Camptocerus niger (Fabricius)

Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2010, A taxonomic revision of Camptocerus Dejean (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Insecta Mundi 2010 (148), pp. 1-88 : 34-38

Camptocerus niger (Fabricius)

(Fig. 22, 53)

Camptocerus niger (Fabricius) 1801: 393 ( Hylesinus ). Lectotype: male, [ GUYANA]: ‘Essequibo’ [River] (ZMUC). Lectotype designated Wood 1982: 415.

Camptocerus squammiger Chapuis 1869: 259 . Lectotype (here designated): male, [ FRENCH GUIANA]: ‘Cayenne’ (ISNB). Synonymy: Eggers 1934: 27.

Camptocerus tectus Eggers 1943: 245 . Holotype: male, BRAZIL: Pernambuco: Serra da Bernada , 5.vi.1894, (Duhant), Strohmeyer Collection (SDEI). New synonymy.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the unarmed (may have a very faint carina) apical epistomal margin, by the faintly impressed epistoma, by the nearly indistinct recurved carina on the basal epistomal margin (Fig. 2d) and by the 2 thick bands of setae on the male frons.

The female is distinguished from that of C. auricomus by the absence of pointed setae on declivital interstriae.

Redescription (male). 2.8-4.1 mm long (mean = 3.5 mm; n = 19); 1.8-2.1 times as long as wide. Color uniformly light orange to dark brown. Elytral interstriae bearing tan and dark brown scales creating a

variable pattern, often forming a ‘X’ shape (often abraded in older specimens). Occasionally, the sides of the ‘X’ are filled with brown scales forming a triangle on each elytron.

Epistoma weakly excavated, expanded to less than quarter length of head, apical epistomal margin unarmed; surface shagreened; lateral margins angled proximally, bearing a single row of setae; basal epistomal margin bearing a nearly indistinct (may be absent) sub-acute, transverse and recurved carina (Fig. 2d). Frons strongly excavated, with the dorsolateral margin of the eyes on the excavation; surface shagreened, lateral fifths glabrous, remaining surface densely covered by 2 thick bands of long, yellow setae, those clearly divided between the median line and extend to proximal epistomal margin; single row of setae lining the lateral margins; ventral margin elevated above epistoma; lateral and dorsal margins rounded. Antennal scape elongate and narrowly rounded distally, with a row of setae on ventral margin; segments 2-7 of funicle bearing brushes of setae 1.5 times the length of scape on ventral margin; dorsal margin bearing setae, those less than 4 funicle segments; anterior face of the club setose with a partial septum.

Apical pronotal margin broadly rounded (Fig. 5a), area between eyes lined with scales; apical third strigulate; basal two-thirds smooth with dense, deep, minute punctures; punctures and vestiture on median line; anterior third bearing long bristles; base and disk bearing short, fine hair-like setae; 2 rows of short bristles above lateral carinae; base strongly bisinuate (Fig. 8c); carina on lateral margin type F (Fig. 7f).

Scutellum shape type C ( Fig. 12c ).

Elytral sides parallel, narrowing to a smooth apex; base never tumid from interstriae 7-9. Disk with each interstriae bearing 3 rows of semi-erect, spatulate setae and 1-2 rows on declivity; interstriae 3 times the width of striae; interstrial punctures strongly confused. Declivity occupying apical half of elytra; each interstriae bearing 2 rows of semierect, spatulate setae; striae weakly impressed, punctures each with a hair-like seta arising from the basal margin, those covering puncture. Tenth interstriae without a carina. Metepisternum shape Figure 22. Camptocerus niger , 2.8-4.1 mm, male. Lateral

(A), dorsal (B); male head anterior (C), anterior oblique type G ( Fig. 9g ); setae palmately divided into 4 or

(D); female head anterior (E), anterior oblique (F). more filaments. Mesosternum shape type C ( Fig. 10c ).

Male genitalia. Median lobe flat, lateral and apical margins with more sclerotization, proximal third parallel-sided, apex broadly acute, apical orifice lightly sclerotized; left side folded dorsally, narrow and strongly arcuate, reaching under right side; right side laterally folded under body and left side projecting above right margin of median lobe. Median struts stout, a quarter of body length. Internal sac central area lightly sclerotized, an accessory of the seminal value with more sclerotization and upside-down “V” shaped ( Fig. 53). Tegmen semi-circular, ventral side elongated proximally. Spicule destroyed in dissection.

Female. Similar to male except epistoma less impressed, less than a quarter length of head, unarmed; covered by 5 rows of setae. Frons flat; 3-4 rows of setae lateral to the median line; lateral margins sometimes strigulate. Each gena with a triangular mycangium (Fig. 4d). Pronotal anterior third covered with long, dense hair-like setae on anterolateral areas; long bristles absent; base and disk covered with short, fine hair-like setae.

Specimens examined. (36M, 31F, 1 unknown sex)

Type Material. Lectotype Camptocerus niger , M ( MZMC) ; Paralectotypes Camptocerus niger, NO LOCALITY : 3F, 1 unknown sex (MZMC); Lectotype Camptocerus squammiger , M ( ISNB) ; Paralectotypes (here designated) Camptocerus squammiger , 1F FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne ( ISNB) ; ‘ South America’ , 1M, 1v ( ISNB) ; ‘ Patria’ , 1M ( ISNB) ; Holotype Camptocerus tectus , M ( SDEI) ; Paratypes, Camptocerus tectus BRAZIL: Pernambuco: Serra da Bernada , 5.vi.1894, (Duhant), 2M (SDEI).

Other material. BOLIVIA: Beni: Cosincho Region, (G.L. Harrington), 1M (USNM); No specific locality ‘ Aragua’, 1F (NHMW); Santa Cruz : Buena Vista vic., Flora & Fauna Hotel, 22-26.x.[20]02, ( Morris / Wappes), 1F (FSCA). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Amazonas Parque, 30 km E Manaus, Amazon River, 110 ft, 17.ii.1981, (Chen-wen Young), 1M, 1F (RJRC), 1F (MSUC); AM 010 km 26, Reserva Ducke, ex. malaise trap, 21.ii.1978, (Jorge Arias), 1M, 1F (USNM); Goyas [= Goiás]: Jatahy, x.1897 - i.1898, 1F (MNHN); [Pará]: Belem, no. 144, xi.1974, (John F. Reinert), 1F (FSCA); Altamira, no. 96, xi.1974, (John F. Reinert), 1M (FSCA); Santa Catarina : Corupa (Hansa Humbolt), xi.1945, (A. Maller), 1M (AMNH). COLOMBIA: Cauca: 10 km SE Tambo, ex. ‘Anime’ [= local name of Protium sp. ], 9.vii.1970, (S.L. Wood), 7M, 10F (MSUC); Putumayo: Mocoa, 26.vi.1974, (M. Cooper), B.M. 1964-548, 1F (BMNH). ECUADOR: Napo: Reserva Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S Onkone Gare Camp, -0.652778, -76.433333, 220 m, ex. canopy fogging, i.1995, (T.L. Erwin et al.), lot 996, 1M (USNM); x.1995, lot 1226, 1M, 1F (USNM); vii.1995, lot 1548, 1F (USNM); Pastaza: Cononaco, -1.55, -75.583333, ex. malaise trap, 29.v.1976, (J. Cohen), 2M (USNM). FRENCH GUIANA: Hwy D6 to Kaw, 33.5 km SE of Roura 10.ii.[19]86, (G. Tavakilian), 1F (TAMU); No specific locality: ‘Cayenne’, 1M (BMNH). GUYANA: No specific locality: ‘Essequibo’ [River] [= Guyana], 2M (MZMC). PERU: Loreto: 1.5 km N Teniente Lopez, -2.583333, -76.1, 210-240 m, ex. flight intercept trap, 9-22.vii.1993, (R. Leschen), 1F (USNM); 70 km SSW from Iquitos to Nauta, 150 m, 5.iii.2008, (A. Petrov), 6M, (MSUC). SURINAME: Commewijne: Akintosoela, 32 km SE Suriname River bridge, road to Redi Doti, 5.271389, -70.2517, 40 m, ex. flight intercept trap, 29.vi.-3.vii.1999, (Z.H. Falin, B. DeDijn, A. Gangagin), 1M (SMEC); No specific locality: ‘Surinam’, 4F (MZMC). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande, 1500-1900m, 8.v.1970, (O’Brien, Marshall), 1M (CASC). NO SPECIFIC LOCALITY: ‘America meridionali’ [= South America], 2M (ISNB).

Discussion. Camptocerus tectus is here designated as a synonym of C. niger based on lack of a transverse carinae on the male frons and identical male genitalia. When Eggers described C. tectus , only specimens of C. auricomus were examined for comparison and not C. niger ( Eggers 1943) .

Distribution. Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz ), Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Santa Catarina ), Colombia (Cauca, Putumayo), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru (Loreto), Suriname, Venezuela (Aragua).

Hosts. Hirtella sp. , ( Chrysobalanaceae ), “Iratinga” ( Beaver 1972), Licania kunthiana Hook. f. ( Chrysobalanaceae ), Protium spp . ( Burseraceae ) (= “Almesca branca” [ Brazil], “Almesca vermelha” [ Brazil], “Breu branco” [ Brazil]) ( Beaver 1972).

Biology. Beaver (1972) provides a detailed life history. Camptocerus niger females excavate a short circumferential gallery below the bark on both sides of the entrance tunnel, and are identical to those produced by C. auricomus (S. M. Smith, pers. obs.) and C. rectus ( Beaver 1972 referencing a pers. comm. with S.L. Wood). Males of Camptocerus niger were also reported to partially block their entrance tunnels median line; anterior third bearing long, slender bristles; base and disk bearing short, fine hair-like setae; 2 rows of short bristles above lateral carinae; base strongly bisinuate (Fig. 8c); carina on lateral margin type F (Fig. 7f).

Scutellum shape type C ( Fig. 12c ).

Elytral sides parallel, narrowing to a smooth apex; base never tumid from interstriae 7-9. Disk with each interstriae bearing 3 rows of semi-erect, thin, spatulate setae and 1-2 rows on declivity; interstriae 3-5 times the width of striae; interstrial punctures strongly confused. Declivity occupying apical half of elytra; each interstriae bearing 2 rows of semi-erect, spatulate setae; first interstria with uniseriate spatulate setae on apical third; striae weakly impressed, punctures each with a hair-like seta arising from the basal margin, those covering puncture and terminating at basal margin of apical puncture. Tenth interstriae without a carina. Metepisternum shape type G ( Fig. 9g ); setae palmately divided into 4 or more filaments. Mesosternum shape type C ( Fig. 10c ).

Male genitalia. Median lobe arcuate, lateral and apical margins with more sclerotization, apex acute; apical orifice lightly sclerotized; lateral margins folded dorsally, each forming a triangle with an apex at the midpoint of median lobe. Median struts broad, stout, a third of body length; apical orifice membranous. Internal sac lightly sclerotized, apically divided into 2 dorsoventrally flattened lobes, ventral lobe slightly reniform, arcuate laterally; dorsal lobe projecting above ventral lobe, flat; basal half composed of 2 narrowly elongated projections densely bearing long hair-like setae ( Fig. 54). Tegmen semi-circular, ventral side elongated proximally. Spicule destroyed in dissection.

Female. Similar to male except epistoma, moderately impressed, less than a quarter length of head, unarmed; covered by 4 rows of setae. Frons flat, with 5-7 rows of setae lateral to the median line. Each gena with a triangular mycangium (Fig. 4d). Unable to examine antennae due to an excessive amount of glue. Pronotal anterior third covered with dense, long slender hair-like setae on anterolateral areas; long bristles absent.

Specimens examined. (6M, 2F)

Type Material. Lectotype Camptocerus occidentalis , M ( USNM) ; Paralectotypes BOLIVIA: No specific locality, ‘Bolivia’, 1M (BMNH), 2F (USNM).

Other material. PERU: Junín: Tarma : Utcuyacu & Agua Dulce, iii.1948, (F. Woytkowski), 1M ( AMNH) ; No specific locality: ‘Peru’, (W. Muller Vermacht), 1909, 1M ( USNM), 2M ( SMTD) .

Distribution. Bolivia, Peru (Junín).

Hosts. Unknown.

Biology. Unknown.

Figures

Figure 9. Character 35: Metepisternum shape (A) type A (state 0; Scolytus ventralis); (B) type B (state 1; Camptocerus noel); (C) type C (state 2; C. latipilis); (D) type D (state 3; C. opacicollis); (E) type E (state 4; Cnemonyx vestitus); (F) type F (state 5; Camptocerus pilifrons); (G) type G (state 6; C. auricomus); (H) type H (state 7; Cnemonyx errans (Blandford)); (I) type I (state 8; Camptocerus quadridens); (J) type J (state 9; Scolytus propinquus Blandford); (K) type K (state A; Cnemonyx boliviae); (L) type L (state B; C. insignis); (M) type M (state C; Camptocerus costatus); (N) type N (state D; Scolytus excavatus); (O) type O (state E; S. schevyrewi); (P) type P (state F; Scolytopsis peruanus); (Q) type Q (state G; Camptocerus unicornus); (R) type R (state H; C. doleae).

Figure 10. Character 36: Mesosternum shape (A) type A (state 0; Camptocerus aeneipennis); (B) type B (state 1; C. costatus); (C) type C (state 2; C. rectus); (D) type D (state 3; C. mallopterus); (E) type E (state 4; C. latipilis); (F) type F (state 5; Cnemonyx vestitus); (G) type G (state 6; C. boliviae); (H) type H (state 7; Scolytopsis peruanus); (I) type I (state 8; Scolytus propinquus); (J) type J (state 9; S. ventralis LeConte; (K) type K (state A; S. multistriatus (Marsham)); (L) type L (state B; Cnemonyx errans); (M) type M (state C; Scolytus schevyrewi); (N) type N (state D; S. excavatus); (O) type O (state E; Camptocerus zucca); (P) type P (state F; C. unicornus).

Figure 12. Character 38: Scutellum shape (A) type A (state 0; Camptocerus aeneipennis); (B) type B (state 1; C. latipilis); (C) type C (state 2; C. rectus); (D) type D (state 3; C. doleae); (E) type E (state 4; C. opacicollis); (F) type F (state 5; Cnemonyx boliviae); (G) type G (state 6; C. rugulosus); (H) type H (state 7; Camptocerus distinctus); (I) type I (state 8; C. quadridens); (J) type J (state 9; Scolytus schevyrewi); (K) type K (state A; Cnemonyx insignis); (L) type L (state B; C. errans); (M) type M (state C: Scolytus excavatus); (N) type N (state D; Cnemonyx vestitus); (O) type O (state E; Scolytopsis peruanus); (P) type P (state F; Camptocerus unicornus).