Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow. Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2010.

Snow, Neil, Peterson, Paul M., Romaschenko, Konstantin & Simon, Bryan K., 2018, Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae), PhytoKeys 93, pp. 1-102 : 61-66

Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow. Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2010. Figures 7 , 8

Megastachya uninervia J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 283. 1830. Poa uninervia (J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 344. 1833. Eragrostis uninervia (J. Presl) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 278. 1854. Brizopyrum uninervium (J. Presl) E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 121. 1886. Leptochloa uninervia (J. Presl) Hitchc. and Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18(7): 383. 1917. Diplachne uninervia (J. Presl) Parodi, Revista Centro Estud. Agron. 18: 147. 1925. Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) N. Snow, Novon 8: 79. 1998. Diplachne fusca (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Phytoenuron 2012-72: 12.

Tridens virens Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 476. 1829. Type. BRAZIL. Habitat in graminosis ad fluvim S. Francisci in provincia Bahiensi et Permambucana, ad Joazeiro et alibi", Collector unknown, Nees Herb. (holotype: BR?, n.v.; isotypes: BAA, fragment ex US [BAA00002970]!, US, fragment ex M [01231703]!).

Diplachne verticillata Nees and Meyen, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19: Sup. 1: 27. 1841; 159. 1843. Nom. Nud. Tridens verticillatus Meyen, Reise Erde 1: 408. 1834, nom. nud. Uralepis verticillata (Nees and Meyen) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 248. 1854. Type. CHILE. Copiapo, Mar 1881, FJF Meyen s.n. (holotype: B†; isotype: US, fragment ex B [00513498]!).

Fetuca glyceroides Steud., Berberid. Amer. Austral. 56. 1857. Nom. nud. Type. PERU. In camp. Medicag. det. Tacna, Lechler 1574 (holotype: P [P00740200]!; isotypes: BAA, fragment (?) [BAA00003539]!; LE [LE00000734]!, GOET, n.v., P [P00740201, P00740202]!, US, fragment ex GOET [00513498]!, W [0032101]!).

Atropis carinata Griseb., Abh. Konigl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24: 291. 1879. Diplachne carinata (Griseb.) Hack., Bol. Acad. Ci. ( Córdoba) 16: 253. 1900. Puccinellia carinata (Griseb.) Ponert, Feddes Repert. 84(9-10): 739. 1974. Type. ARGENTINA. Jujuy: El Volcán, 12-13 May 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus 741 (lectotype, here designated: GOET [GOET006599]!; isolectotypes: BAA, fragment ex CORD [BAA00001517]!, CORD [CORD00004678]!, S, fragment [S05-10049]!).

Leptochloa imbricata Thurb., Bot. California 2: 293. 1880. Diplachne imbricata (Thurb.) Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 10(1): 30. 1883. Rabdochloa imbricata (Thurb.) Kuntze, Révis. Gen. Pl. 2: 788. 1891. Type. United States of America. California. Southern part of San Diego County, Larken’s Station, 1875, E Palmer 404 (lectotype, here designated, NY [00019497]!; isolectotypes: GH [00062450]!, US, fragment ex GH [00386253]!).

Leptochloa virletii E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 147. 1886. Leptochloa virletii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 566. 1885. Nom. nud. Type. MEXICO. Prox de San Luis Potosí, Virlet 1404 (holotype: P; fragment of holotype, US [00478610]!; isotype: BAA [BAA00002178]!.

Diplachne uninervia var. typica fo. abbreviata Parodi, Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 6: 36. 1927; Revista Fac. Agron. Veterin. 6: 18. 1927. Type. ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Basualdo, 13 Noviembre 1925, leg. LR Parodi 6703 (lectotype, here designated: BAA!). The specimen chosen for the lectotype was also cited by Parodi, Rev. Fac. Agron. Veterin. 6: 19. 1927.

Diplachne festuciformis H. Scholz, Willdenowia 11(1): 98. 1981. Type. LIBYA. C Ricceri & CH Steinberg 129 (holotype: FI!).

Type.

MEXICO. Haenke 101 (lectotype, designated by Snow [Novon 8: 79. 1998]: PR!; isolectotypes: LE, W [0028807]!, US, fragment [00513245]!).

Description.

Plants annual (or sometimes weakly perennial in regions with infrequent freezing). Culms (15-) 25-110 cm tall, 2.0-5.0 mm wide at base, round, erect, ascending, often branching; nodes glabrous; internodes 2-11 cm long, soft, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than the internodes, often flattened below, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules 5-8 mm long; blades (2-)5-37 cm long, 2.0-5.5 mm wide, linear, usually densely scabrous above, sparsely to densely scabrous below. Panicles 10-57 × (0.5-) 3-18 cm, branches (3-)10-60 and most or all exserted at maturity; branches (0.3-)2-11 cm long, mostly alternate along the rachis, ascending to erect, stiff or slightly flexuous, minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. Spikelets 5-10 mm long, rarely distant to normally imbricate (sometimes tightly so); florets (3-)6-10; callus sparsely sericeous; lower glumes 1.0-2.6 mm long, narrowly triangular, narrowly ovate, or ovate, glabrous or scabrous on midnerve, acute to aristate or mucronate; upper glumes 1.8-2.8 mm long, obovate to widely ovate, glabrous or scabrous on midnerve, obtuse, acute, or rarely mucronate; lemmas 2.0-3.6 mm long, ovate or elliptic, light brown to very dark green or somewhat plumbeous, lateral nerves more or less prominent and generally extending to edges, sparsely sericeous below on lateral nerves and often midnerve, glabrous between nerves, apex broadly acute, more commonly obtuse to truncate, sometimes bifid or mucronate; paleas subequal or slightly longer than lemma, elliptic, sericeous along nerves; apex obtuse. Stamens 3; anthers 0.4-1.0 mm long, yellow. Caryopses 1.0-1.5 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, elliptic, ovate, or obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth or slightly rugose, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to endosperm.

Leaf anatomy.

As reported above for D. fusca subsp. fascicularis . (Vouchers [at MO]: Snow 5916-F [USA]; Snow & Simon 7387 [Australia].)

Stem anatomy.

Internodes hollow. Inner sclerenchymatous ring present. Peripheral sclerenchymatous ring present. Peripheral sclerenchymatous girders connected to the outermost vascular bundles present or absent. Intervascular peripheral scle renchymatous pillars not associated with outermost vascular bundles absent. Inner sclerenchymatous ring canal tissue absent. Kranz sheath cells present. Kranz sheath cell canal tissue absent or present. Vascular bundles nested in outer portion of Kranz sheath cell canals not applicable. Sclerenchymatous rings surrounding vascular bundles located inside inner sclerenchymatous ring absent. Sclerenchymatous rings (5-10 cells thick) surrounding outermost primary vascular bundles absent.

Chromosome number.

n =10 ( Gould 1958); 2 n =20 ( Gould 1958, 1968).

Phenology.

Flowering throughout the year in both Northern and Southern hemispheres as limited by cold or moisture availability.

Distribution.

The native and non-native distributions of Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia are uncertain, particularly regarding the southwestern USA west of Texas and east of the Mississippi River (but excluding Florida), where it is considered to be non-native based on relatively few older collections (early 20th Century or earlier). In contrast, the occurrences north of Virginia are certainly all non-native. Given its greater abundance in parts of the USA, México and South America (e.g. Argentina, Paraguay), it is hypothesised that this taxon is an amphitropical disjunct, although it was not reported as such previously (Peterson et al. 2007). Native: In the New World mostly south of Latitude 37°N, south to Argentina, occasionally adventive in Old World; open mesic areas, agricultural lands, saline flats, mangrove swamps. Elevation from sea level to 1200 m (TDWG: 74: OKL; 77: TEX; 78: ARK, LOU, FLA; 79: MXC, MXE, MXG, MXN, MXS, MXT; 80: BLZ, COS, HON, NIC; 81: CUB, PUE; 82: VEN; 83: BOL, CLM, ECU, PER; 84: BZC, BZE, BZN, 85: AGE, AGS, AGW, PAR, URU). Non-native: Australia (Snow & Simon 1997), New Zealand, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Spain (TDWG: 11: CZE-CZ; 12: SPA; 34: PAL-JO; 35: SAU; 50: NSW, NTA, QLD, SOA, TAS, WAU; 51: NZN; 63: HAW-HI; 71: BRC; 73: COL, ORE; 74: ILL, KAN, MSO, OKL; 75: MAI, NWJ; 76: ARI, CAL, NEV, UTA; 77: NWM. 78: ALA, GEO, MSI, NCA, SCA, TEN, VRG).

Conservation status.

Least Concern ( IUCN 2012) given its wide distribution.

Etymology.

Uninervia , meaning one-nerved, may be a reference to the prominent nerve on the glumes.

Vernacular names.

Mexican sprangletop. Argentina: hierba paymilla, (Aguilar 1 [NY]). México: zacate salado mexicano; zacate gigante peruano. Venezuela: paja de ratón (Campos 519 [US]).

Comments.

Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia has a greater tendency to become invasive and weedy compared to other taxa in the genus ( Snow and Simon 1999; Perez et al. 2010).

The panicle of D. f. subsp. uninervia generally is completely exerted and (typically) narrowly elliptic to elliptic in profile. Some specimens from Arizona and California have highly contracted panicles with erect branches (Peebles & Harrison 5063 [US]; Lemmon & Lemmon 360 [UC]). However, most others have more open and diffuse pani cles (Pedersen 4071 [M [MO]; Guaglianone et al. 358 [SI]; Snow 6598 [MEXU, MO]). The often truncate (or sub-truncate) and frequently mucronate apex of the lemma and smoky white glumes can make this subspecies appear similar to the southern African form some have called D. cuspidata (e.g. Geiss & Van der Walt 12632 [M, MO]; see Gibbs Russell et al. 1991), which the authors include as a synonym of D. f. subsp. fusca .

The report of D. fusca from the Canary Islands ( Scholz and Böcker 1996) applies to D. f. subsp. uninervia .

Rusts can cause abnormal expansion of florets in South American specimens ( Jörgensen 2445 [SI]; Krapovickas et al. 18507 [P, UC]; Hartley SH126 [US]; Stuckert 18787 [MO, NY, W]).

Specimens examined.

Argentina. Buenos Aires: Dpto. Fred G. Meyer, General Pacheco, en el bañado del río "Las Conchas", Krapovickas 2723 (MO); Becca, Burkart 26443 (US); Retiro, Parodi 8102 (GH); Vicente López, Parodi 7693 (GH). Chaco: Dpto. Resistencia, entre Barranqueras e Isla Antequeras, Krapovickas & Cristóbal 12747 (SI, UC); Las Palmas, Jörgensen 2448 (GH, NY, US); Dpto. San Martín, Ea. La Leonor, Schinini 26276 (GH, MICH, MO). Córdoba: Salinas Grandes, Sánchez & Arriaga 1271 (MU). Dpto. A. M. Anton, La Francia, alrededores de la Estación YFP, Ariza & Astegiano 2502 (NY); Dpto. Cruz del Eje, Salinas Grandes, ruta 38, sobre el límite con La Rioja, Hunziker et al. 15876 (NY); Dpto. Río Primero, Estancia San Teodoro, Stuckert 14834 (MO) Dpto. Marcos Juárez, M. Juárez, Stuckert 14794 (MO, NY); Dpto. Justo, 13 km E de La Francia, Krapovickas et al. 18507 (P, UC). Corrientes: Dpto. Capital, Ruta 12, 11km W de Corrientes, camino a Sta. Ana, Shinini 16056 (US); Dpto. Itatí, Ramada Paso, Krapovickas and Quarín 20928 (NY); Dpto. Mburucuyá, Estancia "Santa Teresa", Pedersen 1880 (GH, MO, NY, P, US); 50 km al N de Mercedes, Zuloaga et al. 3348 (MO); Dpto. San Cosme, Paso de la Patria, Nicora 8679 (MO); Dpto. San Miguel, 12 km S de Caa-Catí, Ahumada 1710 (MO); Dpto. Paso de los Libres, Parada Pucheta, Ruta Nac. no. 127, Ahumada 2547 (MO); Dpto. Saladas, Rio San Lorenzo, Schwarz 9408 (US); Dpto. Empedrado, Estancia "La Yela", Pedersen 11671 (A, MO, NY). Entre Rios: Dpto. Federación, Río Mocoretá, ruta 14, Burkart & Gamerro 21599 (SI, US); Dpto. Gualeguaychú, Puerto Constanza, Burkart 21640 (SI); Dpto. La Paz, distrito Banderas, Estancia La Esperanza, Burkart & Bacigalupo 21041 (SI); Gualeguaychú, Troncoso and Bacigalupo 3231 (MU). Formosa: Dpto. Boca del Bermejo, Estancia “Herradura”, Pedersen 1237 (P, US); Dpto. Patiño, ca. 30 km SW Villa General Güemes, Chapin and Eskuche AC20319 (SI); Brazo N del río Pilcomayo, a la altura de Monte Lindo y en las Pampas, entre Puesto Whassich y Parada, Cordini 74 (GH, SI, US); Ruta 11 km 110, Morel 3676 (US); Ruta 11 vieja, al N de Ayo. Francesa Cué, Guaglianone et al. 264 (LP, SI); Dpto. Pirané, Pierotti 4138 (MO, OKL); Ab. loco, Jörgensen 2445 (SI); Ruta 11 vieja, al N de Ayo. Francesa Cué y S de Ea. La Emilia, Guaglianone 358 (SI). La Roja: Vinchina, Burkart 12229 (MU). Jujuy: Dpto. San Pedro, San Lucas, Cabrera et al. 27531 (SI). La Pampa: Dpto. Catrilo, Uriburu, Fortuna 9 (UC, US); Uriburu, Fortuna 55 (UC, US); 1 km N of Volcan and 6 km S of Tumbaya on Hwy 9, Peterson & Annable 10265 (K, MO, NY, RSA, US); Sierra Lihuel-Calel near campground in Park, along creek, Peterson & Annable 11237 (K, US). Mendoza: Dpto. Lasalle, Finca "La Holanda", Dawson and Pujals 1459 (LP); Prov. de San Luís, Estación Jarilla, Leal 9134 (ARIZ); At Mendoza, Beetle 628 (UC); Sta. Rosa, Jensen-Haarup 1905 (US); Guaymallén-corralitos, Semper 309 (MICH). La Rioja: Dpto. Gral. Samadrid, Villa Castelli, Meyer 4112 (GH, UC). Dpto. Rosario Vera, Chelcos, Peñaloza, Stuckert 18787 (MO, NY, W); Chelcos, Peñaloza, Stuckert 18755 (NY); Dpto. San Martín, Ulapes, Stuckert 17072 (MO, NY); Dpto. Gral. Belgrano, alrededores del paraje Cortaderas, cerca de la Ruta Nac. no. 79, Biurrun & Pagliari 6313 (ARIZ). Neuquén: Capital, Parodi 2711 (BAA). Rio Negro: Vicinity of General Roca, Fischer 49 (GH, MO, NY); Isla Choele-Choel, Clos 3591 (BAA). Salta: Dpto. Ancash, fuera de pampa de grama, Aguilar 1 (NY); Rosario de la Frontera, Lillo 3901 (GH, NY, US, W). San Juan: Dpto. Calingasta, Calingasta, Fabrus & Marchionni 2398 (LP); at km 1137, 26.7 km SE of Molinos on Hwy 40, Peterson et al. 10178 (K, MO, US); Dpto. Calingasta, Agricultural road E of Hwy 412 and W of Rio Castano Viejo, 16 km N of Calingasta, 10 km S of Puchuzun, Peterson et al. 19255 (K, MO, US); Dpto. Iglesia, Villa Nueva, Castellanos 15395 (US); Dpto. Sarmiento, camino de Mendoza a San Juan, cerca de Media Agua, Nicora 4285 (SI); Dpto. Zonda, Sierra Alta de Zonda, km 29 del camino a Calingasta, Nicora et al. 8446 (NY, US). San Luís: Alto Pencoso, Baruch-Carette s.n. (NY); Between Chomes and Alto [P]encosa, Beetle 573 (SMU). Santa Fe: Río Salado, Job 1118 (NY, US); Río Salado, Isla Sivori, Job 619 (US); Dpto. Gral. Obligado, entre ruta 11 y Villa Guillermina, Pensiero & Vegetti 2585 (MO); Dpto. 9 de Julio, 2 km E de ruta 95, a 50 km N de Tostado, Pensiero & Vegetti 2735 (MO); Dpto. General Obligado, Pensiero and Vegetti 2611 (MO); Dpto. San Cristóbal, Esteban Rams, en tereno adjacente a la estacción, Krapovickas 657 (NY, SI). Santiago del Estero: Dpto. Banda, ab loco, Wahnish 2056 (SI); Dpto. Capital, Capital, Bianchi 35554 (GH); Dpto. Carlos Pellegrini, Rio Ureña, bañados del río, Venturi 5661 (SI); Dpto. Capital, alrededores cuidad Sao, Río Dulces, Ulibarri 1775 (SI); Dpto. Cope, San José de Boquerón, Luna 1239 (US); Dpto. Pellegrini, Rio Urueña, Venturi 5661 (NY, US); Dpto. Robles, Colonia Jaimez, Luna 1380 (MO); Dpto. de Silipic, Bartlett 20430 (US). Tucumán: Dpto. Burruyacu, Cerro del Campo, Venturi 7654 (SI); El Puestito, Venturi 7672 (MICH, SI); Dpto. Cruz Alta, orilla del rio Salí, Venturi 760 (GH, NY, US); Ab loco, Monetti 1028 (GH, NY). Dpto. Leales, Chañar Pozo, Venturi 439 (GH, LIL, SI, US); Dpto. Monteros, Acharal, orillas del río Arenilla, Venturi 2543 (SI, LIL, US); Dpto. Trancas, Tapia, Rodríguez 194 (BAF, LIL, NY, P, SI, US). Australia. New South Wales: Newington Naval Arms Depot, Homebush Bay, Jacobs 6546 (NSW). Northern Territory: Elparpa [= Ilparpa] Swamp, Latz 7607 (NSW); Palm Valley, 12 mi. SW of Hermannsburg, Mission, Lazarides 5290 (NSW). Queensland: Moreton Dist., Brisbane, Pinkenba, Blake 23075 (CANB, NSW); Indooropilly, Brown 243 (BRI, CANB [n.v.], MEL); North Kennedy Dist., Town of Bowen, in ditches along Roadside, Snow & Simon 7387 (BRI, MO); Awonga Dam, Iveragh Reach, 15 km SE of Calliope, Gibson TOI347 (BRI). South Australia: Barker Inlet South Wetland, Adelaide, Green 1988 (BRI); Water’s Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works, Bolivar and St. Kilda, Adelaide, Green 1993 (BRI). Tasmania: Woodbury, Black 1270.635 (MEL, US). Western Aus tralia: 123 km S of Mt. Augustus station on Landor/Mt. Augustus Rd at Landor Ck, Peterson et al. 14375 (K, MO, NY, RSA, US); Tank near Milbillillie H/S, Craven 5383 (CANB, MO); Kimberely Research Stn., Kununurra, Parker 471 (BRI); Carawine Gorge, ca. 140 km SE of Shay Gap, Newbey 10463 (CANB); Corong Ck., Woodstock Stn., S of Port Hedland, Burbidge 5845 (CANB); Dept. of Agric. Exper. Farm, Kununurra, Gilbey s.n. (CANB). Belize. The Fort Belize, Smart 46 (US). Bolivia. Cochabamba: Prov. Cercado, City of Cochabamba, the NW shore of Laguna Alalay, Ritter 745 (NHA); Cochabamba, Steinbach 8746 (MO, NY); San Pedro, San Pedro, Sahonero 19 (MO); LA PAZ: Colcapirhua (Cochabamba) a 7 kms, Adolfo 155 (US); Punata-Cochabamba, Spiaggi 39 (US). Brazil. Amapá: Rio Araguarí, entre Apurema e Uruguaina, Black & Froes 51-12376 (US); São Joaquim, Black & Lobato 50-9399 (US). Mato Grosso do Sul: Faz. Bodoquena, Carandazal, Mun. de Corumbá, Allem et al. 2197 (MO). Pará: Fazenda Camburupy, near Soure, Isla de Marajó, Swallen 4926 (US); Marajó Island, Estate “Gavinho”, Goeldi 173 (KSC, NY, US, W). Rio Grande do Norte: Angicos, Swallen 4704 (BAA). Canary Islands. Gran Canaria, Wasserstellen im Barranco de Maspalomas nähe der Meeresmündung bei El Oasis, Scholz s.n. (B). Chile. Atacama: Pica, Pérez 20596 (US). Tacna: Tacna, Werdermann 735 (BAA, GH, LIL, MO, NY, UC, US); desert of Arica, Skottsberg & Skottsberg 1103 (NY). Tatrapacá: Ab loco, Phillippi 3 (US) and Philippi 1888 (W); Arica, Jaffuel 1606 (BAA); Valle de Lluta, Arica, Pfister 9488 (US); Iquique, Barros 716 (BAA); [collected from] ca. 1/ 2 mi. S of Victoria, Salar del Sul, Norte Grande [raised from seed at Environm. Res. Lab, Tucson], Yensen NPY800428-16 (ARIZ). China. Hong Kong: Castle Peak, China Light Ash Lagoon, Hu & But 22508 (A); Hong Kong, Castle Peak, Power Station, Hu & But 22229 (A, MO). Colombia. Atlántico: Entre Palmar de Varela y Ponedera, Dugand 5304 (COL, US). Magdalena: Ciénega, alrededores de Aguacoca, Romero-Castañeda 7268 (COL, US). Costa Rica. Guanacaste: ca. 1 km E of Rio Tempisque ferry, Crow 6110 (MO, RSA). Cuba. Oriente: Near Novaliches Stn, S of Guantánamo, Hioram 1359 (US); Estación de Novaliche, Guantánamo, Hioram 2166 (GH, NY, US). Diego Garcia: Grass in coral sand quarry east of runway, Whistler 9775 (US); in clearing, Field 112 (K). Ecuador. Guayas: Guayaquil, near the cement mill, Asplund 7695 (NY, P); Guayaquil, wet clayey ground, Asplund 15991 (NY). Egypt. 166 km from Cairo on the desert road to Alexandria, Amin et al. s.n. (H, K, MO); Rice cultivation at Mut, Dakhla Oasis, El Hadidi 623 (K, MO). Honduras. Choluteca: 2 km NO San Bernardo, Repulski 503 (MO). Jamaica. Hills W of Great salt Ponds, Orcutt 6470 (UC); Port Henderson, Ridley 132 (US); Salt ponds, Harris 12309 (BISH, NY). Jordan. Wadi Araba, 50 km S of Ghor Safi, 5-8 km E of the main road to Aqaba, along the lane to Ammarien and Sadien tribes farm, Al-Eisawi 2429 (BM). México. Baja California Norte: Mpio. de Ensenada, 3 km N of Maneadero, Moran 24517 (ENCB); Adobe flat in La Mesa, SE of Tiujuana, Moran 18568 (ENCB); Mpio. de Mexicali, ca. 0.3 km S from Prese Morelos, Felger 06-17 et al. (ARIZ); Mpio. de Mexicali, Lower Río Colorado valley, adjacent to irrigated agriculture, Felger 06-38 et al. (ARIZ); Along draw, Chase 5518 (US); Canyon de Guadalupe, Thorne et al. 61679 (RSA); Punta Banda, SW of Ensenada, Beetle M-2825 (RSA) Entrance to San Carlos Canyon S of Ensenada, Beetle & Alcaraz M-6598 (ARIZ). Baja California Sur: Banks of Rio Colorado below Yuma, MacDougal s.n. (NY); Río Comondú, along road to Comondú, 14.25 road mi. NE of E. Francisco Villa, Baker 8740 & Johnson (ARIZ); La Paz, Palmer 134 (GH, NY, UC); El Centenario, 10 km al SW de La Paz, Domínguez L. 381 (ARIZ); Sandy beach near El Centenario, W of La Paz, Reeder & Reeder 6732 (ARIZ, ENCB); Quitovac between Sonoyta & Caborca, Nabhan 161 (ARIZ); Villa Ignacio Zaragosa, ca. 10 km NW of Ciudad Insurgentes, Snow 6484 & Prinzie (MEXU, MO); N of Villa Constitucion, 20 km E of Insurgentes, Beetle M-2477 (MO); Arroyo de San Raymondo, 78 km NW of La Puríssima, Carter et al. 2501 (MEXU, UC, US); San José del Cabo, Purpus 312 (MO, UC, US); Vicinity of San Jose del Cabo, Wiggins 5685B (US). Chiapas: Mpio. Tonalá, E shor of Mar Muerto, N of Paredón, Breedlove & Thorne 20834 (DS, ENCB, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, RSA); Mpio. Tonalá, NW of Puerto Arista, mangroves behind sand dunes, Breedlove & Davidse 54224 (CAS, MO, NY); Mpio. of Tonalá, mangroves behind sand dunes NW of Puerto Arista, Breedlove 52842 (CAS, MO). Chihuahua: Cerca del rio, Pringle 438 (MEXU). Guanajuato: Irapuato, Hitchcock 7432 (US). Guerrero: Coyuca, Hinton et al. 5543 (MEXU, MO, NY, US). Jalisco: 2 km al N de El Palo Blanco, ejido el Limón, Santana M. 8283 et al. (BRIT); 8 km al S de Acatlán de Juárez, Rzedowski 14516 (ENCB); Rio Blanco, Palmer 331 (GH, MO, NY, US); 9 mi. N of Zocoalco, by the road towards Acatlan, Dorado et al. 1676b (RSA); Laguna de Zacoalco, Díaz Luna 1063 (ENCB, RSA); Lagoon SW of Guadalajara, 20 km despues de Calera, Beetle M-5313 & Guzman M (ARIZ). Morelos: Mpio. Tlaquiltenango, Lagunillas a la altura del Terraplen, Vasquez 660 (ARIZ, NY). Nayarit: Matachen, beyond the point S of San Blas, McVaugh 19450 (MICH, n.v., US). Oaxaca: N of Tuxtepec, Nelson 367 (US). Sinaloa: 14.9 road mi. S of border of Sonora along Hwy 15, Snow 6527 & Prinzie (KSP, MO, MU); Headwaters of the Mazatlan Riv., Wright 1317a (US); Vicinity of Mazatlán, about a salt marsh, Rose et al. 14108 (NY, US). Puebla: Mpio. de Tehuacán, Tehuacán, NW side of town near the highway to Puebla, Steinmann & Steinmann 2401 (ARIZ). México: 10.5 mi. N of Aculco on Hwy 55 towards San Juan Del Rio, Peterson 21305, Saarela & Flores Villegas 21305 (US). Sonora: Sonoyta, northwest side of town ca. 0.5 mi. south of river, Felger 86-402A & Joseph (ARIZ); Wuitovac between Sonoyta aand Caborca, Nabhan 161 (ARIZ); Presa Derivadora, on Río Santo at NE side of town of Sonohyta, Felger 86-297 & Leigh (ARIZ); ca. 3.5 km E of village of Tastiota, Bunnell et al. 20891 (ARIZ); 2.3 mi. on Sonora Hwy 24 N of El Sahuaral, Felger 86-27 & Straub (ARIZ); Mpio. de Pitiquito: Pozo Coyote, small ranch ca. 10 km northwards from El Desemboque along the Arroyo San Ignacio, Felger 83-104 et al. (ARIZ); 3 km E of Puerto Peñasco, empty lot between beach houses, Felger 85-800 (ARIZ); ca. 10 mi. W of Sonoyta on Mex Hwy 2, Felger 20594 et al. (ARIZ); Río Sonoyta, ca. 1.6 km SSW of Quitobaquito, Felger 89-34 & Broyles (ARIZ); Río Sonoyta 21 km on Mex 2 W of Sonoyta, at ca. 1 km W of Quitobaquito and ca. 1 km S of highway, Felger 85-972 & Van Houten (ARIZ); Río Sonoyta at Sonoyta, Felger 85-708 & Dimmitt (ARIZ); Rio Magdalena at Tumutama road in Magdalena, Reina G. 2001-602 et al. (ARIZ); Cienega de Santa Clara, delta region of Rio Colorado, 7.7 mi. along canal road SW of El Golfo-San Luis Hwy, Felger 92-524 et al. (ARIZ); 18 km S of San Luis Río Colorado on road to El Golfo, Felger 85-1042 & Van Houten (ARIZ); San Luis Río Colorado, W side of the city, on the east bank of the Río Colorado, Felger 93-204 & Ortiz Reyna (ARIZ); ca. 2 km NW of Condominios Pilar at ca. 0.5 km W of Estero Soldado, vicinity of Bahía San Carlos, Felger 84-522 (ARIZ); Intersection of Hwys 15 and 128, ca. 25 road mi. W of Navojoa, Snow 6598 (MEXU, MO); Mpio. de Yecora, El Llano de Curea, Reina 2004-539 (ARIZ); 2 mi. NW of Sahural, between Guaymas and Kino Bay, Spellenberg 4603 (NMC, NY); Yaqui Riv., Palmer 5 (MO, US); SE of Guaymas, along Hwy 15, ca. 100 m S of km 82 signpost, Snow 6567 & Prinzie (MEXU, MO); Along Hwy 14 leading NE out of Hermosillo, ca. 37.5 km SW of Ures, Snow 6568 & Prinzie (MEXU, MO); Hermosillo, Hitchcock 3577 (US); 2.3 mi. on Son. Hwy 24 N of El Sahuaral, Felger and Straub 86-27 (MICH). Tamaulipas: Matamoros, km 25 al S de la playa Lauro Villar, Baro 253 (MO); Mpio. Valle Hermoso, "Distrito 025", Mora-Olivo 5182 (MO); Mpio. González Manuel, Villega-López 271 (MO). Veracruz: Near Ebano, banks of Panuco, LeSueur 662 (ARIZ); Mpio. Panuco, Laguna de Tamos, sobre la carretera Tampico-Panuco, Calzada & Marquez 4503 (ARIZ, ENCB). New Zealand. Waikato: Thames, Walker 25084 (US). Nicaragua. Managua: S shore of Lago de Managua, ca. km 31 on Carretera Nueva a Leon, near Piedras Azules, Stevens 13157 (CM, MO). Paraguay. Boqueron: Estancia Primavera, Ramírez 25 (BAA); Isla Poi, Col. Menno, Laguna Captian, Vanni et al. 2036 (MO); Col. Fernheim, Ea. Laguna Porá, Vanni et al. 2580 (GH, MO); Ruta Trans Chaco, en préstamos al lado del camino con aqua semi-permanente, Schinini & Palacios 25800 (MO); Puerto Casado, Rojas 2305 (US); Puerto Casado, Rojas 8783 (US); FC Casado km 10, Rosengurtt B-5852 (K, SI); Puerto Casado, Hartley SH126 (US); Puerto Casado and vicinity, near Estancia “Guajhó”, Pedersen 4071 (MO). Chaco: Loma Clavel, Hassler 2461 (GH, K, MO, NY, P, UC, W); Puerto Guarani, Rojas 13594 (NY); Estancia Gustafson, Rosengurtt B-5481 (K, US); Dpto. General Pacheco, Partido de Pilar, en el bañado del Río "Las Conchas", Krapovickas 2723 (SMU, US); Al S de Villa Hayes, Rosengurtt B-5622 (US). Presidente Hayes: Pilcomayo Riv., Morong 981 (GH, MO, NY, UC, US); Concepción - Pozo Colorado, Zardini and Guerro 37529 (MO). Peru. Ancash: Prov. Santa, Pampa la Grama, Aguilar s.n. (MO 2995176). Arequipa: 15 km W of Arequipa on Hwy to jct. with Pan Americana, SW of Puente Uchumayo, Peterson et al. 20786 (K, US); Carmana-Calderona, Anderson 833 (US); Camana, Anderson 823 (UC). Cajamarca: Prov. Pacasmayo, Dpto. La Libertad, en el desvío de la carretera a Cajamarca, sobre la Panamericana, Sánchez 2988 (MO). Prov. San Miguel, a 3 km de la localidad de Quindén, sobre la carretera a San Miguel, Sánchez 2749 (MO). Huanuco: Weed in the public garden, Macbride & Featherstone 2443 (US). Huarochiri: Dpt. Lima, San Bartolomé, Asplund 11204 (NY). Ica: Prov. Ica, Orillas de la laguna de Huacachina, Cerrate 899 (US); Rio Ingenio, Angulo 2430 (NY). La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Haceinda Tanguchi, Angulo 1876 (US); Chicama Valley, Graywood Smyth 46 (US); Prov. Trujillo; Barraza, Sagastegui 7635 (MO); Prov. Trujillo, Hda. Santa Clara, Gagliardi 6516 (GH). Lambayeque: On E side of Chiclayo, Hudson 927 (MO). Lima: Paramanya, Anderson 415 (US); Prov. Alrededores de La Molina, 13 km Este de Lima, Ferreyra 11113 (US); Prov. Huarochiri, San Bartolomé, Asplund 11204 (US). Loreto: Maynas, Playa de Timicurillo just above (ca. 5 km) Baradero de Mazán, sandy beach of Río Amazonas, McDaniel & Rimachi 23074 (MO, US). Piura: Hacienda Buenos Aires, Anderson 573 (UC, US); Despoblado-kil 970, Anderson 931 (UC); Ab. loco, Haught 116 (US). Rosengurtt B-7410 (BAA, P). San Jose: Barra, Herter 81619 (B, MO, UC, US). Puerto Rico. San Juan, vertedero area, García and Quevedo s.n. (NY); Area Vertedero, San Juan, Woodbury s.n. et al. (BRIT). Saudi Arabia. Eastern: Adh-Dhulayqiyah, Al-Hasa, King Faysal Univ. Res. Farm, Mandaville 7810 (BM). Northern Hijaz Region: Yanbu al-Sinaiyah, Goddard s.n. (K). Province unknown: Hofuf Agric. Res. Centre, Kasasian 1478 (BM); Riyadh, road to Hair, Collenette 4874 (K); km 106.5 on Mecca bypass, Smith 47 (K); Hofuf Agric. Res. Centre, Parker SA126 (BM). Spain. Parc Natural del Delta de l’Ebre, Masip s.n. (fragment, BISH). United States of America. Alabama: Mobile Co., SE 1.4 of NE 1/4 of Sect. 16, T4S; R2W, Univ. of South Alabama Property, Mobile, SE of Three Mile Ck., Lelong 6460 (NCU); Along US 90-98 causeway over Mobile Bay, Kral 28449 (US); By Battleship Park, along US 90-98 causeway over Mobile Bay, Kral 28449 (GA); Sandy dock area by truck bypass US 98-90 across Riv. from Mobile, Kral 56599 (GA, MO). Arizona: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Lemmon & Lemmon 360 (UC); Wilcox, Thornber s.n. (ARIZ 147339). Gila Co., Tonto National Forest, Mazatal Mts, Mt. Ord, 1.0 mi. E of Beeline Hwy (SR 87) along FR 626, Gutierrez 1497 (ASU, UTEP). Graham Co., Clifton, Davidson 261 (RSA); 16 km S of Safford on US Hwy 666, Reeder & Reeder 7297 (ARIZ); ca. 2 mi. E of Solomon along US-70, Reeder & Reeder 9269 (ARIZ). Maricopa Co., Hassayampa River Preserve, S end near rest area, Makings 3739 et al. (ASU); 6 mi. E of Mesa, O.S. Stapley Ranch, McLellean & Stitt 555 (ASU); Tonto National Forest, Superstition Wilderness Area, Tortilla Trailhead, E of Tortilla Flat Post Office ca. 6 mi. on Hwy 88, Rice 1348 & Imdorf (ARIZ, ASU); Tonto National Forest, Verde River, ca. 5 mi. below Bartlett Dam, Landrum 9799 et al. (ASU); Scottsdale, Blakley & McCleary B755 (ASU); Lake Pleasant, Pinkava s.n. ( ASU 70803 ); Sierra Estrella Regional Park, Salt River Bed near park entrance, Sundell & Sundell 349 (ASU); Gila Riv. below Salt Riv. confluence, Marler 2204 (ASU); Rio Salado between junctions of Interstate 10 and 7th Ave., Damrel 1958-B & Pacheco (ASU); Salt River at Central Ave., Makings 3679 & Butler (ASU); Salt River at 115th Ave., Rea 853 (ARIZ); Along I-8, ca. 10 mi. W of Gila Bend, Thieret & Brandenburg 53036 (OKL); East of intersection of Avondale Rd. and the Salt River in Tres Rios wetlands, Wolkis 108 et al. (ASU); Mormon Flats Dam, Goodding 2494 (ARIZ); Papago Park, Pinkava & Lehto 6701 (ASU); NW Phoenix, Wilson 3815 (KSTC); Papago Park, Phoenix, Lehr & Weber 1103 (NY); near Phoenix, Orcutt 2518 (US); Biltimore Golf Course, Featherly s.n. (KANU 187777; OKLA 13739); Vicinity of Tempe, Gillespie 8400 (US); Phoenix, Williams 3032 (US); ibid., Griffiths 5891 (US); 11 mi. E of Gila Bend, Wolf 2310 (POM, RSA); Lower Dripping Springs Canyon area, White Tank Regional Park, Keil 6230 (ASU); Riverbed near Phoneix International Raceway, Keil 874 ( ASU 70718 ); Tempe, Judd s.n. ( ASU 70720 & ASU 70721 ); Tempe, Rural Rd. & S.P. railroad tracks, Lehto 1955 (ASU); Tempe, Double Buttes, Keil 874 & Lehto 874 ( ASU 70802 ); ASU Campus, south of Saguaro Hall, Damrel 1094 (ASU); Gilbert, Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch, between Pond #3 and Pond #2 along Whistling Duck Way, Gutierrez 2047 (ARIZ, ASU); Gilbert, near corner of Greenfield and Chandler Heights roads, Landrum 10941 & Pinto (ASU); Tempe, growing in vacant parking lots, McLellan & Stitt 552 (GH); Tempe, McLellan & Stitt 1016 (ASU); 11 mi. E of Gila Bend, Wolf 2310 (GH); Barry M. Goldwater Airforce Range, Sand Tank Mts, Bender Srping, Felger 95-426 et al. (ARIZ, ASU); Palo Verde, ca. 1 mi. S of Wintersburg, Lehto & Crandell 21 (CM); Palo Verde, end of Palo Verde Rd. on N side of Gila River bottom, Landrum 9500 et al. (ASU); ca. 95 to ca. 105 Ave and Gila River, Schuessler & Lehto 17987 (ASU). Mohave Co., Lake Havasu at Toprock, Hevly s.n. et al. (ARIZ 139296). Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Gould 4631 (ARIZ, UC, US); West Branch of the Santa Cruz (Riv.), Church Wash diversion, Mauz 22-024 (ARIZ); Along the Church Wash diversion, Mauz 21-67 (ARIZ); Coyote Mtns, Mendoza Canyon, Reeder & Toolin 8389 (ARIZ). Pinal Co., E of Maricopa, Rossbach 5203 (UC); 3 mi. W of Coolidge, Parker 8261 (RSA, US); Experimental Farm, Sacaton, Peebles 76 et al. (ARIZ); Along AZ-287, ca. 6.5 km W of Florence, Reeder & Reeder 9388 (ARIZ); Picacho Mtns, Wiens 2005-028 (ARIZ); Coolidge, Goodding 101-41 (ASU). Yuma Co., Yuma, Vasey 540 (P, US); Yuma, Silveus 7640 (SMU); 8.6 mi. SW of Hope, Ahles 8899 (MO); Frontage Rd S of Interstate Hwy 8, 1 road mi.W of Aztec, Yatskievych 81-132 (ARIZ); Colorado Riv. bottom near Yuma, Peebles & Harrison 5063 (US); ca. 2 km N of Laguna Dam; Pratt Agr. Lease to BLM, Felger 06-51A et al. (ASU, TEX); Dome Valley, dirt road at Gila Riv. crossing, 0.3 mi. W of Avenue 19E and County 8th Street, Felger 06-61 et al. (ARIZ, ASU); Centennial Wash, 2 mi. SE of Salome near Buckeye-Salome Rd., Butterwick & Hillyard 6392 (ASU); Fortuna Pond, 32°43'25.6"N, 114°27'14.2"W, Felger 06-55 et al. (ASU); Lower Colorado Riv., Dunfee YLD-39 et al. (ASU); Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, G & SR Meridian, Dodson 16 (ASU). Arkansas. Lafeyette Co., Sandy bank of Red Riv. at Spring Ck. Ferry on Ark. 160 W of Gin City and Bradley, Thomas & Thomas 120762 (NY). Lawrence Co., 4 mi. SW of Hoxie, Taylor s.n. (BRIT). California: County unknown: Salto Basin, MacDougal 50 (ARIZ). Escondido Co., Park Lawn, Escondido, Gander 4689 (US). Fresno Co., Selma, currently undeveloped area S of Dinuba Avenue and east of Thomason Avenue, in Young Pond, Snow & Clark 9973 (GREE). Imperial Co., Between Brawley and Westmoreland, Sanders et al. 8746 (RSA); Holtville, 15 ft. below sea level, Parish 8243 (RSA, US); Palo Verde Valley, 5 airline mi. S of Palo Verde, Holmgren and Holmgren 6502 (NY); near Ranger Station, Picacho State Rec. Area, 22 air mi. N of Yuma, McLauglin 2723 & Bowers (ARIZ); Along Colorado River, Quechan Indian Reservation, McLaughlin 3231 & Bowers (ARIZ); Along CA-115 ca. 2 km NW of exit from I-8 E of Holtville, Reeder & Reeder 8157 (ARIZ, ASU); 6.5 km NW of Niland, Reeder & Reeder 8244 (ARIZ, ASU); 1.3 mi. N of Laguna Dam along Hwy S24, McLaughlin 2854 & Bowers (ARIZ); Roadside near Niland, Barr 67-203 (ARIZ); Ferguson Lake, Imperial Nat. Wildl. Ref., McMurry 1407 (ARIZ). Inyo Co., Cow Ck., Gioman 431 (RSA). Kern Co., ca. 6 mi. N of Bakersfield, Nobs and Smith 469 (FSU); Rosedale, Abrams s.n. (RSA); Section 20, 5- 10 mi. NW of Wasco, Braun 8 (CM). Los Angeles Co., W. Adams St., Los Angeles, Davidson 247 (KSC); E end of Malibu Lake, Raven & Thompson 14641 (GH, RSA); San Gabriel Mts, West Fork San Gabriel Riv., ¼ westerly from confluence with North Fork, Wheeler 6331 (ARIZ); San Dimas Canyon Dam, San Gabriel Mts., Wheeler 2339 (RSA); Saline flats, Hasse s.n. ( MO 768959 ); Whittier Hills (Puente Hills, pro parte), seepage ca. 300 ft SW of Colima Rd ×Camino del Sur, Ross 4168 (NY, RSA, UC). Merced Co., Big Water Club, E of Gustine, Nobs & Smith 136 (POM); Whittier Hills (Puente Hills, pro parte), 300 ft. SW of Loima Rod ×Camino del Sur, Ross 4168 (ARIZ); Los Banos Wildlife Refuge, 1.5 N of Los Banos, Nobs & Smith 48 (ARIZ). Orange Co., Roadside drainage gutter, along W side of village of Atwood, Wiggins 20336 (RSA); from Back Bay area at Newport Beach, Sawyer 34 (ASU). Riverside Co., Vail Lake area, Temecula Ck. at confluence with lake and sedimentary hills to the east, Boyd & Ross 3801 (MO, RSA); 2 mi. N of Indio, Nobs & Smith 494 (ARIZ); Hemet, Bautista creek Ranches, 45200 Buatista Rd, near Fairview Ave., Lahti s.n. (MU); NW Palomar Mts, Agua Tibia Mts, Along lower Arroyo Seco, S of Dripping Springs Campground, Banks 0808 & Boyd (MU). Coachella, Salton Basin, Reed 4201 (US); N end of Lake Elsinore, Munz and Johnston 11242 (GH, NY, RSA); Batista Canyon Wash, entering San Jacinto Riv. (Wash), just N of Cedar and Mt., NE end of Hemet, Peterson 4989 (AAU, BISH, K, MICH, MO, NY, P, RSA, TAES, UTC, GH, US, WIS); San Jacinto: 8.8 km W of State Hwy 79 on Ramona Expressway towards Lakeview, Peterson & Peterson 8123 (BISH, K, MO, NY, RSA, US); ca. 2 km S of Ripley, Reeder & Reeder 8054 (ARIZ, ASU). San Bernadino Co., San Bernadino, Wilder 1128 (US); Arrowhead Hot Sprgs, San Bernadino Mts., Sanders et al. 13792 (RSA); Loma Linda, Munz and Johnston 8904 (GH); near San Berandino, Parish 2118 (NY); near San Bernadino, Wright s.n. (ARIZ 114027). San Diego Co., Encinitas, Gander 8801 (US); San Diego, Spencer 901 (MU). Larkin's Station, Palmer 404 (MEXU, NA, NY); Irrigating canals, Calexico, Abrams 4000 (GH, MO, NY); San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Area, "Miller Canyon", Boyd et al. 7554 (RSA). San Luis Obispo Co., Estrella Plains, Hwy US 466, 7 mi. E of Paso Robles, Twisselmann 9204 (RSA); San Luis Creek near junction of S Higuera Rd and US Hwy 101, Keil s.n. ( ASU 75319 ). Santa Barbara Co., Roadside ditch ca. 1 mi. E of Buelton, Pollard s.n. (RSA); Iola Vista Tract, Goleta, Pollard s.n. (ARIZ 131363); Along shore of Lake Cachuma near the dam, Santa Ynez River, Smith 5664 (ARIZ). Sierra Co., Gold Lake, Barker 803 (RSA); Santa Barbara R.R. yards, Pollard s.n. (SMU). Tulare Co., Ab loco, Twisselmann 11614 (RSA). Sutter Co., Along Nicolaus Ave., 2.2 mi. NW of the Placer Co., line, 4.4 mi. ENE of Nicolaus, Helmkamp 15559 (ARIZ). Ventura Co., Pool in Ventura Riv. near Mill School, Ventura Ave., S of Foster Park, Pollard s.n. (SMU [no accession number], US 2460463); California Prep. Schol Grounds, Ojai Valley, Pollard s.n. (ARIZ 3317); Canada Larga Creek, near Southern Pacific RR trestle, ca. 1 mi. S of Foster Park, Pollard s.n. (ARIZ 175945). San Antonio Ck. at Hermosa Rd. crossing, Ojai Valley, Pollard s.n. (MO 1970989); San Antonio Ck., between Royal Oaks Dairy and Country Club Drive, Ojai, Pollard s.n. (RSA). Colorado. El Paso Co., Manitou and vicinity, Griffiths 6728 (US). Florida. Bay Co., Roadside on S 77A from US 231, Athey s.n., (WKY). Calhoun Co., Exposed shores of Apalachicola Riv. at Ocheesee Landing, Godfrey 76104 (GA, FSU). Dixie Co., Vicinity of Fanning Spgs, Godfrey 65872 (FSU). Escabmia Co., Spray field of University Mall sewage treatment plant, Burkhalter 4903 (FLAS). Highlands Co., SR 78 1 mi. W of intersection with US 27, Lake Placid, Herndon 1508 (FLAS, RSA). Hillsborough Co., FLA 37 at Polk and Manatec Co. line, 30 mi. S of Lakeland, Baltzell 5318 (FLAS); N of Tampa ca. 7 mi. NE of USF Campus, area between Cypress and Trout creeks, Lakela 24328 (US); Old Memorial Hwy ca. 1.8 mi. N from 580, Lakela 25515 (FSU, GH, NCU, SMU). Indian Riv. Co., Vero Beach, Boudet s.n. (FLAS 59171). Lee Co., N. Fort Myers, graded area on N side Caloosachatchee Riv., beside US 41, Koch 7122 (FSU); Along Caloosahatchee Riv., Ft. Myers, Godfrey 65429 (FSU). Leon Co., ca. 2 mi. E of the intersection of Pensacola and the truck route, Wooten & Sullivan 285 (US); Vicinity of crossing of Centerville Rd. over Interstate 10, Godfrey 72336 (FLAS, FSU, GA, MO, NY, SMU). Levy Co., FLA 24, 3.5 mi. NE of Cedar Key, Baltzell 6897 (FLAS). Manatee Co., N of FLA 70 and W of FLA 674, N of Myakka City, Hendricks s.n. (FLAS 159894). Orange Co., Jones Ave., Zellwood, Scudder 1608 (FLAS). Palm Beach Co., Corbett Wildlife Mgmt. Area, NW of Loxahatchee, Kral 5705 (FSU); ibid., Kral 5707 (SMU). Pinellas Co., Shores of hammock margins, S of Tierra Verde, N of Cunningham Key, Ft. DeSoto State Park, Lakela 27371 (FLAS, RSA). Polk Co., SE corner of Jct of FLA 60 and Doherty Drive in Nalcrest, just N of Lake Weohyakapka, Wheeler s.n. (FLAS 157430). Sarasota Co., SW intersection of Palmer Blvd and Raymond Rd. in Sarasota, Parrish s.n. (FLAS 117137). Seminole Co., Oviedo, Scudder 12 (FLAS). Georgia. Camden Co., Kings Bay Submarine Base, Etowah Park, Carter 13600 (VDB). Chatham Co., White Marsh Island, E of Savannah, Duncan 23451 (GA). Greene Co., Roadside berm 3 mi. NW of Greensboro, Duncan 23177 (GA). Hawaii. Hawaii: Roy Wall Ranch, along jeep trail to Monokaa, Lehuula Mauka Tract, North Kona (PuuLehua Quadrangle), Kawasaki 2 (US); Private lotus farm, Waialuu Beach Rd., Waialua, Imada et al. 92-36 (US). Maui: southern coast of isthmus, Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge, Imada et al. 98-22 (US); Lahaina Distr., Honokowai, S end of Honokowai Beach Park, Oppenheimer H89916 (US). Oahu: Kawainui Air Park, Kapaa Quarry Rd., O'Connor s.n. (US 3277650); Kawainui Marsh, entrance to Kapaa Quarry, O'Connor s.n. ( US 477673 ); West Lock U.S. Navy Ammunition Storage Area, just S of West Lock, Pearl Harbor, Eva District, Fosberg 65090 (US). Kansas. Rice Co., 2-3/ 4 mi. S of Alden, Brooks 17036 (KANU). Illinois: McDonough CO., 1 mi. E of Colchester, Henry 4332 & Scott (MU). Louisiana. Acadia Par., roadside ditch near Bayou Plaquemine, along road between Maxie and Rayne, ca. 7 mi. NW of Rayne, Thieret 18349 (FSU, GA, SMU); Disturbed area on LSUE campus off LA 755 southwest corner of Eunice, Allen 15675 (MO, NLU, NY). Assumption Par., [...] beside LA Hwy 662 ca. 1.5 mi. N of US Hwy 90 at the Amelia Bridge, Thomas & Allen 123995 (GREE, KANU). Beauregard Par., Flat pine woods beside US Hwy 171, 2 mi.S of Longville, Thomas et al. 14488 (ARIZ, GREE, NLU). Bossier Par., Frequent on sand bars along E bank of Red Riv. ca. 7 mi. W of Plain Dealing on LA 2, Allen & Vincent 8525 (GA). Caddo Par., Median strip of Clyde Fant Parkway, NW of Shreve City shopping centre, Shreveport, MacRoberts 1325 (ASU). Calcasieu Par., LA Hwy 14, at junction with Linkswile Rd, 2.1 mi. S of Interstate 210, in Lake Charles, Snow 5803 (MO); Near Interstate 10, Lake Charles, Lonard 2086 (KSTC, SMU). Cameron Par., Back Ridge, Sabine Nat. Wildlife Ref., Valentine s.n. ( FSU 72340 ); Along Gulf of Mexico ca. 1 mi. W of Holly Beach, Thieret & Reese 10039 (FSU, SMU); [...] S of LA Hwys 27 and 82 just E of Holly Beach, Thomas et al. 84819 (GREE, NLU). East Baton Rouge Par., LSU Campus, N of Nicolson Extension and CEBA overflow lot, McKenzie 157 (GA, BRIT); Ben Hur Rd, ca. 200 m NE of jct with Nicholson Rd. (LA 30) in Baton Rouge, Pruski 2687 (US). Grant Par., Red Riv., ca. 0.2 mi. NE of Boyce on LA 8, Vincent 56 (GA); Red Riv. ca. 0.2 mi. NE of Boyce off LA 8, Vincent & Allen 7025 (NCU). Jefferson Par., Grand Island, Town of Grand Island, sandy saline flat, Thieret 25254 (FSU, GA, SMU). La Salle Par., ca. 10 mi. NE of Holloway, Thieret 33501 (FLAS). Livingston Par., 4.4 mi. W of Albany, Shinners 29892 (SMU). Natchitoches Par., Along N bank of Red Riv. at the LA 6 bridge between Clarence and Natchitoches, Thomas & Allen 94291 (NLU, NY); [...] N side of Red Riv. at the LA 6 bridge N of Natchitoches and Grand Ecore, Thomas 114845 (GREE, NLU) and Thomas 114846 (BRIT, FLAS, MO, MONTU, MU, NCU, NLU, NY, OKL, USCH, VPI). Orleans Par., Reclaimed sandy beach, Lake Ponchatrain, Brown 2386 (US); W side of Paris Rd. immediately S of Intracoastal Waterway, Lemaire 1100 (US); Irish Bayou, near junction of I-10 and Hwy 11, Montz 5474 (BRIT); N edge of Irish Bayou, Jctn of Hwy 11 and I-10, SE shore of Lake Pontchatrain, Urbatsch 2553 et al. (ASU). Ouachita Par., Ditch banks beside US 165, just N of Monroe, Thomas & Scurria 36887 (ARIZ, KANU, MICH, MU, NCU). Plaquemines Par., Between levee and Mississippi Riv., just E of Parish Rd. 11, 0.9 mi. from junction with LA Hwy 23, 1.8 mi. S of Port Sulphur, Snow 5789 (MO); S side of LA 39, 0.2 mi. W of the St. Bernard Par. line and 2.1 mi. E of Braithwaite, Thomas & Allen 123787 (MO, NLU, NY); Fort Jackson along the edge of the Mississippi River about 3 mi. SE of Triumph, Taylor & Taylor 21450 (BRIT). Red River Par., 1.5 mi. W of Crichton and about 9 mi. northwest of Coushatta, Peterson 9551 (BISH, K, MO, US); E bank of Red Riv. 1.5 mi. SW of Crichton, ca. 9 mi. NW of Coushatta, Thieret 20615 (A, FSU, GA, SMU, US); Along W bank of Red Riv. S of US 84 bridge at Coushatta, Thomas 114935 (MO, NLU, NY). St Charles Par., ca. 2 mi. E of Bonnet Carre Spillway along S side of IC railroad near LaBranche, Montz 5266 & Cali (BRIT). St. Landry Par., ca. 4 mi. E of P. Barre, on road to Baton Rouge, Thieret 32328 (GA, FSU, NCU); 2.5 mi. E of Port Barre, Thieret 31454 (SMU). St. Mary Parish, Cote Blanche Island, Thieret 16315 (MU). St. Tammany Par., N shore of Lake Ponchatrain near the mouth of the Techfunte River ca. 1 mi. S of Madisonville, Allen 2921 (BRIT, MU). Tensas Par., [...] west bank of the Mississippi Riv. S of the end of LA Hwy 3078 at Port Gibson Ferry, N of St. Joseph, Thomas 86789 (GREE, NLU). Vermilion Par., Along railroad tracks W of LA 82 and S of LA 14 in Abbeville, Thomas 122365 (NLU, NY). West Feliciana Par., Roadbank of LA Hwy 10 ca. 1.4 mi. E of US Hwy 61 and St. Francisville, Thomas 118023 (GREE, NLU). Mississippi. Hancock Co., Miss. Test Facility (NASA) Rogers et al. 3996-a (SMU) and 3996-b (NCU) and 3996-c (MO). Harrison Co., ca. 4 mi. N of Biloxi along Hwy to Hattiesburg, Lasseigne 2811 (MO); NE Biloxi, Lasseigne 2852 (MO); Biloxi, along beach, Rogers 3439-b (NCU). Jackson Co., At I-10, ca. 1.5 mi. W of Alabama State Line, Brooks & McDaniel 530 (FSU). Pearl River Co. Picayune, railroad yard and adjacent places, Rogers 8393 (NCU). Missouri. St. Louis Co., right-of-way of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, S of Loughborough St., Mühlenbach 3910 (MO); Lesperance Street Freigh Yard of the Missouri-Pacific R.R., Central switching tracks, Mühlenbach 2407 (ARIZ). New Jersey. Camden Co., Camden, Parker s.n. (GH). New Mexico. Eddy Co., Carlsbad, Hitchcock 13476 (US). Sandoval Co., Low Roadside, along NM 44, ca. 23 mi. NW of Bernalillo, Henderson 69-352 (USCH). Nevada. Clark Co. Logadale, State Rte. 169 and Whipple Avenue, Gregor 48 (NY); Intersection of Washington and 23rd St., Las Vegas, along drainage ditch at Fremont and Jones, Bostick 3561 (ARIZ); Las Vegas, Hogan 8 (ARIZ); Las Vegas, Lake Mead Blvd., 120 m SE of the intersection of Ranch Rd., Lathrop P-8 (NY); Nevada Test Site, Amargosa Drainage Basin, E of Spring Meadows Farm Hdqtrs, Beatley 13450 (US); Lake Mead, Tilley et al. 1605 (BRY). North Carolina. Guilford Co., West Greensboro, Blonquist 328 (US); W of Greensboro, Blomquist 799 (GH). Orange Co., Soil Conservation Service Nusery, Chapel Hill, Mathews B9#32 (NCU). Oklahoma. Cleveland Co., Near Canadian River S of Hwy 9 off Jenkins St in T8N R8W Sec. 8, Burgess & Larsen 32 (OKL); Canadian River bed, Ten Mile Flats, Lawson & Goodman 609 (OKL); S of Norman near Canadian River at the old municipal landfill, Burgess s.n. (OKL [01-0093243]). Hughes Co., Roadside, 4 mi. SE of Holdenville, Dossett 38 (OKLA). Jefferson Co., Waurika, south side of Hwy 79 bridge at the Red River Crossing, Hoagland et al. BLM0464 (OKL). Love Co., Shoreline on N arm of Hickory Creek, Lake Texhoma, E of Marietta, Harris s.n. (OKLA, SMU); Branch of Lake Texoma called Wilson Creek, ca. 10.8 mi. NW of Marietta, Taylor & Taylor 26010 (BRIT). Pawnee Co., On sand bar in Arkansas Riv., 200 yards N of OK Hwy 18 at bridge at Ralston, Tyrl & McDonald 732 (MO, OKLA). Waggoner Co., 5 mi. N of Muskogee along Arkansas River, Kelting s.n. (OKL [01-0072347]). Washington Co., 0.5 mi. and 2.2 mi. E of Ramona, McDonald 1029 (OKLA). Oregon. Polk Co., ca. 2 mi. N of Monmouth along Hwy 99W, Halse 2330 (NCU); ca. 2 mi. N of Monmouth along Hwy 99W (as weed in greenhouse), Halse 2330 (ARIZ). South Carolina. Berkeley Co., Waste ground around the Santee Wool Combing Mill, Jamestown on SC Rt. 45, Ahles & Haesloop 47009 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 42992 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 38180 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 35618 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 53794 (NCU). Charleston Co., Hydrologic Spoil Area along W bank of Clouter Ck., Charleston Harbor, Porcher s.n. (NCU). Florence Co., Wellman Wool Combing Mill, N of Johnsonville on SC Rt. 41, Ahles & Haesloop 49154 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 46951 (NCU) and Ahles 42896 (NCU). Georgetown Co., Just N of roadbed of old bridge over Great Pee Dee Riv., N side of existing US 17, Waccamaw Point at upper end of Winyah Bay, E side of Georgetown, Nelson & Horn 14619 (GA, USCH). Tennessee. Davidson Co., Weedy on drawdown of borrow pit by Cumbeland River, Metro Center, Nashville, Kral 73090 (APSC). Leon Co., Vicinity of crossing of Centerville Rd. over Interstate 10, Godfrey 72336 (NCU). Shelby Co., Hwy 78 S of Memphis at right across bridge at Drainage Canal, Rogers 33505 (GH). Rutherford Co., Railroad yards by Farmer's Coop, Luvergne [La vernge], Kral 74564 (APSC). Texas. Aransas Co., Rockport, Reverchon 1993 (MO). Brazos Co., Next to Agronomy greenhouses, Texas A & M Univ. campus, Snow & Jensen 184 (TAES); 3 mi. S of Bryan, Ward 165 (OKLA). Brewster Co., Along Rio Grande near mouth of Tornillo Ck., Sperry 1537 (US); bank of Rio Grande at Ogle Spring, Sperry 1348 (US); along Rio Grande nera Mariscal Canyon, Warnock 811 (GH, US); Mariscal Canyon, Chisos Mt. area, Warnock 811 (ARIZ); Boquillas-Chisos Mts, Marsh 140 (SMU); near the Rio Grande, Hot Springs, Big Bend National Park, Goodman & Waterfall 4600 (OKL). Cameron Co., 15 mi. W of Boca Chica along Hwy 14, Anderson 4551 (RSA); Between Tex. Hwy 4 and the beach of Brazos Island, Henderson 78-22 (MO, USCH); 7.3 mi. S of Ed Carey Blvd of Harlingen along US Hwy 83, Snow 5907 (KSP, MO); Brownsville, Benke 5328 (US); Brownsville, Silveus 2565 (SMU); Resaca park, near the girl scouts camp, Runyon 2172 (US); Padre Island, 5 km NE of Port Isabel and across from the Sunchase Mall and McDonalds, Peterson et al. 11157 (BISH, US). Chambers Co., Along brackish swale just off High Island, Gould 7442 (SM, UC); Along entrance to Anahuac Nat. Wildl. Ref., Kessler 5894 (BRIT). Culberson Co., South McKittrick Canyon, Guadalupe Mts., 5 mi. N of Pine Springs, Fischer s.n. (OKLA; OK-13738). Galveston Co., 13 mi. N of Galveston, Gould 11984 (UC, US); Near plant entrance P. H. Robinson Generating Station near Bacliff, Waller 2604 (GH, MO); Tidal flats beneath SH 146 drawbridge over Clear Ck. channel at Kemah, Waller 2607 (GH); West beach in Galveston, ca. 200 m from Gulf of Mexico, Kessler 5603 (BRIT); Coastal marsh at Texas City, Van Devender & Van Devender 88-262 (ARIZ). Harris Co., Morgans Point, Palmer 11963 (UC); Houston, Fisher s.n. (ARIZ 147207); Near the Houston Ship Channel in the San Jacinto State Park, Brown 2557 (ARIZ); East side of Houston, Thieret 30813 (SMU). Hidalgo Co., East of Mission, Coover 1336 (ARIZ); Alamo, Clover 918 (MICH); Anzalduas County Park, ca. 2.7 mi. W of Mission, ca. 5 mi. W of McAllen, Snow 5906 (KSP, MO); ca. 1.4 mi. E of US Hwy 281 on Rd. 490, Snow & Evans 4393 (GREE, RM); [...] FM Rd. 2062 just N of Bensten State Park and W of Mission, Thomas et al. 39476 (GREE). Jefferson Co., Coastal marsh, Tharp s.n. (GH). Jim Wells, Co., Along US Hwy 281 ca. 35 air mi.WSW of Corpus Cristi, ca. 4.5 mi. N of Premont, Snow 5897 (KSP, MO). Kenedy Co., Sarita, Hitchcock 5447 (US); Sarita, Hitchcock 5463 (US); Alazan Well on Payne Ranch (Julian Quadrangle), Carr 20282 et al. (BRIT); 0.5 mi. S of Sarita in drainage between divided Hwy 77, Peterson 9555 (BISH, GH, K, MO, NY, P, RSA, TAES, US, UTC); Near Las Norias, Runyon 3829 (RSA). Kleberg Co., Banks of Tranquitos Ck., first 150 metres, W of US Hwy 77 in Kingsville, Snow 6414 (KSP, MO); ca. 30 air mi. SSW of Corpus Cristi, inside Seawind RV Resort, adjacent to Kaufer-Hubert Memorial Park, Snow 5916 (KSP, MO, MU); Kingsville, Reed 6 (US). La Salle, Cotulla, Planck 32 (US); Rivera, Silveus 186 (SMU). Matagorda Co., 5 mi. E [of] Wadsworth, Wilson 15144 (KSTC). Nueces Co., Corpus Cristi, Silveus 126 (MU, US); ibid., Silveus 2407 (SMU). Red Riv. Co., On sand bar, Old Pine Bluff ferry crossing across Red Riv., ca. 3.5 mi. W of Kanawha, Correll 37906 (NY). San Patricio Co., 2 mi. E of Taft, Harvey & Elliot 7351 (MICH); Shore of Lake Mathis, Gould 11467 (UC); 5 mi. W of Aransas Pass, Webster 7079 & Rowell (SMU); South banks of Chiltipin Ck., just E of US Hwy 77 overpass, ca. 2 air mi. W of Sinton city centre, Snow 6394 (KSP, MO); 0.4 mi. S of Jct of FM 892, ca. 4.7 mi. S of Robstown, Snow 5919 (KSP, MO); US Hwy 77, along Chiltipin Ck. just N of Sinton, Snow & Evans 4389 (RM); Gregory, Reed s.n. (FLAS 167640, USCH); Big Lake area of Welder Wildlife Foundation, Penn 53 (GA); S side of Corpus Cristi, Jones 1142 (NCU, SMU). Starr Co., Town of Garciasville, along RR tracks, Snow 5904 (MO); Rio Grande City, Griffiths 6486 (US). Val Verde Co., Mouth of the Pecos Riv., Hinckley and Hinckley 412 (SMU, US). Victoria Co., Along US Hwy 77, ca. 1.1 mi. N of Coleto Ck., a few air mi. SW of Victoria, Snow 6372 and 6373 (MO). Webb Co., ca. 4 mi. SE of Laredo, Zapata 20 (BRIT); Casa Blanca Lake, 3 mi. NE of Lardo, Alvarez 7432 (OKLA); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. NE of Laredo, Ramirez 2 (SMU); Laredo, Fisher 252 (US); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. NE of Laredo, Lozano 17 (BRIT); ibid, McCart et al. 1 (OKLA); Laredo, Orcutt 5574 (MO); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. E of Laredo, García et al. 8731 (FSU, GA); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. E of Laredo, Ramírez 6 (BRIT); Bank of Rio Grande near Lardo, Barkley 13E016 (NCU). Willacy Co., 2-1/ 4 mi. N of Raymondville, Cory 51477 (MICH, NY, SMU); Route 497, 19 mi. E of Raymondville, Correll and Johnston 17879 (MO, NY, TEX, US). Zapata Co., Saline arroyo 3 mi. N of San Ygnacio, Correll & Johnston 18083 (NCU, SMU, US); End of Texas FM 496, ca. 2.5 mi. W of Zapata, gravelly shores of Falcon Lake, Snow 5899 (MO); ca. 250 m S of end of Texas FM 496, ca. 2.5 mi. W of Zapata, Snow 5902 (KSP, MO); 11 mi. N of San Ygnacio, Shinners 17668 (SMU). Utah. Utah Co., North Park, Provo, Mengies 8001 (BRY, MO). Virginia. King William Co., End of Eltham Bridge and railroad, VA 30 and 33 in West Point, Bradley 24033 (GA). Warrick Co., Chrome ore piles, Newport News, Reed 44052 (US). Uruguay. San Jose: Barra, Herter 519 (GH, M, NY). Venezuela. Anzoategui: Guanta and Puerto La Cruz, Tamayo 2057 (US); Dsto. Bolívar, Swamp at Boca de Tigre, at the intersection of the road to Bergatín and Barcelona-el Crucero Rd., Davidse and González 20010 (MO, NY). Falcon: Coro, 3 km E del centro, Wingfield 5184 (MO); 12 km SE de Coro, entre La Negrita y Siburúa, Wingfield 5095 (MO). Sucre: Lagunas Litorales de Cumaná, Cumana Campos 519 (NY, US).

Figures

Figure 4. Cross section of leaf of D. fusca subsp. muelleri (Badman 675) showing midrib (central area), midrib lacuna (ML) and vascular bundle with centripetal chloroplasts (CC) of the mestome sheath.

Figure 7. Spikelets of Diplachne fusca subspecies uninervia. The dark olive-green or often plumbeous color of spikelets is common for this subspecies, but rarely occurs in its Neotropical counterpart D. f. subsp. fascicularis. Photo with permission by Anthony Valois, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, California (no voucher).

Figure 8. Cross section of leaf of Diplache fusca subsp. uninervia (Snow 5916 - F) displaying nearly identical midrib anatomy as that of subspecies Diplache fusca muelleri (see Fig. 4).