Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius, 1798)

Ma, Yunlong, Yang, Xingke & Liu, Xingyue, 2020, Notes on the green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx Brauer, 1864 (s. str.) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from China, with description of a new species, ZooKeys 906, pp. 41-71 : 41

Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius, 1798) Figs 5 , 7 , 8 , 58-63 , 64-66 , 67-72 , 73-76 , 77-82 , 83-85 , 99-101 , 108 , 113

Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida : Fabricius 1798: 202 (original: Hemerobius ; type locality: "India orientali" [E. India]; holotype in ZMUK); Schneider 1851: 161 ( Chrysopa ); Walker 1853: 274 ( Chrysopa ); Brauer 1864: 900 ( Ankylopteryx ); van der Weele 1909: 58 ( Ankylopteryx ); Banks 1939: 473 (key to Chinese species, Ankylopteryx ); Brooks and Barnard 1990: 265 ( Ankylopteryx (Ankylopteryx) ).

Ankylopteryx (A.) fraterna Banks, 1939: 473 (key to Chinese species; original: Ankylopteryx ; type locality: Guangdong and Hainan (China); syntypes in MCZ); Yang et al. 2005: 51 (A key to Chinese species, Ankylopteryx (Ankylopteryx) ). syn. nov.

Ankylopteryx (A.) laticosta Banks, 1939: 472 (original: Ankylopteryx ; type locality: Guangdong and Hainan (China); syntypes in MCZ), 473 (key to Chinese species); Brooks and Barnard 1990: 265 ( Ankylopteryx (Ankylopteryx) ); Yang et al. 2005: 51 (key to Chinese species), 53 ( Ankylopteryx (Ankylopteryx) ). syn. nov.

Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang 1987: 204 (original: Ankylopteryx ; type locality: Shajiong (China, Xizang, Zäyu); holotype in CAU); Yang et al. 2005: 51 (key to Chinese species), 54 ( Ankylopteryx (Ankylopteryx) ). syn. nov.

Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang 1987: 205 (original: Ankylopteryx ; type locality: Dongjiong (China, Xizang, Zäyu); holotype in CAU); Yang et al. 2005: 51 (key to Chinese species), 56 ( Ankylopteryx (Ankylopteryx) ). syn. nov.

Material examined.

China: 1 ♂, Fujian, Shaowu, 1943.IX.1 (CAU); 1 ♂, Fujian, Dehua, Shuikou, 1974.XI.6, Li Fasheng (CAU); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Fujian, Dehua, Shuikou, 1974.XI.6, Yang Chikun (CAU); 1 ♂, Fujian, Dehua, Shuikou, 1974.XI.13, Yang Chikun (CAU); 1♀, Jiangxi, Shangrao, 1978.IV.30, Yang Chikun; 1 ♂, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 240 m, 1982.V.18, Yang Chikun (CAU); 1 ♂, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 240 m, 1982.V.19, Li Fasheng (CAU); 2 ♂, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 240 m, 1982.V.18, Li Fasheng (CAU); 1ex, Guangxi, Ningming, Longrui, 180 m, 1984.V.16, Li Fasheng (CAU); 2 ♀, Guangxi, Ningming, Longrui, 180 m, 1984.V.17, Li Fasheng (CAU); 1 ♂, Guangxi, Jinxiu, 720 m, 1982.VI.11, Li Fasheng (CAU); 3 ♀, Sichuan, Leshan, 1978.IX.20, Li Fasheng (CAU); 1 ♂, Chongqing, Liangping, Luojia, Shapingba, Li Zhifei (CAU); 1 ♀, Guizhou, Libo, Maolan, Banzhai, 2013.X.13, Liu Xingyue (CAU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Guizhou, Libo, Maolan, Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Liu Xingyue (CAU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Guizhou, Libo, Maolan, Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Liang Feiyang (CAU); 2 ♀, Yunnan, Puer, Taiyanghe National Forestry Park, 1450 m, E101.3 N22.68, 2016.VIII.12, Jiang Yunlan (CAU); 1 ♀, Guangdong, Huizhou, Xiangtoushan, Wang Mengqing (CAU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Lyu Yanan (CAU); 1 ♂, Hainan, Diaoluoshan, 2014.V.4, Lu Xiumei (CAU); 1 ♂, Xizang, Zäyu, Shajiong, 1570 m, 1978.VI.26, Li Fasheng (holotype of Ankylopteryx lii Yang, 1987) (CAU); 1 ♂, Xizang, Zäyu, Dongjiong, 1570 m, 1978.VI.26, Li Fasheng (holotype of Ankylopteryx tibetana Yang, 1987) (CAU); 1 ♂, Xizang, Zäyu, Shajiong, 1700 m, 1978.VI.25, Li Fasheng (paratype of Ankylopteryx tibetana Yang, 1987) (CAU); 1 ♂, 5 ♀, Taiwan, Pingtung, Lilungshan, 2013.VI.18, Liang Feiyang (CAU). Japan: 5 ♀, Okinawa, Iriomote-jima, Airagawa, Komi, 2012.VI.29, Liu Xingyue (CAU). Laos: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Luang Namtha, Nam Ha NBCA, Along Route 3, 690-750 m, 2016.III.22, Liu Xingyue (CAU).

Diagnosis.

Stripes below toruli from absent to visibly present; frontal markings contiguous with clypeal markings and genal marking. Scape usually with brownish stripe. First intramedian cell short and wide. General width of gonarcus normal; entoprocessus attached at basal fifth to fourth of gonarcus, about as long as gonarcus; pseudopenis short and curved, about twice as long as entoprocessus.

Distribution.

China (Fujiang, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan, Xizang); Japan (Okinawa); Laos (Luang Namtha); India (eastern India).

Remarks.

Seven subspecies hitherto are placed under the species A. octopunctata , which are separately distributed. According to the known distribution of A. octopunctata candida and the character mentioned above, we assigned the materials examined to this subspecies.

Synonyms.

Ankylopteryx fraterna and A. laticosta were first recorded by Banks (1939). In the original literature, he mentioned that the key difference between A. fraterna and A. octopunctata candida was the presence or absence of brownish stripe on scape (absence in A. fraterna versus presence in A. octopunctata candida ); differences between A. laticosta and A. octopunctata candida are the coloration of the costal vein (black for a short distance in A. laticosta versus not black in A. octopunctata candida ), costal area (unusually broad in A. laticosta versus normal in A. octopunctata candida ), and the number of lower Banksian cells (two in A. laticosta versus three in A. octopunctata candida ). We have studied the specimens of A. octopunctata candida from various localities and found the difference mentioned above is continuous in this species. We, therefore, synonymize A. fraterna and A. laticosta with A. octopunctata candida . We have also studied the holotypes of A. lii and A. tibetana . The external characters (frontal stripes and markings, and markings on both wings) of three nominal species are similar. We dissected specimens of each of the three species, found no significant difference among them, and therefore confirmed the synonymization of A. lii and A. tibetana with A. octopunctata candida .

Figures

Figure 113. Known distribution of Ankylopteryx (s. str.) species from China and neighboring countries. Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara (white diamond); Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida Fabricius (black diamond).

Figures 1 - 9. Habitus photos of the Ankylopteryx species. 1 Ankylopteryx (A.) delicatula Banks, 1937 (Yunnan, Jinghong, sex unknown, CAU) 2 Ankylopteryx (A.) doleschalii Brauer, 1864, paratype (Indonesia, Ambonia, paratype, male, provided by NHMV) 3 Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Guangxi, Longzhou, female, CAU) 4 Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara, 1955 (Guangxi, Ningming, female, CAU) 5 Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang, 1987 (Xizang, Zaeyu, paratype, male, CAU) 6 Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculata Yang, 1987 (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU) 7 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius, 1798) (Guangxi, Ningming, female, CAU) 8 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov. (Taiwan, Pingtung, paratype, female, CAU) 9 Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang, 1987 (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figures 58 - 63. Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculatus Yang (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). 58 head, frontal 59 head, lateral 60 head and thorax, dorsal 61 protibia and mesotibia 62 forewing 63 hind wing.

Figures 64 - 66. Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang, male abdomen (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). 64 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 65 gonarcal complex, dorsal 66 gonarcal complex, dorsolateral. cc callus cerci ent entoprocessus gsac gonosaccus gon gonarcus pp pseudopenis S 8 + 9 fused eighth + ninth sternum T 8 eighth tergum T 9 + e ninth tergum + ectoproct.

Figures 67 - 72. Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricis) (Guangxi, Ningming, male, CAU). 67 head, frontal 68 head, frontolateral 69 head, thorax and protibia, dorsal 70 mesotibia 71 forewing 72 hind wing.

Figures 73 - 76. Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida Fabricius, male abdomen (Laos, Luang Namtha, male, CAU). 73 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 74 callus cerci 75 gonarcal complex, dorsal 76 gonarcal complex, lateral. cc callus cerci ent entoprocessus gsac gonosaccus gon gonarcus pp pseudopenis S 8 + 9 fused eighth + ninth sternum T 8 eighth tergum T 9 + e ninth tergum + ectoproct.

Figures 77 - 82. Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang (Xizang, Zaeyu, paratype, male, CAU). 77 head, frontal 78 head, lateral 79 head, thorax and protibia, dorsal 80 protibia and mesotibia 81 forewing 82 hind wing.

Figures 83 - 85. Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang, male abdomen (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). 83 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 84 callus cerci 85 gonarcal complex, dorsal. cc callus cerci ent entoprocessus gsac gonosaccus gon gonarcus pp pseudopenis S 8 + 9 fused eighth + ninth sternum T 8 eighth tergum T 9 + e ninth tergum + ectoproct.

Figures 99 - 107. Gonarcal complex. 99 Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang, dorsal 100 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius), dorsal 101 Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang, dorsal 102 Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculatus Yang, dorsal 103 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov., dorsal 104 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius), lateral 105 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov., lateral 106 Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi, dorsal 107 Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara, dorsal.

Figures 108 - 111. Pseudopenis, line drawings in lateral view. 108 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius) 109 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov. 110 Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi 111 Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara