Catapionus mopsus, Grebennikov, Vasily V., 2016

Grebennikov, Vasily V., 2016, Flightless Catapionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) in Southwest China survive the Holocene trapped on mountaintops: new species, unknown phylogeny and clogging taxonomy, Zootaxa 4205 (3), pp. 243-254 : 247-248

Catapionus mopsus sp.n.

Figs 1–7 .

Diagnosis. Adult specimens of this nominal species can be likely distinguished from all other Catapionus (and, in fact, from all organisms), by having unique combination of external and genital morphological characters as illustrated in Figs 3–6 , and unique DNA barcodes.

Description. Adults with dense scales on body surface giving beetles bluish or greenish luster (unless scales are partly abrased and body appears more blackish, Fig. 4 ); antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 2; temples behind eyes with longitudinal black strip bearing no scales ( Figs 7A–D ); pronotum along midline about 1.1–1.3x as long as its maximal width; elytral lateral contour more rounded in females ( Figs 4 A, 6A) than in males ( Figs 3 A, 5A). Holotype, male ( Figs 3 A–H). GenBank accession: KU748534 . Intraspecific variation. Male ( Figs 5 A–H) and females ( Figs 4 A–G, 6A–H); GenBank accessions as in Fig.7 E.

Material examined. Holotype ( ZCAS): “ CHINA, Yunnan, Haba Shan , N27°20'51" E100°05'33", 27.vi . 2012, 4158m, under rock, V. Grebennikov ”, “CNCCOLVG00005402”. Paratypes ( CNC, ZCAS; specimen numbers as in Fig. 7 E): 5 exx in total: same locality data as holotype. Additional specimens ( CNC): six specimens from Mt. Haba (collected either together with the holotype, or on June 28, 2012 at 4195 m) and seven specimens from Mt. Gongga with labels “P.R. CHINA, Sichuan, NE slope Gongga Shan , N29°52'04" E102°01'53", 12.vi . 2011, 3533m, under stone, V.Grebennikov ” or “P.R. CHINA, Sichuan, NE slope Gongga Shan , N29°54'40" E102°00'37", 13.vi . 2011, 4143m, under stone, V.Grebennikov”, specimen numbers of six of them used for DNA barcodes are in Fig. 7 E.

Distribution. This species consists of two populations ( Fig. 1 ): one on Mt. Haba in Yunnan (the type locality) at altitude of 4,158–4,195 m and another on Mt. Gongga in Sichuan at altitude of 3,533–4,143 m.

Etymology. The species epithet is a Latinized Greek mythical name of Mopsus , an Argonaut, who understood the language of birds and died from a snakebite in Libya; noun in apposition.

Results of mtDNA analysis. Phylogeographic analysis grouped 12 sequences of the new Catapionus species in two clusters corresponding to both localities: Mt. Haba and Mt. Gongga ( Fig. 7 E). The time of mtDNA divergence between both populations was estimated at about 3.65 Mya ( Fig. 7 E).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Known distribution of Catapionus weevils; two new records in Southwest China are indicated by numbered red circles.

FIGURE 2. Habitats and live adults of Catapionus mopsus sp. n. on Mt. Gongga (A – C) and on Mt. Haba (D – F).

FIGURE 3. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., male, Mt. Haba, specimen 5402, holotype. A – D: habitus; E – G: aedeagus and parameres; H: sternites 8 and 9.

FIGURE 4. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., female, Mt. Haba, specimen 4584, paratype. A – D: habitus; E: sternites 9; F: sternite 8; G; spermatheca.

FIGURE 5. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., male, Mt. Gongga, specimen 2740. A – D: habitus; E – G: aedeagus and parameres; H: sternites 8 and 9.

FIGURE 6. Catapionus mopsus sp. n., female, Mt. Gongga, specimen 2741. A – D: habitus; E – F: sternites 8, 9 and spermatheca (E: ventral; F: dorsal); G: sternite 8; H: spermatheca.

FIGURE 7. A – D: rostra of specimens of Catapionus mopsus sp. n. depicted on Figs. 3 – 6, respectively. E: ultrametric time tree obtained using BEAST software to date evolutionary events of Catapionus in Southwest China. Numbers at nodes are million years before present. Node bars represent 95 % confidence interval of the age estimate. GenBank accessions are preceded by four digit specimen number; HT denotes the holotype. F: rate on introduction of 38 valid Catapionus nominal species grouped by decades (37 names from Alonso-Zarazaga 2013, plus C. mopsus sp. n. described herein; taxonomic changes pertaining to Japanese fauna by Morimoto et al. 2015 are not included); note that the vast majority of species was named in the XIX century followed by a remarkable decline.