Caraibops trispinosus ( Mochizuki & Sano, 1984 )

Schwarzhans, Werner W. & Prokofiev, Artem M., 2017, Reappraisal of Synagrops Günther, 1887 with rehabilitation and revision of Parascombrops Alcock, 1889 including description of seven new species and two new genera (Perciformes: Acropomatidae), Zootaxa 4260 (1), pp. 1-74 : 13-15

Caraibops trispinosus ( Mochizuki & Sano, 1984)

Figs. 2B , 4 , 7N , 10G , 13N , 15 V – X, 34, Tables 2–7

Synagrops trispinosus Mochizuki & Sano 1984 : fig. 1 (holotype: USNM 232321 ; type-location off Venezuela, 10°45’N, 66°37’W, 230 m).

Synagrops trispinosus: Garzon & Acero 1986: 316 ; Mejia et al. 2001: 207; Heemstra & Yamanoue 2002: 1302; Ruiz-Carus et al. 2004: 151.

Material examined (13 specimens). CAS 61035, 5 specimens, 80–119 mm SL, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL, CAS 61041, 4 specimens, 81–104 mm SL, off Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 18°13’N, 67°18’W, 356–384 m ; USNM 407745, 78 mm SL, off Honduras ; USNM 407771, 16 °04’N, 87°14’W, off Honduras, 240–277 m ; USNM 436690, 62.5 mm SL, western Caribbean off Panama, 247– 256 m .

Description. Counts and measurements are given in Tables 2–7. Body slender, gracile. Snout long, pointed; interorbital space almost flat. Posterior edge of maxillary almost straight with postero-dorsal and postero-ventral angles rounded. Anterior and posterior nasal openings roundish, almost of equal size; posterior opening being closer to anterior one than to anterior rim of orbit. Preopercle without denticles along inner edge, except the smallest specimen examined (62.5 mm SL) which has up to 9 minute denticles or crenulations, and which disappear in larger fishes; preopercular lobe lacking cross-ridges; denticles of hind margin serration very weak, not extending onto preopercular lobe. Cranial crests W-shaped, very weak. D1 with 8 visible spines, 9th spine reduced to a minute bump-like element, visible on radiographs only; D2 with 1 spine and 10 branched rays; anal fin with 3 spines of similar thickness and 9 branched rays. Anterior laminar bony extension of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore two-thirds very broad in proximal abruptly decreasing distally. Proximal-middle radial of first anal-fin pterygiophore straight and sharply pointed, lacking a groove at anterior edge, reaching first haemal spine. Pelvicfin spine serrated along its outer edge; all other fin spines smooth. Last pair of pleural ribs very long. First haemal spine moderately expanded. Tip of first haemal spine closely-set to the anterior margin of second haemal spine at its midlength. Three epurals, the first curved anteriorly, with a wide space between the neural processes of the 2nd and 3rd preural vertebrae. Scales highly deciduous; 46–51 scales along lateral line ( Mochizuki & Sano 1984).

Dentition. Premaxillary with two pairs of strong canines near symphysis, followed posteriorly by a wide band of tiny, conical teeth. Dentary with pair of canines and band of minute conical teeth near symphysis, followed posteriorly by row of several small conical teeth, and two to three enlarged canine-like teeth on each side. Vomer with reduced dentition: narrow V-shaped ridge with few granular teeth anteriorly and two to three rather long, canine-like teeth posteriorly on each side. Palatines with single row of sharp conical teeth. No teeth on ectopterygoid. Tongue toothless.

Otolith morphology (n = 8). Otolith elongate, thin; OL:OH = 1.85–2.05; OL:OT about 4. Dorsal rim shallow, nearly straight, with rounded postdorsal angle located far backward near posterior tip of otolith. Ventral rim deeply curved, deepest anterior of the middle, distinctly upward bent anterior and posterior. Anterior tip with blunt rostrum positioned dorsal of otolith axis; no antirostrum or excisura. Posterior rim rounded, distinctly shifted dorsally. Rims smooth or slightly undulating. Inner face slightly convex with shallow, distinctly supramedian sulcus. Ostium shallow, about twice as wide as cauda, oval in shape, with distinct colliculum, tip of rostrum being in level with dorsal rim of ostium. Cauda slightly deepened, narrow, slightly bent downwards posteriorly. CaL:OsL = 1.1–1.2. Dorsal depression shallow and indistinct. Ventral furrow distinct, markedly turned upward posteriorly and terminating close to the ventral turn of the cauda. Outer face flat, rather smooth.

Size. To 12 cm according Heemstra & Yamanoue (2002). Largest specimen in our materials attains 104 mm SL.

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. As given for the genus.

Figures

FIGURE 2 A – F. Examples of cranial crests: A, Kaperangus microlepis n. gen., CAS 222834, SL 78.5 mm; B, Caraibops trispinosus n. gen., CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; C, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; D, Parascombrops argyreus, BPBM 23839, 118 mm SL; E, Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL; F, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 1879.5. 14.167, lectotype, 70 mm SL. Lower images with crests highlighted.

FIGURE 4 A – B. Caraibops trispinosus (Mochizuki & Sano, 1984) n. gen.; CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL.

FIGURE 7 A – Q. Head profiles of Parascombrops, Caraibops, Kaperangus, Synagrops and Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis. A, Parascombrops analis, MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus, ZMUC P 44272, 122 mm SL; C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., BMNH 1986.10. 9.79. 85, paratype, 4 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMBA-P 782, holotype, 166 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., BSKU 102255, holotype, SL 97 mm; G, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; H, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 98886, holotype, 57.5 mm SL; I, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 44428, 64.5 mm SL; J, Parascombrops philippinensis, ZMA 112.453 (paralectotype of P. malyanus), 52 mm SL; K, Parascombrops serratospinosus, CAS 238016, 67.5 mm SL; L, Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL; M, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 23097, paratype, 70 mm SL; N, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; O, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; P, Synagrops japonicus, ZMUC P 44324, 159 mm SL; 7 Q, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolpis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 10 A – H. Dentition of vomer, palatines and ectopterygoids: A, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 392727, 84 mm SL; B, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 2016.9. 14.1, paralectotype, 74 mm SL; C, Parascombrops serratospinosus, BSKU 16827, 67 mm SL; 10 D, Parascombrops spinosus, MNHN 1989 - 0411, 82 mm SL; E, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 96.5 mm SL; F, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 11343, paratype, 82 mm SL; G, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; H, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 13 A – Q. Anal-fin pterygiophores and shape of large first anal-fin pterygiophore of genera Parascombrops, Caraibops, Kaperangus, Synagrops and of Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis. A, Parascombrops analis, BSKU 94343, 74.5 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus, AMS I. 42758 - 006, 120 mm SL; C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., USNM 436684, paratype, 73 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMBA-P 3887, paratype, 98 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., BSKU 102255, holotype, 97 mm SL; G, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; H, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 15219, paratype, 70 mm SL; I, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 44428, 65.5 mm SL; J, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 2016.9. 14.1, paralectotype, 64 mm SL; K, Parascombrops serratospinosus, CAS 238016, 67.5 mm SL; L, Parascombrops spinosus, MNHN 1989 - 0411, 82 mm SL; M, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 15571, paratype, 102 mm SL; N, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; O, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; P, Synagrops japonicus, MNHN 1998 - 0993, 84 mm SL; Q, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolpis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 15 A – AC. Otoliths (inner faces and representative ventral views): A – F, Parascombrops pellucidus (A – C = BMNH 1939.5.24.892 - 894, D – F = BMNH 1939.5.24.880 - 891); G – L, Parascombrops philippinensis (G – H = NSMT-P 59313, I = BSKU 116496, J = NSMT-P 57379, K – L = ZMA 112. 454, Synagrops malayanus paralectotype); M – O, Parascombrops spinosus (M – N = MCZ 169467, O = USNM 395230); P – R, Parascombrops serratospinosus (USNM 99324); S – U, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp. (NMMB-P 23097); V – X, Caraibops trispinosus (15 V – W = USNM 407771, 15 X = USNM 407745); Y – AA, Kaperangus microlepis (CAS 222834); AB – AC, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis (USNM 407758).