Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965

Kurina, Olavi, Kirik, Heli, Ounap, Heino & Ounap, Erki, 2019, The northernmost record of a blood-sucking ectoparasite, Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), in Estonia, Biodiversity Data Journal 7, pp. 47857-47857 : 47857

Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270001 ; recordedBy: T. Kesküla; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Tartu city; locality: Tiksoja ; decimalLatitude: 58.4147; decimalLongitude: 26.6380; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 21; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270002 ; recordedBy: T. Kesküla; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Tartu city; locality: Raudtee street ; decimalLatitude: 58.3477; decimalLongitude: 26.6936; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: sweepnet; year: 2017; month: 8; day: 7; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270006 ; recordedBy: T. Kesküla; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Kambja; locality: Variku forest ; decimalLatitude: 58.3425; decimalLongitude: 26.6805; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 4; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270007 ; recordedBy: M. Kruus; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; order: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Kastre; locality: Haaslava ; decimalLatitude: 58.3329; decimalLongitude: 26.8326; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 31; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PICHO07705 ; recordedBy: H. Õunap; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Nõo; locality: Meeri ; decimalLatitude: 58.2736; decimalLongitude: 26.4588; Identification: identifiedBy: H. Õunap; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2016; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; collectionCode: PICHO; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270008 ; recordedBy: K. Sammet; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Nõo; locality: Peedu ; decimalLatitude: 58.2060; decimalLongitude: 26.4303; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 13; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270009 ; recordedBy: M. Kruus; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Kastre; locality: Ignase ; decimalLatitude: 58.2499; decimalLongitude: 26.8342; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 23; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PICHO07703 ; recordedBy: H. Õunap; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Kambja; locality: Vana-Kuuste ; decimalLatitude: 58.2680; decimalLongitude: 26.7866; Identification: identifiedBy: H. Õunap; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2015; month: 7; day: 28; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; collectionCode: PICHO; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PICHO07707 ; recordedBy: H. Õunap; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Kambja; locality: 3 km NO of Kambja ; Identification: identifiedBy: H. Õunap; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: eventID: captured while attacking humans; year: 2016; month: 7; day: 30; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; collectionCode: PICHO; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270013 ; recordedBy: K. Filippova; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Tartu; municipality: Kastre; locality: Jaervselja ; decimalLatitude: 58.2651; decimalLongitude: 27.3165; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 6; day: 27; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270015 ; recordedBy: L-M. Kurina; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Põlva; municipality: Põlva; locality: Mooste ; decimalLatitude: 58.1679; decimalLongitude: 27.1423; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 18; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270016 ; recordedBy: T. Tammaru; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Põlva; municipality: Põlva; locality: Karilatsi ; decimalLatitude: 58.1293; decimalLongitude: 26.9031; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PICHO07702 ; recordedBy: E. Kaur; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Põlva; municipality: Räpina; locality: In bog close to Meelva Lake ; decimalLatitude: 58.1200; decimalLongitude: 27.3708; Identification: identifiedBy: H. Õunap; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2014; month: 9; day: 27; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; collectionCode: PICHO; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: TUZ275550 ; recordedBy: M. Brotski; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Valga; municipality: Otepää; locality: Puehajaerve ; decimalLatitude: 58.0443; decimalLongitude: 26.4551; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 6; day: 12; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: UTE; collectionCode: TUZ; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PICHO07704 ; recordedBy: H. Õunap; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Valga; municipality: Otepää; locality: Purtsi ; decimalLatitude: 58.0580; decimalLongitude: 26.1155; Identification: identifiedBy: H. Õunap; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2016; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; collectionCode: PICHO; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270018 ; recordedBy: H. Kirik; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Viljandi; municipality: Mulgi; locality: Lilli ; decimalLatitude: 57.9744; decimalLongitude: 25.5562; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 7; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270019 ; recordedBy: J. Ruusmaa; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Põlva; municipality: Kanepi; locality: South from Lake Uiakatsi ; decimalLatitude: 57.9744; decimalLongitude: 25.5562; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 16; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PICHO07701 ; recordedBy: E. Kaur; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Valga; municipality: Otepää; locality: Lossikuela ; decimalLatitude: 57.9025; decimalLongitude: 26.2747; Identification: identifiedBy: H. Õunap; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2014; month: 6; day: 28; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; collectionCode: PICHO; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270021 ; recordedBy: L-M. Kurina; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Valga; municipality: Valga; locality: Luellemaee ; decimalLatitude: 57.7514; decimalLongitude: 26.3765; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270022 ; recordedBy: E. Õunap; individualCount: 1; sex: male; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Võru; municipality: Võru; locality: Piusa ; decimalLatitude: 57.8400; decimalLongitude: 27.4702; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 13; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0270024 ; recordedBy: E. Õunap; individualCount: 1; sex: female; preparations: pinned; Taxon: scientificName: Lipoptenafortisetosa Maa, 1965; family: Hippoboscidae; genus: Lipoptena; specificEpithet: fortisetosa; scientificNameAuthorship: Maa, 1965; Location: country: Estonia; countryCode: EE; county: Võru; municipality: Võru; locality: Vana-Vastseliina ; decimalLatitude: 57.7338; decimalLongitude: 27.3572; Identification: identifiedBy: O. Kurina; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: captured while attacking humans; year: 2019; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: type: Preserved specimen; institutionCode: EMY; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Diagnosis

The imago of L. fortisetosa is considerably smaller than that of L. cervi ( Fig. 2 ) and the chaetotaxy of the thorax differs between the two ( Fig. 3 ). In particular, the setae on the scutum of L. cervi are more numerous and variable in size than those in L. fortisetosa , these including 3-4 strong setae above the thoracic spiracle which are absent in L. fortisetosa . In addition, the head of L. fortisetosa is rhomboid (ovoid in L. cervi ) and the abdomen is less sclerotised and lighter than that of L. cervi . The female of L. fortisetosa has one discernible pregenital sclerite, while there are three pregenital aligned sclerites in L. cervi . The male of L. fortisetosa has the aedeagus apically bilobate while it is conical in L. cervi (see also Andreani et al. 2019 for details).

The identities of the fragments of the COI gene obtained in this study were double-checked by BLAST search in GenBank. One hundred percent identity with sequences stored in the GenBank was recovered for several specimens of both L. fortisetosa and L. cervi , corroborating the correctness of our morphological identification.

To place our results in a wider context, original COI sequences of Lipoptena spp. were analysed, together with the COI data of their conspecifics available in the NCBI GenBank (accessed 03 October 2019). In total, our data matrix comprised 63 sequences of L. cervi (7 original, 56 downloaded) and 10 sequences of L. fortisetosa (7 original, 3 downloaded) (Suppl. material 2). Intraspecific pairwise genetic distances varied between 0.000 and 0.026 (average 0.002 ± 0.004 SD) in L. cervi , and 0.000 and 0.023 (average 0.01 ± 0.007 SD) in L. fortisetosa , respectively. Interspecific pairwise genetic distances were, however, significantly larger: from 0.065 to 0.086 (average 0.075 ± 0.004 SD). Reliable identification of L. cervi and L. fortisetosa is, therefore, possible using both morphological and molecular methods.

Biology

In the Eastern Palaearctic, L. fortisetosa is described as a common parasite on sika deer ( Fukumoto et al. 2000, Nakayama 2007), but it has also been found to attack Capreolus species ( Choi et al. 2013) and even passerine birds ( Yamauchi et al. 2009). In Europe, L. fortisetosa has been observed to attack deer, cattle, goats, sheep and dogs, but also humans ( Metelitsa and Veselkin 1989, Büttiker 1994, Schedl 2018, Mihalca et al. 2019). In Estonia, this species has often been observed to attack humans, which corroborates recent data from Slovakia ( Oboňa et al. 2019). L. fortisetosa is thought to be a multivoltine species in Europe, with adults appearing from June to October, while the adults of sympatric but univoltine L. cervi are present from August to October ( Kowal et al. 2016). Like other deer keds, adults of L. fortisetosa lose their wings after finding an acceptable host and start sucking its blood. Afterwards, the females give birth to full-grown larvae which forego feeding, leave the host shortly after birth and pupate immediately after falling to the ground. Newly hatched adults of the next generation start looking for a mammalian host soon after eclosion (e.g. Hutson 1984, Regier et al. 2018).

Figures

Figure 2. Habitus of females of Lipoptena cervi (A) and L. fortisetosa (B).

Figure 3. Dorsal view of the female thorax of Lipoptena cervi (A) and L. fortisetosa (B).