Kaperangus microlepis ( Norman, 1935 )

Schwarzhans, Werner W. & Prokofiev, Artem M., 2017, Reappraisal of Synagrops Günther, 1887 with rehabilitation and revision of Parascombrops Alcock, 1889 including description of seven new species and two new genera (Perciformes: Acropomatidae), Zootaxa 4260 (1), pp. 1-74 : 15-17

Kaperangus microlepis ( Norman, 1935)

Figs. 2A , 5 , 7O , 10E , 11A , 12C , 13O , 15 Y – AA, 34, Tables 2–7

Synagrops microlepis Norman 1935: 12 , fig. 3 (syntypes: BMNH 1935.5.11.51-60; type-location off St. Paul de Loanda, Angola).

Synagrops microlepis: Schultz 1940: 419 ; Blache et al. 1970: 287; Heemstra 1986: 563; Smith 1990: 694; Bianchi et al. 1993: 128; Smale et al. 1995: pl. 56; Prokofiev 2006: 5.

Material examined (46 specimens). CAS 222834, 5 specimens, 61.5–96.5 mm SL, off Angola, 11°45’S, 13°29’E, 160 m ; CAS 222921, 2 specimens (otoliths only), off Angola, 17°14’S, 11°29’E, 144–150 m ; CAS 223183, 5 specimens, 94.5– 114 mm SL, off Angola, 11°32’S, 13°21’E, 361–364 m ; IOM, uncatalogued, 22 specimens, 75.5–105.0 mm SL, off Mauritania; ZHB 23279 , 1 specimen (otolith only), off NW Africa; ZIN 42265, 5 specimens, 71.0–84.0 mm SL, Walvis Bay, 23°34’S, 14°00’E ; ZMMGU 14869 and 14870, 3 specimens, 110.0–115.0 mm SL, off Dakar; ZMUC P.44151-53, 3 specimens (otoliths only), off Equatorial Guinea, 02°09’N, 09°27’E.

Description. Counts and measurements are given in Tables 2–7. Body slender, snout long, pointed, interorbital space almost flat. Posterior edge of maxillary almost straight with postero-dorsal and postero-ventral angles rather sharp. Anterior and posterior nasal openings round, of almost equal size; posterior opening situated midway between anterior opening and anterior rim of orbit. Preopercular lobe without longitudinal ridges; denticles of hind margin serration weak, not extending onto preopercular lobe; inner edge of preopercle with numerous, 6–13 denticles. Cranial crests very weak, U-shaped. D1 with 9 visible spines, 9th spine well-developed, a little shorter than 8th; D 2 I + 10; anal fin II + 9. Two supraneurals; predorsal formula /0/0+2/. Anterior laminar bony extension of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore gradually decreasing toward the tip. Proximal-middle radial of first anal-fin pterygiophore nearly straight and slightly widened, anteriorly hollow with pointed tip, reaching parapophyses of last abdominal vertebra. All fin spines smooth. Last pair of pleural ribs weak. First haemal spine very slightly expanded. First and second haemal spines widely spaced at tips. Scales highly deciduous; about 40 scales along lateral line.

Dentition. Premaxillary with two pairs of strong canines near symphysis, followed posteriorly by a band of tiny conical teeth. Dentary with a pair of canines near symphysis followed posteriorly by a band of minute, conical teeth further followed by two to three enlarged canine-like teeth on each side. Vomer with broad triangular patch with numerous granular teeth anteriorly, in 2–4 rows, and a row of long canine-like teeth posteriorly. Palatines with a single row of sharp conical teeth. No teeth on ectopterygoid. Tongue toothless.

Otolith morphology (n = 9). Otolith elongate, very thin and flat; OL:OH = 1.75–2.0, increasing with size; OL:OT about 10–13. Dorsal rim moderately high, higher than ventral rim deep, with prominent, broad, rounded mediodorsal angle and broad, somewhat depressed postdorsal angle located at some distance from posterior tip of otolith. Ventral shallow, deepest anterior of the middle, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly nearly straight. Anterior tip with rounded rostrum positioned at about otolith axis; no antirostrum or excisura. Posterior rim rounded, its tip located below tip of cauda. Rims smooth or finely undulating. Inner face almost completely flat with shallow, slightly supramedian sulcus. Ostium shallow, about twice as wide as cauda, oval in shape, with distinct colliculum, tip of rostrum being positioned at mid-level. Cauda slightly deepened, narrow, almost straight with very slightly swung and tapering tip. CaL:OsL = 1.05–1.2. Dorsal depression shallow, small, but rather distinct above collum. Ventral furrow moderately distinct, markedly turned upward posteriorly and terminating close to tip of cauda. Outer face flat, with numerous fine radial furrows.

Size. Attains 115 mm SL.

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. As given for the genus.

Figures

FIGURE 2 A – F. Examples of cranial crests: A, Kaperangus microlepis n. gen., CAS 222834, SL 78.5 mm; B, Caraibops trispinosus n. gen., CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; C, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; D, Parascombrops argyreus, BPBM 23839, 118 mm SL; E, Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL; F, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 1879.5. 14.167, lectotype, 70 mm SL. Lower images with crests highlighted.

FIGURE 5 A – B. Kaperangus microlepis (Norman, 1935) n. gen.; CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL.

FIGURE 7 A – Q. Head profiles of Parascombrops, Caraibops, Kaperangus, Synagrops and Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis. A, Parascombrops analis, MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus, ZMUC P 44272, 122 mm SL; C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., BMNH 1986.10. 9.79. 85, paratype, 4 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMBA-P 782, holotype, 166 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., BSKU 102255, holotype, SL 97 mm; G, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; H, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 98886, holotype, 57.5 mm SL; I, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 44428, 64.5 mm SL; J, Parascombrops philippinensis, ZMA 112.453 (paralectotype of P. malyanus), 52 mm SL; K, Parascombrops serratospinosus, CAS 238016, 67.5 mm SL; L, Parascombrops spinosus, USNM 395230, 95.5 mm SL; M, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 23097, paratype, 70 mm SL; N, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; O, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; P, Synagrops japonicus, ZMUC P 44324, 159 mm SL; 7 Q, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolpis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 10 A – H. Dentition of vomer, palatines and ectopterygoids: A, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 392727, 84 mm SL; B, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 2016.9. 14.1, paralectotype, 74 mm SL; C, Parascombrops serratospinosus, BSKU 16827, 67 mm SL; 10 D, Parascombrops spinosus, MNHN 1989 - 0411, 82 mm SL; E, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 96.5 mm SL; F, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 11343, paratype, 82 mm SL; G, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; H, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 11 A – E. Preopercular serrations: A, inner and outer edges serrated, serrations of outer edge extending onto preopercle as radial crests (Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL); B, inner and outer edges serrated, serration of outer edge extending onto preopercle as radial crests, and small spike present at upper central portion (Parascombrops analis, MNHN 1998 - 1056, 82 mm SL); C, inner and outer edges serrated, no serrations on preopercle, two ridges on central portion of preopercle (Parascombrops argyreus, BPBM 23839, 118 mm SL); D, inner and outer edges serrated, serrations of outer edge extending onto preopercle as radial crests, and one ridge on central portion of preopercle (Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 15221, paratype, 74 mm SL); E, inner and outer edges serrated, no serrations or ridges on preopercle (Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 1879.5. 14.167, lectotype, 70 mm SL). Right images show characters enhanced by drawing and annotation.

FIGURE 12 A – E. Gills and pseudobranchial filaments: A, gill arch showing many developed rakers (Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., USNM 436685, paratype, 64 mm SL); B, gill arch with a low number of developed rakers and atrophied remnants of rakers at each end of the arch (Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., MNHN 1998 - 0993, paratype, 100 mm SL); C – D, pseudobranch with low number of filaments (C = Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; D = Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., USNM 436685, paratype, 64 mm SL); E, pseudobranch with many filaments (Parascombrops argyreus, BPBM 23839, 119 mm SL).

FIGURE 13 A – Q. Anal-fin pterygiophores and shape of large first anal-fin pterygiophore of genera Parascombrops, Caraibops, Kaperangus, Synagrops and of Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis. A, Parascombrops analis, BSKU 94343, 74.5 mm SL; B, Parascombrops argyreus, AMS I. 42758 - 006, 120 mm SL; C, Parascombrops glossodon n. sp., USNM 436684, paratype, 73 mm SL; D, Parascombrops madagascariensis n. sp., MNHN 2008 - 1769, holotype, 68.5 mm SL; E, Parascombrops mochizukii n. sp., NMMBA-P 3887, paratype, 98 mm SL; F, Parascombrops nakayamai n. sp., BSKU 102255, holotype, 97 mm SL; G, Parascombrops ohei n. sp., BSKU 72614, holotype, 75 mm SL; H, Parascombrops parvidens n. sp., BSKU 15219, paratype, 70 mm SL; I, Parascombrops pellucidus, USNM 44428, 65.5 mm SL; J, Parascombrops philippinensis, BMNH 2016.9. 14.1, paralectotype, 64 mm SL; K, Parascombrops serratospinosus, CAS 238016, 67.5 mm SL; L, Parascombrops spinosus, MNHN 1989 - 0411, 82 mm SL; M, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp., NMMB-P 15571, paratype, 102 mm SL; N, Caraibops trispinosus, CAS 61040, 97.5 mm SL; O, Kaperangus microlepis, CAS 222834, 78.5 mm SL; P, Synagrops japonicus, MNHN 1998 - 0993, 84 mm SL; Q, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolpis, CAS 61164, 91 mm SL.

FIGURE 15 A – AC. Otoliths (inner faces and representative ventral views): A – F, Parascombrops pellucidus (A – C = BMNH 1939.5.24.892 - 894, D – F = BMNH 1939.5.24.880 - 891); G – L, Parascombrops philippinensis (G – H = NSMT-P 59313, I = BSKU 116496, J = NSMT-P 57379, K – L = ZMA 112. 454, Synagrops malayanus paralectotype); M – O, Parascombrops spinosus (M – N = MCZ 169467, O = USNM 395230); P – R, Parascombrops serratospinosus (USNM 99324); S – U, Parascombrops yamanouei n. sp. (NMMB-P 23097); V – X, Caraibops trispinosus (15 V – W = USNM 407771, 15 X = USNM 407745); Y – AA, Kaperangus microlepis (CAS 222834); AB – AC, Ƒerilus pseudomicrolepis (USNM 407758).