Hadronema sinuatum Knight

Forero, D., 2008, Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Hadronema Group (Miridae: Orthotylinae: Orthotylini), With Descriptions Of New Genera And New Species, And Comments On The Neotropical Genus Tupimiris, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (312), pp. 1-172 : 126-128

Hadronema sinuatum Knight Figures 3, 26, 31, 33, 36

Hadronema (Hadronema) sinuata Knight, 1928: 179 [n. sp.]; Carvalho, 1958: 69 [catalog].

Hadronema sinuata: Knight, 1968: 95 [diagnosis, distribution]; Schuh, 1995: 116 [catalog].

Hadronema sinuatum: Steyskal, 1973: 207 [emendation].

Hadronema (Hadronema) sinuatum: Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 411 [catalog].

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the orange coloration; the completely orange posterior femora (fig. 3); the normally developed evaporatory area; the subtriangular genital capsule; the unequal short rami of the ventral spicule not reaching the apex of the dorsal spicule (fig. 26, arrow); and the short dorsal spicule (fig. 26, arrow).

Hadronema sinuatum is most similar to H. bispinosum in the overall pale coloration of the body. Hadronema sinuatum is distinguished from it by the dark abdomen, which is yellowish in H. bispinosum , the posterior femur orange without dark spots (fig. 3), which in H. bispinosum has a subapical dark spot (fig. 2), and the unequal short rami (fig. 26), which are longer and subequal in H. bispinosum (fig. 26). Hadronema breviatum and H. simplex also have unequal rami. Hadronema sinuatum is distinguished from both by the paler coloration, from H. simplex by the relatively shorter length of the dorsal spicule, and from H. breviatum by the bases of rami close to each other.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Medium-sized, total length 3.13–3.46. COLORATION: Or- ange with white and black markings (fig. 3). HEAD: Orange; clypeus apically black, sometimes laterally dark, with two lateral and one basal shiny orange spot; frons with two longitudinal black markings and oblique shiny black lines, black markings sometimes connected posteriorly, longitudinal markings nearly connected with posterior transverse black band on vertex; broad transverse black band at the base of the head covering transverse carina and adjacent areas; neck black; base of mandibular plate sometimes pale, apex of maxillary plate dark orange; black line connecting base of mandibular and maxillary suture to antennal socket and eye; labrum shiny black; labial segments I–II yellowish orange, sometimes apically pale, III–IV black; antennae black, scapus sometimes orange brown. THORAX: Collar yellowish; pronotum orange; calli black, with scattered black shiny spots; posterior lobe of pronotum fading posteriorly to yellowish, or more darkly colored, sometimes posterior margin white; mesoscutum brown or orange brown; scutellum dark, sometimes distal half yellowish, insertion of setae brown; proepisternum and proepimeron orange, the latter posteriorly yellowish white, with black spot at base of the propleural suture; mesepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepisternum dark brown, dorsal margin weakly more yellowish; mesothoracic spiracle black; prosternum yellowish white; mesosternum dark brown. Hemelytra: Clavus brown; corium whitish with a large central dark brown spot, not reaching costal margin, dark spot sometimes more extensive; membrane brown with dark brown veins; sometimes a dark brown marking evident on the outer margin of the membrane posteriad to cells. Legs: Coxae orange, black at base; metacoxa with caudal surface dark; trochanters orange, weakly brown at center; femora orange, basally weakly darker, with lateral dark spots, more evident on profemur; basal projection of profemur dark brown; protibia orange, black at apex, meso- and metatibia black, pale orange at base; tarsi and claws black. ABDO- MEN: Tergites brown; sternites dark brown, posterior margin yellowish white. GENITALIA: Genital capsule dark brown; parameres brown; proctiger yellowish, apex and ventral surface brown. STRUCTURE: THORAX: Metepisternum with evaporatory area round- ed on dorsal margin and peritreme large. Legs: Profemur with basal process bifid. GENITALIA: Genital capsule subtriangular, without sensory lobe on left side, lateroven- tral projection on right side of medium size, blunt, not projecting; paramere insertions lateral; left paramere sickle-shaped; apex of right paramere greatly acute; rami of ventral spicule unequal in size, short, barely reaching apex of dorsal spicule (fig. 26); dorsal spicule short, nearly less than a third the length of ventral spicule, denticulate apically (fig. 26, arrow).

Female: Coloration and structure similar to male, but larger and broader (fig. 3), total length 3.76–3.91. COLORATION: Subgenital plate dark brown; ovipositor pale, apically darkened; dorsal area from spiracles sometimes orange. STRUCTURE: GENITALIA: Subgenital plate triangular, weakly truncate, barely reaching the middle of sternite VIII; dorsal lobes of interramal sclerites narrow, almost delicate (fig. 31); sclerotized central area of anterior wall small, nearly ovate, transversely divided, dorsal part with one blunt tubercle, tubercle on ventral part small, weakly developed (fig. 33); accessory sclerite of sclerotized rings very small, weakly sclerotized (fig. 31).

DISTRIBUTION: Ranging from Canada (southern Alberta) south to the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin, to Arizona and New Mexico (fig. 36).

HOSTS: Most specimens of H. sinuatum have been found on Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae) . This is somewhat atypical for species of Hadronema in which most of them are found chiefly on Asteraceae or Fabaceae species. Only a few specimens were found on Dalea sp. (Fabaceae) .

DISCUSSION: Knight (1928) considered this species ‘‘suggestive of splendida ’’ (i.e., H. splendida , see Origonema ). Nevertheless, the two are considered here not to be congeneric based on male and female genitalic characters. Knight described H. sinuatum as a distinct species based on the rather sinuate posterior margin of the pronotum of the single female examined. However, examination of additional material showed that this character might be variable and easily confused with H. bispinosum . Furthermore, a sinuate posterior margin of the pronotum may occur in other Hadronema species , even within the same population. Nevertheless, the structure of the rami in the vesica, host association, and overall coloration, in particular the posterior femora, provide evidence for considering H. sinuatum as a valid species different from H. bispinosum .

HOLOTYPE FEMALE: USA: Arizona: Coconino Co.: Williams , [35.24944 ° N 112.19028 ° W],

2134 m, 24 Jun 1925, A.A. Nichol, Holotype (by H. H. Knight) ‘‘ Hadronema sinuatus ’’ (sic), H.H. Knight coll. 1976, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00070387 ) ( USNM).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CA- NADA: Alberta: Irvine, 49.95 ° N 110.26666 ° W, 11 Jun 1952, L.A. Konotopetz, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00103942 ) ( CNC). Onefour, 49.06666 ° N 110.45 ° W, 14 Jun 1952, L.A. Konotopetz, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00103943 ) ( CNC). USA: Colorado: Moffat Co.: Massadona, 40.25278 ° N 108.63972 ° W, 01 Jul 1931, R.H. Beamer, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00075241 , AMNH _ PBI 00075242 ) ( KU). Nevada: Lander Co. : 11 mi S of Route 50 on route 376, T17N R44E, 39.25817 ° N 117.01958 ° W, 1768 m, 28 Jun 1983, R.T. Schuh and M.D. Schwartz, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (Chenopodiaceae) , 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00101174 – AMNH _ PBI 00101176 ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00101177 – AMNH _ PBI 00101179 , AMNH _ PBI 00102642 ) ( AMNH). Nye Co. : 2 mi E of Tonopah, 38.06722 ° N 117.19244 ° W, 1890 m, 07 Jun 1966, W. Gagne, Dalea sp. (Fabaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00080030 ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00080031 – AMNH _ PBI 00080034 ) ( UCB) ; 08 May 1966, W. Gagne, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00080035 , AMNH _ PBI 00080036 ) ( UCB). Northumberland Canyon Rd, Toquima Ranges, T 14N R44E S31, 39.04652 ° N 117.00091 ° W, 1951 m, 28 Jun 1983, R.T. Schuh and M.D. Schwartz, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00101180 ) ( AMNH). New Mexico: Hidalgo Co.: Rodeo, 31.83528 ° N 109.03056 ° W, 1250 m, 02 Jul 1947, R.H. Beamer, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00075243 ) ( KU). Utah: Duchesne Co. : 23.7 mi S of Myton, Well’s Draw , T10S R15E, 39.85181 ° N 110.06111 ° W, 1829 m, M.D. Schwartz, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (Chenopodiaceae) , 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00101181 – AMNH _ PBI 00101186 , AMNH _ PBI 00102637 ), 12♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00101189 – AMNH _ PBI 00101200 ) ( AMNH). San Juan Co. : Brushy Basin Rim Road , NW of Blanding , County road # 227 0.5 E mp 116, T37S R12E, 37.7419 ° N 109.55267 ° W, 1737 m, 12 Jun 1982, M.D. Schwartz, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00101188 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00101202 ) ( AMNH) .