Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto & Watanabe, Kozo, 2022, Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species, ZooKeys 1083, pp. 13-88 : 13

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D263A9C3-D2EB-4A2D-9D7F-ECAC41AFD710
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E701275-F164-5C6A-BB65-3E71F11A15F1
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932
status

Treatment

Figs 4E View Figure 4 , 5E View Figure 5 , 19 View Figure 19 , 20 View Figure 20 , 21 View Figure 21 , 22A View Figure 22

Liogma brevipecten in Alexander 1932: 110-111: original descriptions; Ishida 1955: 75: distribution; Takahashi 1960: 84-85: distribution, additional description, faunistic records, illustration; Sidorenko 1999: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution; Nakamura 2001: 23-29: identification key, illustration, distribution, faunistic records; Paramonov 2006: 888-889: identification key; Nakamura 2014: 54: distribution; Imada 2020: biology and ecology of larvae.

Non-type material examined.

Japan • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Aomori, Towada, Okuse, Tsutanuma Path; 40.59084°N, 140.95705°E; alt. 468 m; 23 May. 2014; • same locality; 1 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Kumakogen, small valley; 33.60489°N, 132.85584°E; alt. 580 m; 19 May. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Kumakogen, headwaters, stream; 33.56476°N, 132.93501°E; alt. 1387 m; 17 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Saijo, spring and mosses rocks; 33.75504°N, 133.15377°E; alt. 1480 m; 5 Jun. 2019; • 2 ♂; same locality; 16 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Wakayama, small waterfall; 33.71591°N, 133.10839°E; alt. 930 m; 18 May. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♀; Fukuoka, Soeda, rocky streem and moss covered cliff; 33.48309°N, 130.93289°E; alt. 900 m; 21 May. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Fukui, Fukui, Mt. Ifuri; 35.96928°N, 136.4459°E; alt. 387 m; larva collected: 22 Apr. 2015, emerged: 3 May. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Fukui, Ono, Aburazaka-touge; 35.87298°N, 136.82297°E; alt. 735 m; larva collected: 28 Apr. 2012, emerged: 3 May. 2012; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Hiroshima, Akiota, Yokogo; 34.59419°N, 132.14497°E; alt. 892 m; 18 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Chitose, Komukara-toge, small stream; 42.837°N, 141.7505°E; alt. 55 m; 14 Jun. 2015 - 27 Jun. 2015; N. Kuhara leg.; Malaise-trap; EUMJ. • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Kamikawa, Aizankei; 43.73521°N, 142.7923°E; alt. 762 m; 25 Aug. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Hokkaido, Sapporo, Minami-ku, Jozankei, trail of Mt. Sapporo; 42.92392°N, 141.17688°E; alt. 450-860 m; 23 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Iwate, Hachimantai, Matsuoyoriki; 39.89958°N, 140.89155°E; alt. 1200 m; larva collected: 14 Jun. 2014, emerged: 4 Jul. 2014; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 2 ♂; Iwate, Hachimantai, Toshiti Spa; 39.94253°N, 140.86804°E; alt. 1344 m; 3 Aug. 2013; • 4 ♂; same locality; 15 Jul. 2014; • 1 ♀; same locality; 5 Aug. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Kyoto, Kyoto, Kibune; 35.13681°N, 135.76622°E; alt. 458 m; larva collected: 3 Apr. 2016, emerged: 1 May. 2016; • 1 ♀; same locality; larva collected: 13 May. 2016, emerged: 20 May. 2016; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Ichiromata, Mt. Jonen; 36.3°N, 137.76°E; 27 Jul. 1951; Inoue leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Iida, Jabora-rindo; 35.44865°N, 138.00905°E; alt. 1337 m; larva collected: 27 Apr. 2014, emerged: 6 May. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Iida, Shirabiso-touge; 35.43801°N, 138.03053°E; alt. 1830 m; larva collected: 19 Oct. 2015, emerged: 18 Dec. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Nagano, Sakae, Akiyama-gou; 36.85447°N, 138.64803°E; alt. 1125 m; larva collected: 3 May. 2015, emerged: 14 Apr. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Tsudono; 35.08929°N, 138.35618°E; alt. 175 m; 3 May. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Naka, Mt. Takashiro, Kisawamura; 33.90468°N, 134.23315°E; alt. 1300 m; 16 May. 2016; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Yamagata, Yonezawa, Shirabu-onsen; 37.77646°N, 140.11964°E; alt. 888 m; larva collected: 19 Oct. 2013, emerged: 25 Apr. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Yamanashi, Koshu, Enzankamihagihara, Kaminichikawa Pass; 35.7316°N, 138.8321°E; alt. 1580 m; 8 Jul. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU.

Redescription.

Head. Black with greyish pubescence (Fig. 19B-E View Figure 19 ). Rostrum short without nasus, but with patch of hairs (Fig. 19B, E View Figure 19 ); rostrum and mouthparts dark brown to black. Palpus pale brown to black, five segmented; first two segments always darker (Fig. 19E, D View Figure 19 ); last segment 1.3-1.5 × longer than penultimate. Scape cylindrical, 2 × as long as pedicel, and usually darker than pedicel; pedicel ovate; flagellum 14 segmented, gradually darkening to tip (Figs 4E View Figure 4 , 19D, E View Figure 19 ); flagellomeres expanded ventrally in both sexes, more prominent in male (Figs 4E View Figure 4 , 19D View Figure 19 ); only flagellomeres 2 or 3-9 extended evidently ventrally in female (Figs 4E View Figure 4 , 19E View Figure 19 ), remaining segments elongated; last flagellomere cylindrical in both sexes; extended flagellomeres covered with dense whitish sensilla, denser on ventral side; six verticels on each flagellomere, two long verticels on dorsal surface, two verticels in lateral surface, two shorter on ventral side; first flagellomeres always bearing additional 2-4 verticels; second to sixth flagellomeres sometimes with additional one or two shorter verticels on dorsal surface.

Thorax. Uniformly black with weak greyish pruinosity, except pleural area, base of wing, and halter which yellowish especially in living specimens (Fig. 19B View Figure 19 ). Scatter pale short hairs on mesonotum present, forming two lines. Anterior 1/3-1/2 of mediotergite and anterior half of pleurotergite with creases and rugoses (Fig. 19B View Figure 19 ). Trochanter yellow; femur gradually darkening apically, basal part yellowish, apically dark brown; tibia brown to dark brown; tarsus uniformly brown to black (Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ). Wing pale, tinged with brown; pterostigma brown, well defined; veins brown; three branches of M reaching wing margin; M1 at same level as M1+2, cell a2 less than 6 × longer than wide (Fig. 5E View Figure 5 ); membrane with interference patterns, visible with dark background (Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ).

Abdomen. Dark brown to black (Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ). Pleura yellowish especially in females and living specimen.

Male terminalia: Uniformly dark brown to black, relatively small, directed caudally (Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ). Tergite 9 fused with gonocoxite (Fig. 20C View Figure 20 ); caudal margin straight, without prominent outgrowth, only a small lateral lobe present at lateral corner (Fig. 20A, C View Figure 20 ). Sternite 9 membranous (Fig. 20B View Figure 20 ). Gonocoxite large, 1.5-1.6 × longer than tergite 9, with long ventral lobe (Fig. 20B, C View Figure 20 ); inner surface of gonocoxite simple, without lobe (Fig. 20A View Figure 20 ). Gonostylus simple, tapering to distal end. Aedeagal complex large, 1.2-1.3 × longer than gonocoxite (Fig. 20D-F View Figure 20 ); ejaculator apodeme and sperm pump large, together 1/2 × length of aedeagal complex, not covered by parameres in lateral view (Fig. 20F View Figure 20 ); tip of interbase finger-like, with round lobe dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 20F View Figure 20 ); interbase wide and rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 20D View Figure 20 ); dorsal lobe between interbases globular, membranous (Fig. 20D, F View Figure 20 ); aedeagus trifid, median branch slightly longer (Fig. 20G View Figure 20 ); sperm ducts branching from elongated portion of sperm pump, branching area dark (Fig. 20F View Figure 20 ).

Female terminalia: Brown to black, end of cercus and hypogynial valve yellowish (Fig. 19F View Figure 19 ). Tergite 8 three times larger than tergite 9 (Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ), not divided medially (Fig. 21A View Figure 21 ). Tergite 9 narrow band-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ). Triangular sclerite relatively large, 1/4 ×length of tergite 10; sclerite separated from tip of tergite 10; lateral lobe of tergite 10 medium sized, with few long hairs (Fig. 21A, B View Figure 21 ). Cercus and hypogynial valve broad, blade-like, tips rounded (Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ). Cercus on dorsal surface close to apical end with small notch; area before notch rough, with short and dense setae, and with few short sharp teeth (Fig. 21A, B View Figure 21 ); ventral margin of cercus before mid-length with notch (Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ). Common spermathecal duct present after genital opening; sperm ducts extended, inner wall rugose (Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ); three spermathecae laterally elongated, base of duct wide, curved, suddenly tapering suddenly (Fig. 21D View Figure 21 ).

Distribution. Japan (Honshu I and Kyushu I) and Russia (Far East: Sakhalin Oblast) ( Oosterbroek 2021). First records from Japan: Hokkaido I and Shikoku I (Fig. 22A View Figure 22 ).

Comments.

This species differs from the closely related Liogma serraticornis in details of the antennae, male and female terminalia, and colouration, though these are slight. Both sexes of this species can be separated from L. serraticornis based upon the first flagellomere length. It is always longer than the second flagellomere in L. serraticornis (Fig. 4F View Figure 4 ) and similar size in L. brevipecten (Fig. 4E View Figure 4 ). The ventral extensions of the flagellomeres of male L. brevipecten are relatively short and shout (Fig. 4E View Figure 4 ), while L. serraticornis has more elongated flagellomeres (Fig. 4F View Figure 4 ). The pedicel’s colouration and wing venation characters mentioned by Takahashi (1960) were not useful for species separation here because these characters show high variability levels. The two species differ in details of male and female terminalia: the ventral lobe of the gonocoxite has several pale spine-like setae in L. serraticornis (Fig. 29B, C View Figure 29 ), whereas L. brevipecten is without these spine-like setae (Fig. 20B, C View Figure 20 ); the middle branch of the aedeagus is longer than the lateral ones in L. brevipecten (Fig. 20G View Figure 20 ) but shorter than the lateral branches in L. serraticornis (Fig. 29G View Figure 29 ). The female terminalia of L. brevipecten is narrow and long in dorsal view (Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ), but widens ventrally in L. serraticornis (Fig. 30C View Figure 30 ). In L. serraticornis the lateral lobes of tergite 10 are 2 × longer than wide (Fig. 30B View Figure 30 ), but only as long as wide in L. brevipecten (Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ). Inner genital structures also show differences among the species in the spermathecae shapes (see Figs 21D View Figure 21 , 30D View Figure 30 ) and sperm ducts. The base of the sperm duct is readily discernible in L. brevipecten (Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ), while it is short or very poorly discernible in L. serraticornis (Fig. 30C View Figure 30 ); and the sperm ducts house three inflated areas the shape of golf tees in L. serraticornis (Fig. 30C View Figure 30 ), but these are much less well developed in L. brevipecten (Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ).