Cotesia risilis (Nixon, 1974)

Hoecherl, Amelie, Shaw, Mark R., Boudreault, Caroline, Rabl, Dominik, Haszprunar, Gerhard, Raupach, Michael J., Schmidt, Stefan, Baranov, Viktor & Fernandez-Triana, Jose, 2024, Scratching the tip of the iceberg: integrative taxonomy reveals 30 new species records of Microgastrinae (Braconidae) parasitoid wasps for Germany, including new Holarctic distributions, ZooKeys 1188, pp. 305-386 : 305

Cotesia risilis (Nixon, 1974)

Material examined.

Finland: Uusimaa: Helsinki, Kaisaniemi Botanic Garden , 60.175700, 24.944700, Malaise trap, 29.viii-5.ix.2018, leg. J. Paukkunen, CNC1182785 ; France: Var, Callas , ex. Satyrium w-album , 5.v.2015, leg. P. Kan, B. Kan, MRS-JFT 0604 ; Germany: Baden-Württemberg: Malsch, Luderbusch, 48.913, 8.332, 117 m, Malaise trap, 26.vii.2020, leg. D. Doczkal, K. Grabow, ZSM-HYM-42388-G06; Bavaria: Bad Tölz, forest close to Isarstausee, 47.77, 11.547, 652 m, Malaise trap, 16.vii.2019, leg. J. Müller, ZSM-HYM-42378-F10; Chiemgau Alps, Ruhpolding, Fischbach, 47.709, 12.657, 720 m, Malaise trap, 30.viii.2016, leg. D. Doczkal, J. Voith, ZSM-HYM-33168-B10; Moos, Isarmündung, Magerrasen, swampy, 48.78, 12.966, 313 m, Malaise trap, 29.vii.2021, leg. GBOL3, R. Albrecht, ZSM-HYM-42396-E05; Moos, Isarmündung, 48.792, 12.968, 312 m, Malaise trap, 30.vi.2021, leg. GBOL3, R. Albrecht, ZSM-HYM-42395-B05; München, Fasanerie, Feldmoching, close to the train tracks, 48.193, 11.517, 509 m, Malaise trap, 9.vii.2019, leg. J. Müller, ZSM-HYM-42379-C09; Berchtesgaden National Park , Königssee, Rinnkendlsteig, 47.553, 12.964, 775 m, Malaise trap, 30.vii.2017, leg. D. Doczkal, J. Voith, ZSM-HYM-33161-B04; ZSM-HYM-33161-B05; 47.555, 12.965, 750 m, Malaise trap, 9.viii.2017, leg. D. Doczkal, J. Voith, ZSM-HYM-33161-H08; Neu-Geusmanns, Wald, 49.76, 11.48, 474 m, Malaise trap, 13.vii.2019, leg. J. Müller, ZSM-HYM-42378-B07; ZSM-HYM-42378-B08 ; Spain: Barcelona, Valles Oriental, St Pere de Vilamajour , ex. Gonepteryx cf. rhamni , 21.vi.2009, leg. C. Stefanescu, MS 095 .

Geographical distribution.

PAL.

PAL- Finland*, France, Germany*, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Molecular data.

BIN: partially BOLD:AAA6099.

Host information.

Pieridae : type reared from Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758); also Lycaenidae : Satyrium w-album (Knoch, 1782).

Notes.

Barcoding cluster BIN BOLD:AAA6099 currently includes 155 sequences which have been assigned seven species names: Cotesia risilis , C. saltatoria (+ C. cf. saltatoria ), C. amesis , C. ancilla , C. cyaniridis , C. kazak , and C. flaviconchae . The barcoding cluster also includes a large number of specimens from the Nearctic currently labelled as " Cotesia jft09". Many of these species names are represented by reared material and, based on morphology and biology, clearly represent different species. They are all parasitoids of Pieridae and Lycaenidae with the exception of C. kazak (which might have been a misidentification) and possibly C. flaviconchae .

We performed a Haplotype Network analysis including most sequences in this BIN (excluding specimens CNCHYM00406 ( C. cyaniridis ) and DQ538819 ( C. flaviconchae ) due to the sequences being significantly shorter than the other available sequences and with incomplete collection data). Our German material clusters in eight different haplotypes (Fig. 14 ) that include at least three different species identifications. However, we observed that some of our sequences (all voucher codes in material section of this species) are separated by at least four mutations from all other sequences in this BIN and 100% match the sequence of a specimen from Spain (MS 095) identified as C. risilis reared from Gonepteryx cf. rhamni , the host of the holotype. Morphological examination confirmed that our voucher specimens match the species concept of C. risilis ( Nixon 1974). Distance matrix analysis of these specimens showed 0.31% intraspecific p-distance for C. risilis . Another specimen identified as C. risilis from France (the sequence of which is also part of this C. risilis haplotype) was reared from Satyrium w-album (MRS-JFT 0604). A host record from Gonepteryx cleopatra (Linnaeus, 1767) in Spain is called into doubt by Shaw and Colom (2023) as probably G. rhamni . This species is illustrated in Fig. 15 .

Figures

Figure 14. TCS haplotype network of BIN BOLD: AAA 6099, sequence length for analysis: 504 bp. The haplotypes morphologically identified as Cotesia risilis as part of this project are marked by a box. Each hatch mark in the network represents a single mutational change; small black dots at nodes indicate missing haplotypes. The diameter of the circles is proportional to the number of haplotypes sampled and the countries are colour-coded. The aligned sequences and traits can be reviewed in Suppl. materials 8, 9.

Figure 15. Cotesia risilis (Nixon, 1974), female (ZSM-HYM- 33161 - B 04) A lateral view B meso- and metasoma C wing D head frontal view. Length of the specimen: 3.35 mm.