shield without posterior projection (difficult to see in species of Proprioseius and Serraseius , as well as in Transeius kroeffis , then with setae s4, Z4 and Z5 stout and serrate) and both sexes with Jv1, Jv2 and Zv2 arranged in a triangular pattern (if Jv 2 in about a transverse line with Zv2, then ventrianal shield relatively wide, in some species of: Typhlodromips, Arrenoseiina and Proprioseiopsina )................................................................................. 35

2. Seta r5 present; most dorsal shield setae elongate and with minute distal knob … subtribe Ricoseiina Chant & McMurtry ... Ricoseius De Leon (= Indiraseiulus Denmark & Evans?).................................... R. loxocheles ( Fig. 103)

- Seta r5 absent; dorsal shield setae highly variable........................................................... 3

3. Chelicera reduced in size, stubby, with a group of small teeth clustered at the distal end of the fixed digit; peritreme usually not extending beyond j3; deutosternal groove relatively wide, 7–9 µm … subtribe Euseiina Chant & McMurtry ... Euseius Wainstein. .......................................................................................... 4

- Chelicera of normal size and shape, with teeth usually evenly distributed along fixed digit; peritreme extending to level of seta j1 and deutosternal groove narrower, 4–7 µm (except Tenuisternum , in which the peritreme extends to level between j3 and z2)..................................................................... subtribe Typhlodromalina Chant & McMurtry. ........................................................................................ 14

4. Dorsal shield reticulate, bearing R1 ....................................................................... 5

- Dorsal shield reticulate or not, not bearing R1 .............................................................. 7

5. Peritreme extending to level between j3 and z2; with distinct macrosetae on legs I–IV; macrosetae of leg IV capitate............................................................................................. E. alatus ( Fig. 92)

- Peritreme extending forward at most to level between z2 and z4; distinct macrosetae only on leg IV, capitate or not........ 6

6. Macrosetae not capitate; seta Jv1 on anterior margin of ventrianal shield....................... E. errabundus ( Fig. 95)

- Macrosetae slightly capitate; seta Jv1 well behind anterior margin of ventrianal shield................ E. sibelius ( Fig. 99)

7. Macroseta only on tarsus IV........................................................... E. unisetus ( Fig. 101)

- Macrosetae also at least on genu and tibia IV............................................................... 8

8. Dorsal shield reticulate, bearing r3; leg IV macrosetae distally blunt, spatulate or capitate........................... 9

- Dorsal shield reticulate or not, not bearing r3; leg IV macrosetae variable, including sharp-tipped ..................... 10

9. Spermathecal calyx smooth; macrosetae of leg IV capitate; peritreme extending to level of r3 ....... E. sakagamii ( Fig. 98)

- Spermathecal calyx annulate; macrosetae of leg IV spatulate to blunt; peritreme extending to level of z2 ... E. uai ( Fig. 100)

10. Peritreme extending forward at least to level of j3; dorsal shield reticulate; spermathecal calyx tubular, narrowing toward vesicle................................................................................ E. inouei ( Fig. 96)

- Peritreme extending forward at most to level between j3 and z2; dorsal shield reticulate or smooth; spermathecal calyx tubular, narrowing toward vesicle or not........................................................................ 11

11. Dorsal shield reticulate; StIV tilted distally................................................ E. citrifolius ( Fig. 93)

- Dorsal shield smooth or only partially reticulate; StIV not tilted distally......................................... 12

12. Macrosetae of leg IV sharp-tipped.......................................................... E. vivax ( Fig. 102)

- Macrosetae of leg IV blunt and hyaline, or capitate.......................................................... 13

13. 13. Setae j3 and s4 shorter than 26 μm, length of seta s4 shorter than the distance s4–z4; seta z4 at most 1.2 times as long as z2 ............................................................................... E. mesembrinus ( Fig. 97)

- Seta j3 longer than 30 μm; seta s4 longer than 35 μm, generally longer than the distance s4–z4; seta z4 about 1.5 times as long as z2 .............................................................................. E. concordis ( Fig. 94)

14. Female ventrianal shield with only one pair of pre-anal setae (Jv2); legs without macrosetae; male ventrianal shield with six pairs of pre-anal setae ... Tenuisternum Fiaboe et al. ........................................ T. bahiense ( Fig. 116)

- Female ventrianal shield with more than one pair of pre-anal setae; at least leg IV with macrosetae; male ventrianal shield with three pairs of pre-anal setae............................................................................ 15

15. Ratio setae s4: Z1> 3.0 (except in A. amazonicus ; A. akiri , A. arawak and A. manihoti at the limit); dorsal shield mostly smooth (except in A. insolitus ) … Amblydromalus Chant & McMurtry. ............................................... 16

- Ratio setae s4: Z1 <3.0 (except in T. annulatus ); dorsal shield ornamented ... Typhlodromalus Muma. ................. 27

16. Seta Z4 at least about as long as distance Z4–S5 ............................................................ 17

- Seta Z4 at most half as long as distance Z4–S5 ............................................................. 18

17. Seta z4 over twice as long as S2 ..................................................... A. macroatrium ( Fig. 111)

- Seta z4 at most 1.2 times as long as S2 ...................................................... A. laetus ( Fig. 109)

18. Macrosetae SgeI–SgeIV capitate........................................................................ 19

- Macrosetae SgeI–SgeIV sharp-tipped ..................................................................... 20

19. Seta J1 absent; macrosetae StiIV and StIV with blunt tips....................................... A. akiri ( Fig. 104)

- Seta J1 present; macrosetae StiIV and StIV capitate....................................... A. amazonicus ( Fig. 105)

20. Seta s4 longer than Z5 ................................................................................ 21

- Seta s4 distinctly shorter than Z5 ........................................................................ 22

21. Ventrianal shield slightly wider at anus level than at Zv2 level; spermathecal calyx 25–40 long...... A. limonicus ( Fig. 110)

- Ventrianal shield slightly wider at Zv2 level than at anus level; spermathecal calyx 20 long... A. villacarmelensis ( Fig. 114)

22. Spermathecal calyx with a distinct median constriction, flaring toward vesicle.................... A. zannoui ( Fig. 115)

- Spermathecal calyx different........................................................................... 23

23. Dorsal shield with roundish ornamentation over most of its extension........................... A. insolitus ( Fig. 107)

- Dorsal shield smooth over most of its extension, with scant anterolateral striae................................... 24

24. Atrium and calyx of about uniform diameter.............................................. A. manihoti ( Fig. 112)

- Atrium or calyx next to atrium distinctly constricted; calyx flaring toward vesicle or not............................ 25

25. Major duct inflate next to atrium, so that the latter is much wider in the connection with the major duct than in the connection with the calyx; insertion of Jv2 distinctly posterolaterad insertion of Zv2 .................... A. itacoatiarensis ( Fig. 108)

- Major duct not inflate next to atrium, so that the latter is about as wide in the connection with the major duct as in the connection with the calyx; insertion of Jv2 about in transverse line with insertion of Zv2 ..................................... 26

26. Seta Z5 twice as long as s4; SgeIV about twice as long as StiIV ................................. A. arawak ( Fig. 106)

- Seta Z5 about 1.5 times as long as s4; SgeIV about 1.5 times as long as StiIV ........................ A. rapax ( Fig. 113)

27. With a single leg macroseta, on tarsus IV................................................ T. araucariae ( Fig. 118)

- With leg macrosetae on tarsus IV as well as on other segments................................................ 28

28. Seta Z4 about 0.7 as long as distance Z4–Z5; most dorsal shield setae capitate....................... T. feresi ( Fig. 121)

- Seta Z4 at least as long as distance Z4–Z5; dorsal shield setae sharp-tipped, blunt or lanceolate...................... 29

29. Most dorsal shield setae lanceolate and smooth.......................................... T. feresisimilis ( Fig. 122)

- Dorsal shield setae sharp-tipped or blunt, not lanceolate, smooth or not......................................... 30

30. With an incomplete sclerotised ring around major duct next to atrium.......................... T. annulatus ( Fig. 117)

- Without an incomplete ring around major duct............................................................. 31

31. Setae j1, j3, z2, z4, Z1, Z4, Z5, s4 and S 2 distinctly flattened and serrate....................... T. marmoreus ( Fig. 124)

- Setae j1, j3, z2, z4, Z1, Z4, Z5, s4 and S 2 of different shape................................................... 32

32. Most dorsal shield setae subcylindrical, with blunt tip, and smooth................................ T. ingae ( Fig. 123)

- Dorsal shield setae of different shape, most not smooth...................................................... 33

33. Seta z4 about 1.2 times as long as z2 .................................................... T. peregrinus ( Fig. 125)

- Seta z4 at least 2.2 as long as z2 ......................................................................... 34

34. Seta z4 about 2.2 as long as z2 ............................................................ T. aripo ( Fig. 119)

- Seta z4 about 2.8 as long as z2 ......................................................... T. clavicus ( Fig. 120)

35. Ventrianal shield reduced, with 0–1 pair of pre-anal setae; S5 present (except in Phytoseiulus longipes , but then with three ventral setae on tibia I)............................................................................... 36

- Ventrianal shield not reduced and with 3–4 pairs of pre-anal setae; if reduced and with only one pair of pre-anal setae, then without S5 and with two ventral setae on tibia I (ventral and anal shields separate in Amblyseius perditus ).............. 42

36. Ventral shield reduced to a platelet bearing pre-anal pores; s4 about 1.6 times as long as Z5 … Honduriella Denmark & Evans.................................................................................. H. mcmurtryi ( Fig. 53)

- Ventral shield absent; s4 at most 1.2 times as long as Z5 (except Phytoseiulus macropilis , about 1.4).................. 37

37. Z4 occupying a rather lateral position on the dorsal shield; tibia I with three ventral setae ... Phytoseiulini Chant & McMurtry ... Phytoseiulus Evans. ................................................................................ 38

- Z4 occupying the usual posteromediolateral position on the dorsal shield; tibia I with two ventral setae................ 40

38. Setae j5 and S5 absent; sternal shield with two pairs of setae; fixed cheliceral digit with 2–3 distal teeth; genu IV without macrosetae......................................................................... P. longipes ( Fig. 161)

- Setae j5 and S5 present; sternal shield with three pairs of setae; fixed digit with 6–9 teeth well distributed along the inner margin; genu IV with macrosetae....................................................................... 39

39. Setae j4 and j5 less than half as long as distance to each other; j 6 slightly shorter than distance j4–j6; spermathecal calyx trumpet- to funnel-shaped, not inflate near atrium......................................... P. fragariae ( Fig. 160)

- Setae j4 and j5 at least as long as distance to each other; j6 much longer than distance j4–j6; spermathecal calyx funnel-shaped, inflate near atrium................................................................... P. macropilis ( Fig. 162)

40. Most dorsal idiosomal setae shorter than distance to respective closest setae, except J5; only j1, z2, Z4, Z5, s4, S2 and r3 serrate ... Ingaseius Barbosa et al. ............................................................. I. silvaticus ( Fig. 185)

- Dorsal idiosomal setae longer than distance to respective closest setae, except J5; all dorsal idiosomal setae serrate ... Serraseius Moraes et al. ....................................................................................... 41

41. Spermathecal calyx short funnel-shaped; seta S5 inserted in dorsal shield; pre-anal pores well separated, close to the lateral margins of the ventrianal shield.......................................................... S. caicara ( Fig. 186)

- Spermathecal calyx elongate funnel-shaped; seta S5 inserted off dorsal shield; pre-anal pores close together, far from lateral margins of the ventrianal shield....................................................... S. nordestinus ( Fig. 187)

42. Seta j5 present and S4 absent ... Kampimodromini Kolodochka. .............................................. 43

- Setae j5 and S4 present or j5 absent and S4 present......................................................... 50

43. With distinct median dorsal protuberance between j6 and Z4; not with distinctly long and stout leg macrosetae (32 µm, stout on tarsus IV of P. aculeatus ); without distinct notch or incision in lateral margin of the dorsal shield at level of seta s4 ... subtribe Kampimodromina Chant & McMurtry ... Proprioseius Chant. ................................................ 44

- Without distinct median dorsal protuberance between j6 and Z4; macrosetae of leg IV relatively long and stout; usually with distinct notch or incision in lateral margin of the dorsal shield at level of seta s4 ......... subtribe Paraphytoseiina Chant & McMurtry. ........................................................................................ 46

44. Tarsus IV with a macroseta; with a simple, acuminate protuberance between j6 and Z4 ............ P. aculeatus ( Fig. 126)

- Tarsus IV with or without a macroseta; with protuberance between j6 and Z4 elaborate distally, with projections........ 45

45. Tarsus IV without macrosetae; protuberance between j6 and Z4 protruding well above shield surface, finger-shaped and topped by three short thorn-shaped projections.................................................... P. gibbus ( Fig. 127)

- Tarsus IV with a macrosetae; protuberance between j6 and Z4 relatively discreet, protruding slightly above shield surface and topped by three parallel, triangular projections oriented longitudinally.................... P. retroacuminatus ( Fig. 128)

46. Setae J2, S2 and S5 absent ... Paraphytoseius Swirski & Schechter. ........................... P. orientalis ( Fig. 133)

- Setae J2, S2 and S5 present ... Neoparaphytoseius Chant & McMurtry. ......................................... 47

47. Dorsal shield smooth except for a few anterolateral striae.................................................... 48

- Dorsal shield ornamented (reticulate and striate or areolate and striate)......................................... 49

48. Spermathecal calyx 3–5 μm long; female with relatively long setae on dorsal shield (s4 130–158, Z5 126–140) and leg IV (SgeIV 53–74, StiIV 82–100, StIV 62–78); macrosetae stout, tapering only next to tip; leg IV long (461–530).............................................................................................. N. sooretamus ( Fig. 132)

- Spermathecal calyx 7–10 μm long; female with shorter setae on dorsal shield (s4 120–132, Z5 95–101), and leg IV (SgeIV 37–47, StiIV 34–42, StIV 40–43); macrosetae tapering uniformly from base to tip; leg IV shorter (366–390)................................................................................................ N. caatinga ( Fig. 129)

49. Dorsal shield with irregular lateral margins between levels of s4 and Z4 and with the surface elevated, almost forming a transverse crest at the level of Z4; j1 lanceolate, j3 very short (15–17 μm) and smooth, S2 long (81–91 μm) and serrate, r3 smooth, R1 on/off dorsal shield; ventrianal shield pentagonal; Jv5 smooth; genua II and III with eight setae each; macroseta only on basitarsus IV, stout and blunt..................................................... N. moraesi ( Fig. 131)

- Dorsal shield margins about smooth between levels of s4 and Z4 and with surface not elevated at the level of Z4; j1 stout, j3 longer (35–50 μm) and serrate, S2 short and smooth, r3 serrate, R1 off dorsal shield; ventrianal shield vase-shaped; Jv5 serrate; genua II and III with seven setae each; macrosetae on tibia IV (bifurcate) and basitarsus IV (sharp-tipped).................................................................................................. N. charapa ( Fig. 130)

50. Ratio setae s4: Z1> 3.1 (exceptions to this and some of the subsequent characteristics are found in Paraamblyseius , Iphiseiodes raucuara , Iphiseiodes setillus and Transeius xaximensis ); some species with wide sternal shield and an ectal strip; setae s4, Z5 and usually Z4 markedly longer than other dorsal setae; seta J2 present/absent; macrosetae usually present on leg IV and other legs ... Amblyseiini Wainstein. ......................................................................... 51

- Ratio setae s4: Z1 <3.0; sternal shield usually not wide; ectal strip absent; setae s4, Z4 and usually Z5 not greatly longer than other dorsal setae; seta J2 present; macrosetae often present only on leg IV or absent on all legs ( Phyllodromus trisetatus has s4 much longer than Z1, j -J setae much shorter than setae near dorsal shield margin, but as typical for Neoseiulini , its dorsal shield is distinctly longer than wide and it lacks leg macrosetae; additionally, it has j -J setae as well as the setae near dorsal shield margin of similar lengths within each of these two groups of setae)........................................... 139

51. Idiosomal shields lightly sclerotised and usually smooth; sternal shield usually about as long as wide (in Chelaseius and some Amblyseius , wider than long), at most lightly reticulate; ventrianal shield usually longer than wide; genital shield approximately as wide as ventrianal shield; the latter at most lightly striate; peritrematic shield narrow, ectal strip rarely present; setae z2 and z4 usually short/minute; setae j5 and S2 present; fixed cheliceral digit may be much larger than movable digit (only in Chelaseius ) … Amblyseiina Muma. .............................................................................. 52

- Idiosomal shields more strongly sclerotised, smooth or reticulate; sternal and ventrianal shields usually wider than long (ventrianal shield narrower in several Proprioseiopsis species and distinctly narrower in Iphiseiodes noronhensis ); genital shield usually narrower than but sometimes as wide as ventrianal shield; the latter smooth, striate or reticulate; peritrematic shield ranging from narrow to extremely broad, ectal strip often present; setae z2 and/or z4 often longer; setae j5 and S2 present/ absent; fixed cheliceral digit never much larger than movable digit............................................ 108

52. Spermatheca with atrium distinctly bifurcate/vacuolated at juncture with major duct; sternal and ventrianal shields often ornamented; fixed cheliceral digit usually with few teeth; spermatodactyl T-shaped, with both heel and toe elongate, approximately subequal ... Graminaseius Chant & McMurtry. ................................. G. bahiensis ( Fig. 52)

- Spermatheca with atrium not bifurcate/vacuolated at the juncture with major duct; sternal and ventrianal (or anal) shields usually smooth; fixed digit with few to many teeth; spermatodactyl not T-shaped (T-shaped in Transeius piracicabae ), heel and toe neither elongate nor subequal....................................................................... 53

53. Ratio setae s4: S2 <2.7 ( Transeius kroeffis at the limit)....................................................... 54

- Ratio setae s4: S2> 3.0 (except Amblyseius bahiensis )....................................................... 60

54. Seta S5 absent ... Amblyseiella Muma. ....................................................... A. setosa ( Fig. 1)

- Seta S5 present ... Transeius Chant & McMurtry (= Newelliseius Denmark & Evans)............................... 55

55. Spermatheca cup-shaped, at most as long as wide.......................................................... 56

- Spermatheca elongate cup-shaped or saccular, at least about twice as long as wide................................. 57

56. Dorsal shield smooth over most of its extent; seta z4 about 1.5 times as long as z2 ................... T. aciculus ( Fig. 54)

- Dorsal shield striate/reticulate; setae z2 and z4 of similar lengths................................ T. bellottii ( Fig. 55)

57. Dorsal shield striate/reticulate............................................................. T. kroeffis ( Fig. 56)

- Dorsal shield smooth over most of its extent.............................................................. 58

58. Seta j3 distinctly longer than distance j3–z2 ............................................... T. xaximensis ( Fig. 59)

- Seta j3 distinctly shorter than distance j3–z2 .............................................................. 59

59. Ventrianal shield about as long as wide.................................................. T. piracicabae ( Fig. 58)

- Ventrianal shield about 1.5 times as long as wide................................................ T. lisei ( Fig. 57)

60. Fixed cheliceral digit much larger than movable digit ... Chelaseius Muma & Denmark............................ 61

- Fixed and movable digits of similar sizes … Amblyseius Berlese. ............................................. 63

61. Spermathecal calyx trumpet-shaped.................................................. C. pluridentatus ( Fig. 51)

- Spermathecal calyx short-saccular or cup-shaped........................................................... 62

62. Fixed cheliceral digit with one small tooth immediately distal to pilus dentilis, followed distally by three relatively large teeth................................................................................... C. caudatus ( Fig. 49)

- Fixed cheliceral digit with three relatively large teeth immediately distal to pilus dentilis, followed distally by two larger teeth and 1–2 subterminal tiny teeth......................................................... C. lativentris ( Fig. 50)

63. Ventral and anal shields separate, or fused into a vase-shaped ventrianal shield that is much wider at anus level than anteriorly and often with a strong constriction behind Jv2 ............................................................. 64

- Ventral and anal shields always fused into a ventrianal shield which is not much wider at anus level, often not with a strong constriction behind Jv2 (with a strong constriction in A. aerialis ; only slightly wider in some species)................. 67

64. Spermathecal calyx short-saccular (length <3.0 times median width; or elongate bell-shaped)....... A. vasiformis ( Fig. 46)

- Spermathecal calyx elongate, tubular or trumpet-shaped (length> 3.0 times median width).......................... 65

65. Ventral and anal shields separate......................................................... A. perditus ( Fig. 39)

- Ventral and anal shields fused.......................................................................... 66

66. Spermathecal calyx trumpet-shaped..................................................... A. herbicolus ( Fig. 21)

- Spermathecal calyx tubular............................................................ A. largoensis ( Fig. 27)

67. Macrosetae only on genu, tibia and tarsus IV................................................. A. malvus ( Fig. 30)

- Macrosetae also on other legs in addition to leg IV.......................................................... 68

68. Spermathecal calyx cone-shaped; seta Z5 about 120 µm long; setae Z4 and s4 respectively 27–32 and 33–37 µm long........................................................................................ A. impeltatus ( Fig. 25)

- Spermathecal calyx cone-shaped or not; seta Z5 of various lengths; setae Z4 and s4 respectively at least 44 and 40 µm long (if either shorter, then spermathecal calyx not cone-shaped)..................................................... 69

69. Spermathecal calyx elongate (about 40 µm long), with a strong asymmetric median constriction; s4 only slightly longer than distance s4–Z1 ........................................................................ A. euterpes ( Fig. 17)

- Spermatheca different; if elongate, without asymmetric median constriction; s4 of variable length.................... 70

70. Spermathecal calyx disc-, cup-, bell-, horn- or cone-shaped, short-saccular or short-tubular (less than five times longer than diameter).......................................................................................... 71

- Spermathecal calyx saccular, funnel- to trumpet-shaped, or elongate-tubular (at least five times longer than diameter; Amblyseius curiosus at the limit)................................................................................. 93

71. Spermathecal calyx cone-, disc-, horn- or cup-shaped, at most as long as diameter next to vesicle.................... 72

- Spermathecal calyx short-tubular, saccular or bell-shaped, at least 1.5 times as long as diameter next to vesicle.......... 84

72. Spermathecal calyx cone-shaped........................................................................ 73

- Spermathecal calyx cup-, horn- or disc-shaped............................................................. 74

73. Seta Z5 about three times as long as Z4; sternal shield about as wide at the median region of coxa II as long; StIV longer than StiIV ................................................................................ A. riodocei ( Fig. 41)

- Seta Z5 about 1.5 times as long as Z4; sternal shield about 1.5 times as wide as long; StIV shorter than StiIV ................................................................................................ A. sylvestris ( Fig. 43)

74. Macrosetae progressively longer from basitarsus to genu of leg IV............................................. 75

- Ratios of length of macrosetae of leg IV different.......................................................... 76

75. Pre-anal pores minute, about in longitudinal line with Jv 2 of the same side; Z 5 much longer than maximum width of dorsal shield.................................................................................. A. vitis ( Fig. 47)

- Pre-anal pores not minute, mediad or posteromediad Jv2; setae Z5 not longer than maximum width of dorsal shield.......................................................................................... A. impressus ( Fig. 26)

76. Seta Z5 at most 1.2 as long as Z4 ....................................................................... 77

- Seta Z5 at least 1.6 as long as Z4 ........................................................................ 80

77. Seta Z4 ca. 1.7 as long as s4 ............................................................... A. akahirai ( Fig. 5) - Seta Z4 at most 1.1 as long as s4 ........................................................................ 78

78. Spermathecal calyx and atrium asymmetric, so that minor duct attaches to atrium in a depressed site..... A. lynnae ( Fig. 29)

- Spermathecal calyx and atrium symmetric, so that the site of attachment of minor duct to atrium is not conspicuously depressed.......................................................................................... 79

79. Seta Z5 about as long as SgeIV; StIV about 1.1 times as long as StiIV ............................ A. atlanticus ( Fig. 7)

- Seta Z5 about 1.8 times as long as SgeIV; StIV about 1.5 times as long as StiIV .................. A. compositus ( Fig. 13)

80. Seta Z5 at least 2.1 times as long as distance Z5 –Z5......................................................... 81

- Seta Z5 at most 1.8 times as long as distance Z5–Z5 ........................................................ 82

81. Macroseta StIV about 1.2 times as long as StiIV; seta s4 about 10 times as long as S2–S5 ........... A. chiapensis ( Fig. 10)

- Macroseta StIV about as long as StiIV; seta s4 about 7 times as long as S2–S5 ....................... A. pravus ( Fig. 40)

82. Seta Z5 about 1.8 times as long as distance Z5–Z5; ventrianal shield about 1.6 times as long as maximum width.......................................................................................... A. neochiapensis ( Fig. 35)

- Seta Z5 about 0.7 times as long as distance Z5–Z5; ventrianal shield about 1.2 times as long as maximum width......... 83

83. Spermathecal atrium nodular and calyx cup-shaped................................... A. novagranadensis ( Fig. 36)

- Spermathecal atrium forked and calyx horn-shaped..................................... A. matogrossensis ( Fig. 33)

84. Seta Z5 at least twice as long as distance Z5–Z5 ............................................................ 85

- Seta Z5 at most 1.5 times as long as distance Z5–Z5 ......................................................... 89

85. Spermathecal calyx bell-shaped........................................................................ 86

- Spermathecal calyx not bell-shaped..................................................................... 88

86. Seta s4 much shorter than distance s4–S2; on each side, pre-anal pore posteromesad Jv2 ................ A. leai ( Fig. 28)

- Seta s4 at least as long as distance s4–S2; on each side, pre-anal pore in longitudinal line with Jv2 .................... 87

87. Ratios of setae s4: j1 about 7.6 and Z5: j1 about 17............................................ A. euvertex ( Fig. 18)

- Ratios of setae s4: j1 about 5.3 and Z5: j1 about 12............................................ A. waltersi ( Fig. 48)

88. Spermathecal calyx and SgeIV about 10 and 120 µm long, respectively......................... A. operculatus ( Fig. 37)

- Spermathecal calyx and SgeIV about 16 and 100 µm long, respectively......................... A. constrictus ( Fig. 14)

89. Pre-anal pores transversely aligned with insertion of Jv2; s4 about 2.4 times as long as S2; spermathecal calyx short-tubular..................................................................................... A. bahiensis ( Fig. 8)

- Pre-anal pores distinctly posteriad insertion of Jv2; s4 at least 3.0 times as long as S2; spermathecal calyx short-tubular or bell-shaped ............................................................................................. 90

90. Spermathecal calyx bell-shaped........................................................................ 91

- Spermathecal calyx short-tubular....................................................................... 92

91. Anterolateral angles of ventrianal shield rounded; sternal and ventrianal shields smooth; seta Zv3 present.................................................................................................. A. biotafapesp ( Fig. 9)

- Anterolateral angles of ventrianal shield not rounded; sternal and ventrianal shields lightly striate; seta Zv3 absent............................................................................................ A. hexadens ( Fig. 22)

92. Ventrianal shield at least 1.5 times as long as wide; z2 and z4 of similar lengths; spermathecal atrium inconspicuous...................................................................................... A. igarassuensis ( Fig. 24)

- Ventrianal shield about 1.1 times as long as wide; z2 slightly longer than z4; spermathecal atrium conspicuous.......................................................................................... A. paulofariensis ( Fig. 38)

93. Seta Z5 at most twice the distance Z5–Z5 ................................................................. 94

- Seta Z5 distinctly over twice the distance Z5–Z5 ............................................................ 99

94. Seta Z5 at most as long as the distance Z5–Z5 ............................................................. 95

- Seta Z5 at least 1.3 times as long as distance Z5–Z5 ......................................................... 98

95. Spermathecal calyx tubular, slightly inflate near atrium............................................ A. ica ( Fig. 23)

- Spermathecal calyx funnel- to trumpet-shaped............................................................. 96

96. Spermathecal calyx about 10 µm long................................................... A. manauara ( Fig. 31)

- Spermatheca calyx over 20 µm long..................................................................... 97

97. Spermathecal atrium nodular, with major duct forming a right angle with calyx; ventrianal shield smooth..................................................................................................... A. duckei ( Fig. 16)

- Spermathecal atrium c-shaped, with major duct forming an acute angle with calyx; ventrianal shield with scant transverse striae........................................................................... A. chicomendesi ( Fig. 11)

98. Section of calyx next to vesicle flaring broadly.............................................. A. acalyphus ( Fig. 2)

- Section of calyx next to vesicle not flaring or flaring only slightly............................. A. spiculatus ( Fig. 42)

99. Seta Zv3 absent...................................................................... A. terricola ( Fig. 45)

- Seta Zv3 present.................................................................................... 100

100. Major duct distinct for a section about as long as calyx and of similar diameter, both forming a continuous wavy structure................................................................................... A. tamatavensis ( Fig. 44)

- Major duct distinct only near connection with the atrium, not visible as a continuous wavy structure................. 101

101. Spermathecal calyx distinctly less sclerotised in half next to vesicle; on each side, pre-anal pore posteromediad Jv2 ............................................................................................. A. aerialis ( Fig. 4)

- Spermathecal calyx about uniformly sclerotised (if not, on each side, pre-anal pore about longitudinally aligned with Jv2, in Amblyseius curiosus )................................................................................ 102

102. Calyx of spermatheca tubular or trumped-shaped; ratio setae Z4: j3 ≤ 3.0........................................ 103

- Calyx of spermatheca saccular or funnel-shaped; ratio setae Z4: j3 about 5.0.................................... 106

103. Spermathecal calyx tubular........................................................................... 104

- Spermathecal calyx trumpet-shaped.................................................................... 105

104. Ratio setae SgeIV: StiIV about 1.3 and Z5: Z4 about 2.0....................................... A. fernandezi ( Fig. 19)

- Ratio setae SgeIV: StiIV about 2.2 and Z5: Z4 about 2.7......................................... A. martus ( Fig. 32)

105. Spermathecal atrium bulbous; diameter of calyx near vesicle 2–3 times larger than near atrium........ A. adhatodae ( Fig. 3)

- Spermathecal atrium inconspicuous; diameter of calyx near vesicle several times larger than near atrium.................................................................................................. A. geonomae ( Fig. 20)

106. Atrium terminal, between calyx and major duct.............................................. A. curiosus ( Fig. 15)

- Atrium subterminal, embedded on one side of the calyx.................................................... 107

107. Calyx flaring only slightly near vesicle.................................................... A. atibaiensis ( Fig. 6)

- Calyx flaring abruptly and strongly in half near vesicle........................................ A. collaris ( Fig. 12)

108. Seta J2 absent and j5 present … subtribe Proprioseiopsina Chant & McMurtry ... Proprioseiopsis Muma. ............. 109

- Seta J2 usually present (if absent, j5 also absent) ... subtribe Arrenoseiina Chant & McMurtry. ..................... 118

109. Seta j3 over three times as long as j1 and about 0.8 times as long as s4 .......................... P. dominigos ( Fig. 84)

- Seta j3 at most 1.8 times as long as j1 and at most 0.6 times as long as s4 ...................................... 110

110. Seta j1 about 1.8 times as long as j3 ................................................ P. pariquerassuensis ( Fig. 89)

- Seta j1 at most about as long as j3 ...................................................................... 111

111. Spermathecal calyx short (wider than long), cup-shaped..................................... P. mexicanus ( Fig. 86)

- Spermathecal calyx longer (longer than wide), not cup-shaped............................................... 112

112. Spermathecal calyx elongate, tubular, inflated next to atrium and flared next to vesicle, about 50 µm long; seta s4 about 0.8 times as long as Z4 ................................................................ P. pentagonalis ( Fig. 90)

- Spermathecal calyx different, at most 25 µm long; s4 at least 0.8 times as long as Z4 ............................. 113

113. Spermathecal calyx trumpet-shaped, without median constriction................................... P. citri ( Fig. 83)

- Spermathecal calyx saccular, medially constricted or not.................................................... 114

114. Seta Z1 about 44 µm long; seta j 1 about as long as R1 ........................................... P. theae ( Fig. 91)

- Seta Z1 less than 30 µm long; seta j1 at least 2.3 times as long as R1 .......................................... 115

115. Seta Z5 as long as or longer than Z4; seta j3 at most 1.2 as long as j1 .......................................... 116

- Seta Z5 slightly shorter than Z 4; seta j3 at least 1.4 as long as j1 .............................................. 117

116. Sternal shield with few transverse striae anteriad st 2; genital shield smooth; seta j3 about 1.2 times as long as j1 ............................................................................................... P. jasmini ( Fig. 85)

- Sternal and genital shields reticulate; seta j3 about as long as j1 ............................... P. biologicus ( Fig. 82)

117. Seta j3 over twice as long as j1; seta Z1 about 21 μm long....................................... P. ovatus ( Fig. 88)

- Seta j3 about 1.4 times as long as j1; seta Z1 about 5 μm long................................ P. neotropicus ( Fig. 87)

118. Setae j5 and S2 absent … Phytoscutus Muma. ............................................................ 119

- Setae j5 and S2 present ............................................................................... 120

119. Seta Zv3 absent; seta Jv5 much longer than distance between its base and the base of post-anal seta..... P. moraesi ( Fig. 80)

- Seta Zv3 present; Jv5 much shorter than distance between its base and the base of post-anal seta....... P. sexpilis ( Fig. 81)

120. Setae Jv2 and Zv2 inserted in area of anterior third of the ventrianal shield; leg I with a macroseta (in I. setillus all macrosetae short, only slightly longer or stouter than other setae of same segment) … Iphiseiodes De Leon ..................... 121

- Setae Jv2 and Zv2 usually inserted in the normal position on ventrianal shield (except Paraamblyseius multicircularis , but then Zv3 absent); leg I without macrosetae................................................................... 133

121. Ventrianal shield narrow, much narrower at level of Zv2 than at level of anal opening............. I. noronhensis ( Fig. 73)

- Ventrianal shield wide, wider at level of Zv2 than at level of anal opening (in I. musae , similar widths)............... 122

122. With a single pair of (broad) metapodal plates ... 123

- With two pairs of (not distinctly broad) metapodal plates (one pair very small in some species)..................... 124

123. Ventrianal shield with three pairs of pre-anal setae (Jv1, Jv2 and Zv2; Zv1 on unsclerotised cuticle).. I. metapodalis ( Fig. 70)

- Ventrianal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae (Jv1, Jv2, Zv1 and Zv2).......................... I. moraesi ( Fig. 71)

124. Setae s4, Z4 and Z5 several times longer than remaining dorsal shield setae..................................... 125

- At least one of setae s4, Z4 and Z5 about as long as other dorsal shield setae.................................... 127

125. Spermathecal calyx shaped as an elongate funnel (almost tubular), about four times as long as diameter next to vesicle...................................................................................... I. kamahorae ( Fig. 67)

- Spermathecal calyx saccular, 2–3 as long as diameter next to vesicle.......................................... 126

126. Seta j3 very short (3 µm)............................................................. I. flechtmanni ( Fig. 66)

- Seta j3 longer (24–35 µm)............................................................. I. saopaulus ( Fig. 76)

127. Setae s 4 and Z5 several times longer than remaining dorsal shield setae........................................ 128

- Only s4 or not even s4 several times longer than remaining dorsal shield setae (at least one seta about as long as or longer than Z5) or Z5 at least about twice as long as any other dorsal shield setae.......................................... 130

128. Spermathecal calyx broadened, funnel shaped, flaring widely next to vesicle, reaching a diameter corresponding to its total length............................................................................... I. katukina ( Fig. 68)

- Spermathecal calyx much smaller, cone-shaped, flaring much less, reaching a diameter corresponding to about half its total length............................................................................................ 129

129. Seta Z5 and macrosetae of leg IV distally sharp............................................ I. quadripilis ( Fig. 74)

- Seta Z5 and macrosetae of leg IV capitate.................................................. I. zuluagai ( Fig. 78)

130. Seta s4 several times longer than remaining dorsal shield setae............................................... 131

- Seta s4 similar in length to at least some other dorsal shield setae............................................. 132

131. Fixed cheliceral digit with eight teeth; seta j3 about as long as j4–j6; macrosetae of the following lengths: SgeIV 141, StiIV 70 and StIV 36 μm......................................................................... I. musae ( Fig. 72)

- Fixed digit with 13 teeth; seta j3 over three times as long as j4–j6; macrosetae of the following lengths: SgeIV 70, StiIV 47 and StIV 40 μm....................................................................... I. matatlanticae ( Fig. 69)

132. With a pair of rounded button-like structures in transverse line with Jv2; seta j1 about as long as j3 ... I. raucuara ( Fig. 75)

- Without a pair of rounded button-like structures in transverse line with Jv2; seta j3 about twice as long as j1 ................................................................................................... I. setillus ( Fig. 77)

133. Legs without macrosetae; dorsal setae usually short/medium in length, none greatly longer than others; seta Zv3 usually absent; with a single pair of large metapodal plates … Paraamblyseius Muma. ...................... P. multicircularis ( Fig. 79)

- With at least one macroseta, on tarsus IV; some dorsal setae much longer than others; seta Zv3 usually present; with two pairs of metapodal plates, one much smaller than the other ... Arrenoseius Wainstein (= Fundiseius Muma & Denmark)...... 134

134. Dorsal shield mostly smooth, except for scant anterolateral striae............................................. 135

- Dorsal shield mostly reticulate and/ or striate............................................................. 137

135. Seta j3 about as long as j1; sternal and genital shields smooth; ventrianal shield slightly longer than wide; on each side, pre-anal pore about longitudinally aligned with Jv2 .................................................. A. gaucho ( Fig. 60)

- Seta j3 at least 1.5 times as long as j1; sternal and genital shields reticulate; ventrianal shield slightly wider than long; on each side, pre-anal pore posteromesad or about mediad Jv2 ...................................................... 136

136. Seta Zv3 present; movable digit toothless; setae j1 26, j3 51, s4 91, Z4 100 and Z5 107 μm, z2 and z4 minute.................................................................................................. A. morgani ( Fig. 63)

- Seta Zv3 absent; movable digit with two teeth; much shorter setae j1, j3, s4, Z4 and Z5 (respectively 17, 25, 54, 71 and 89 μm), and much longer z2 and z4 (respectively 16 and 24 μm)................................ A. robertogonzalezi ( Fig. 64)

137. Seta Zv3 absent; seta j3 about as long as S2; seta s4 about as long as distance s4–z4 ................. A. gloreus ( Fig. 61)

- Seta Zv3 present; seta j3 at least twice as long as S2; seta s4 distinctly longer than distance s4–z4 .................... 138

138. Ventrianal shield with three pairs of pre-anal setae (in some specimens, Zv1 at the margin of the shield); genu, tibia and basitarsus IV with macrosetae............................................................ A. lofegoi ( Fig. 62)

- Ventrianal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae; macroseta only on basitarsus IV................ A. urquharti ( Fig. 65)

139. Genu II without and genu III rarely with macrosetae (these not present in species reported from Brazil); fixed cheliceral digit usually with less than seven teeth, rarely multidentate; never concurrently with macrosetae on legs II and III and with fixed digit multidentate … Neoseiulini Chant & McMurtry. ......................................................... 140

- Genua II and III rarely without macrosetae; fixed digit usually with more than six teeth; most species with both of these two character states … Typhlodromipsini Chant & McMurtry. .................................................. 165

140. With four pairs of pre-anal setae; J5 about as long as Z5 ... Macrocaudus Moraes et al. .......... M. multisetatus ( Fig. 134)

- With 1–3 pairs of pre-anal setae; J5 always distinctly shorter than Z5 .......................................... 141

141. Most or all dorsolateral setae distinctly lanceolate ... Phyllodromus De Leon .................... P. trisetatus (Fig. 158)

- Dorsolateral setae not lanceolate....................................................................... 142

142. Setae J3 and J4 present; with a single pair of pre-anal setae ... Ragusaseius Kreiter. ............... R. ferraguti ( Fig. 159)

- Setae J3 and J4 absent; with three pairs of pre-anal setae … Neoseiulus Hughes. ................................ 143

143. Seta Z5 at least 2.5 times as long as Z4 (2.3 times in N. cipoensis ); spermathecal calyx shallow cup-shaped............ 144

- Seta Z5 at most about twice as long as Z4; spermathecal calyx shallow cup-shaped or not.......................... 148

144. Distance Jv2–Jv2 over twice as long as distance between pre-anal pores....................................... 145

- Distance Jv2–Jv2 1.0–1.5 distance between pre-anal pores.................................................. 147

145. Fixed cheliceral digit with one strong subapical tooth (larger than the apical hook) followed by two smaller teeth............................................................................................ N. cipoensis ( Fig. 140)

- Fixed digit with at least six similar teeth................................................................. 146

146. Ventrianal shield slightly longer than wide at level of Zv2; dorsal shield with imbricate pattern centrally, between j6 and J2, with reticle about as long as wide or slightly longer than wide; femur IV with ad1 distinctly longer and thicker than ad2 ............................................................................................ N. baraki ( Fig. 136)

- Ventrianal shield about 1.3 times as long as wide at level of Zv2; dorsal shield with more elongate cells centrally, between j6 and J2; femur IV with ad1 similar to ad2 ................................................ N. benjamini ( Fig. 138)

147. Fixed cheliceral digit with 3–6 teeth; macroseta of tarsus IV about 16–19 long; with a discreet constriction between spermathecal calyx and atrium; reticles in central region, between j5 and slightly passed J2, distinctly more elongate than elsewhere.................................................................................... N. paspalivorus ( Fig. 153)

- Fixed digit with 8–9 teeth; macroseta of tarsus IV about 26–32 long; without a constriction between spermathecal calyx and atrium; reticles in central region, between j5 and slightly passed J2, similar to elsewhere .............. N. mumai ( Fig. 150)

148. Dorsal shield not reticulate, at most with scant anterolateral striae............................................ 149

- Dorsal shield reticulate (if reticulation sparse, then spermathecal calyx with strong constriction next to atrium or SgeIV capitate or blunt).......................................................................................... 153

149. Seta j 3 longer than distance j3–z2 ...................................................................... 150

- Seta j 3 shorter than distance j3–z2 ..................................................................... 151

150. Ratios j4: j5, j4: j6 and j4: J2 respectively 1.6, 1.2 and 1.4...................................... N. demitei ( Fig. 141)

- Ratios j 4: j 5, j 4: j 6 and j 4: J 2 respectively 2.9, 1.5 and 1.7...................................... N. melinis ( Fig. 149)

151. Spermathecal calyx cup-shaped; with no leg macrosetae...................................... N. gracilis ( Fig. 145)

- Spermathecal calyx saccular to horn-shaped; with a macroseta on tarsus IV..................................... 152

152. Pore gd2 (between bases of j4, j5 and z4) absent............................................ N. barkeri ( Fig. 137)

- Pore gd2 present.................................................................. N. transversus ( Fig. 155)

153. Spermathecal calyx with a strong constriction next to atrium; fixed cheliceral digit with three subapical teeth........................................................................................... N. neoaurescens ( Fig. 151)

- Spermathecal calyx without strong constriction next to atrium; fixed digit with few to many subapical teeth........... 154

154. Pre-anal pore adjacent to Jv2; ventrianal shield about as long as wide at level of Zv2; Z5 much stouter than and about twice as long as Z4 ........................................................................... N. veigai ( Fig. 157)

- Pre-anal pore not adjacent to Jv2; ventrianal shield distinctly longer than wide at level of Zv2 (except in N. paraibensis ); Z5 not stouter (or only moderately stouter) than and much less than twice as long as Z4 ................................. 155

155. Ventrianal shield about as long as wide at level of Zv2, without lateral constriction; spermathecal calyx shallow cup-shaped, almost twice as wide near vesicle as deep; fixed cheliceral digit with ten teeth.................. N. paraibensis ( Fig. 152)

- Ventrianal shield distinctly longer than wide at level of Zv2, with distinct constriction posteriad or at level of Zv2 or constriction absent; spermathecal calyx cup-shaped or not, as wide as long or longer than wide; fixed digit with 2–11 teeth......... 156

156. Spermathecal calyx trumpet- or elongate bell-shaped; fixed cheliceral digit with only two subapical teeth; movable digit 0–1 tooth............................................................................................. 157

- Spermathecal calyx different (some specimens of N. anonymus may seem to be trumpet-shaped); fixed digit usually with at least seven teeth (in N. californicus , N. fallacis and some specimens of N. idaeus , with 3–6 teeth) and movable digit with 1–3 teeth (except in N. pluridentatus , 5–6 teeth).............................................................. 158

157. Pre-anal pores distinctly posteriad level of Jv2; distance between pre-anal pores slightly larger than distance Jv2–Jv2 ...................................................................................... N. diamantinus ( Fig. 142)

- Pre-anal pores slightly posteriad level of Jv 2; distance between pre-anal pores shorter than distance Jv2–Jv2 ............................................................................................... N. houstoni ( Fig. 146)

158. Movable cheliceral digit with 5–6 teeth.............................................. N. pluridentatus ( Fig. 154)

- Movable cheliceral digit with 2–3 teeth................................................................. 159

159. Spermathecal calyx with rounded end near atrium in lateral view (cup-shaped or saccular); fixed cheliceral digit with 3–7 teeth............................................................................................. 160

- Spermathecal calyx about truncate near atrium in lateral view (not typically cup-shaped); fixed digit usually with at least seven teeth............................................................................................. 163

160. Except for j1, setae of prodorsal region shorter than distance to respective closest setae.......... N. californicus ( Fig. 139)

- Most setae of prodorsal region at least as long as distance to respective closest setae.............................. 161

161. Spermathecal calyx saccular (seemingly trumpet-shaped in some specimens); macroseta only on tarsus IV................................................................................................ N. anonymus ( Fig. 135)

- Spermatheca cup-shaped; macrosetae only on tarsus IV or also on genu and tibia IV.............................. 162

162. Macrosetae on genu, tibia and tarsus IV; S2 about 1.5 times as long as S4 ......................... N. fallacis ( Fig. 143)

- Macroseta only on tarsus IV; S2 about 1.8 times as long as S4 ................................... N. idaeus ( Fig. 147)

163. Seta z5 about as long as distance j5–z5 ...................................................... N. jeca ( Fig. 148)

- Seta z 5 much shorter than distance j5–z5 ................................................................ 164

164. Genu II with seven setae; except for Z4 and Z5, dorsal idiosomal setae smooth.................... N. goiano ( Fig. 144)

- Genu II with eight setae; except for j1 and J5, dorsal idiosomal setae serrate......................... N. tunus ( Fig. 156)

165. Dorsal shield without prominent waist at level of R1, smooth ... Scapulaseius Karg & Oomen-Kalsbeeck. .................................................................................................. S. linharis ( Fig. 163)

- Dorsal shield with prominent waist at level of R1, at least partially reticulate (except T. theobromae ) … Typhlodromips De Leon ............................................................................................. 166

166. Spermathecal calyx slender for at least half of its total length................................................ 167

- Calyx not slender or slender for a much shorter extent...................................................... 169

167. Calyx about three times as long as diameter near vesicle....................................... T. amilus ( Fig. 164)

- Calyx at least six times longer than diameter near vesicle................................................... 168

168. Seta Z4 as long as distance Z4–Z5; macroseta StIV sharp-tipped; calyx flaring slightly only next to vesicle; fixed cheliceral digit with seven teeth..................................................................... T. angustus ( Fig. 165)

- Seta Z4 about as long as distance Z4–S5; macroseta StIV knobbed; calyx almost uniformly tubular; fixed digit with ten teeth.................................................................................... T. dentilis ( Fig. 171)

169. Seta s4 at least as long as distance s4–z4 ................................................................ 170

- Seta s4 at most 0.8 times as long as distance s4–z4 ( T. sabaculus is near the limit)............................... 174

170. Seta Z5 about 1.5–1.7 times as long as the stout s4 ........................................................ 171

- Seta Z5 about 2–3 times as long as s4, which may be thicker than some other dorsal shield setae, but not stout......... 172

171. Most dorsal setae relatively stout and blunt, set on tubercles; genu II with eight setae......... T. ovametapodalis ( Fig. 177)

- Most dorsal shield setae (except s4, Z4 and Z5) slender and sharp-tipped; dorsal setae not set on tubercles; genu II with seven setae............................................................................ T. robustisetus ( Fig. 181)

172. Spermathecal calyx with a distinct constriction next to atrium................................... T. pallinii ( Fig. 178)

- Spermathecal calyx without distinct constriction next to atrium.............................................. 173

173. Spermathecal calyx with a slight median constriction; seta S2 distinctly over half distance S2–S4; pre-anal pores adjacent and posteriad Jv2; setae J2 as long as the distance between their bases................................ T. ariri ( Fig. 166)

- Spermathecal calyx without median constriction; seta S2 less than half distance S2–S4; pre-anal pores mediad and slightly posteriad Jv2; setae J2 at most half as long as the distance between their bases................... T. pompeui ( Fig. 180) 174. SgeIV at most 1.3 times as long as StiIV ................................................................. 175

- SgeIV at least 1.7 times as long as StiIV ................................................................. 181

175. SgeIV about half as long as StiIV; pre-anal pores adjacent to Jv2 ................................. T. jucara ( Fig. 175)

- SgeIV at least about as long as StiIV; pre-anal pores not adjacent to Jv2 ........................................ 176

176. Spermathecal calyx short-tubular, slightly constricted medially, and with major duct swollen, bladder-like................................................................................................ T. salvadorii ( Fig. 183)

- Spermathecal calyx usually not tubular (if tubular, not constricted medially), and with major duct not swollen......... 177

177. Spermathecal calyx tubular, flaring slightly toward vesicle or not............................................. 178

- Spermatheca not tubular............................................................................. 179

178. Spermathecal calyx flaring slightly toward vesicle, and with atrium inconspicuous; fixed and movable cheliceral digits respectively with eight and four teeth; seta Z4 almost as long as distance Z4–S5 ................ T. corniformis ( Fig. 170)

- Spermathecal calyx not flaring toward vesicle, and with atrium conspicuously nodular; fixed and movable digits respectively with 10–11 and three teeth; seta Z4 about half as long as distance Z4–S5 ............................ T. japi ( Fig. 174)

179. Macrosetae of genu, tibia and tarsus IV respectively 37–50, 28–38 and 42–59 µm long; spermathecal calyx disc-shaped....................................................................................... T. mangleae ( Fig. 176)

- Macrosetae of leg IV much shorter; spermathecal calyx cone-shaped.......................................... 180

180. Macrosetae on all legs; macrosetae of genu, tibia and tarsus IV respectively about 23–26, 15–20 and 32–36 µm long...................................................................................... T. cananeiensis ( Fig. 168)

- Macrosetae only on genu, tibia and tarsus IV, respectively about 17, 14 and 27 µm long......... T. constrictatus ( Fig. 169)

181. Spermathecal calyx cone- or funnel-shaped, so that its diameter next to atrium is much narrower than next to vesicle.... 182

- Spermathecal calyx short-tubular, saccular to cup-shaped, with diameter next to atrium not much narrower than next to vesicle........................................................................................... 185

182. Spermatheca with calyx cone-shaped, the diameter increasing uniformly toward vesicle............. T. fordycei ( Fig. 172)

- Spermatheca with calyx funnel-shaped, with a short section next to atrium of uniform diameter followed by a longer section with increasing diameter toward vesicle................................................................. 183

183. Spermathecal major duct well sclerotised near atrium, where it seems partially encircled by an incomplete ring, beyond which the duct broadens up.............................................................. T. baculiductus ( Fig. 167)

- Spermatheca different............................................................................... 184

184. Setae Z4, Z5, s4, S 2 and Jv5 capitate.................................................... T. paramilus ( Fig. 179)

- Setae Z4, Z5, s4, S2 and Jv5 not capitate..................................................... T. furcus ( Fig. 173)

185. Spermathecal calyx short-tubular, about 9 μm long; atrium inconspicuous..................... T. theobromae ( Fig. 184)

- Spermathecal calyx saccular to cup-shaped, about 15 μm long; atrium conspicuous............... T. sabaculus ( Fig. 182)