Aoplonema rubrum, Forero, 2008

Forero, D., 2008, Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Hadronema Group (Miridae: Orthotylinae: Orthotylini), With Descriptions Of New Genera And New Species, And Comments On The Neotropical Genus Tupimiris, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (312), pp. 1-172 : 47-54

Aoplonema rubrum , sp. nov. Figures 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by red coloration of the femora (fig. 1); the large eyes reaching the dorsal margin of the head; the short anteocular region (fig. 5); the long hemelytra and cuneus (fig. 1); the relatively large genital capsule and aedeagus (fig. 6); and the vesica, with rami of left portion long and the right lateral portion directed medially (fig. 13).

Aoplonema rubrum is similar to A. nigrum in having large eyes, an elongate hemelytra, and a long cuneus, but it is distinguished from A. nigrum by the red coloration of the femora, the structure of the right portion of the vesica, which is turned medially, and the longer rami of the left portion. Aoplonema rubrum shares with A. princeps a similar vesica structure (fig. 13), but it is separated from A. princeps by the shorter anteocular region, the larger eyes (fig. 5), the longer hemelytra and cuneus (fig. 1), and the less elevated and impressed calli. As in the case of A. nigrum , identification of A. rubrum females can only be made by their association with males.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Delicate, large, total length 5.11–5.98. COLORATION (fig. 1): HEAD: Black; vertex and frons sometimes with two lateral and one central weakly reddish longitudinal areas; maxillary and mandibular plates sometimes red; gula sometimes red or reddish black; labrum dark brown; labium dark brown, segment I reddish; antennae black. THORAX: Collar, pronotum, mesoscutum, and scutellum red, sometimes collar and anterior margin of pronotum darker; calli suffused with black, sometimes almost completely black; proepisternum and proepimeron red; mesepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepisternum red, sometimes suffused with black; venter reddish black or black. Hemelytra: Dark brown with pale costal margins; membrane and veins brown. Legs: Coxae, trochanters, and femora red; tibiae and tarsi black or dark brown. ABDOMEN: Black, sometimes reddish black. GENITALIA: Genital capsule and parameres black; proctiger dark brown or reddish brown. STRUCTURE: HEAD: Strongly declivent; anteocular region short, about a third of head length; frons weakly convex, nearly flat; gula shorter than buccula; eyes large, reaching dorsal margin of head in lateral view, interocular distance small (fig. 5, table 1). THORAX: Calli on pronotum nearly flat. Hemelytra: Nearly parallel; cuneus nearly flat, much longer than wide (fig. 1). GENITALIA: Genital capsule relatively large (fig. 6); parameres as in figure 6; left portion of vesica compressed dorsoventrally at apex, strongly denticulate, rami long and heavily denticulate apically, nearly reaching apex of right portion (fig. 13); right portion strongly curved upward, sometimes apically sinuate, directed to the left, variously denticulate at apex (fig. 13).

Female: Similar to male but shorter, ovoid, total length 3.84–5.15. COLORATION: Similar to male (fig. 1). ABDOMEN: Reddish black or black; ovipositor reddish. STRUCTURE: GENITALIA: Interramal sclerites and dorsal lobe of interramal sclerite as in figure 8, sigmoid process bluntly denticulate (fig. 8); sclerotized rings subrectangular, posterior margin medially produced as an acute process, medial margin produced cephalad, accessory sclerite enlarged, rounded, and denticulate at apex (fig. 8); anterior wall and inner margins of first gonapophyses as in figure 9.

DISTRIBUTION: A. rubrum has a broad distribution ranging from British Columbia (Canada) in the north to Baja California ( Mexico) in the south, and from the Rocky Mountains to the West Coast. Most of the locality records are concentrated in southern California (fig. 14).

HOSTS: A. rubrum has been associated with a great variety of plants. Available data make it difficult to assess actual breeding hosts. Judging by the numbers of specimens found on each plant species, A. rubrum may breed primarily on Purshia spp. (Rosaceae) and Ceanothus spp. (Rhamnaceae) , with occasional occurrences on Fabaceae and Asteraceae . I have also examined some males associated with cantharidin traps.

ETYMOLOGY: The species name if from the Latin ‘‘rubrum’’, painted red, and refers to the overall coloration of the legs.

DISCUSSION: This new species has been confused in collections under A. princeps (as A. uhleri ). Some of the specimens of A. rubrum have been found at the same localities as A. nigrum (fig. 14), in particular in southern California, where both species are common, although they are not always present in the same localities.

HOLOTYPE MALE: USA: California: Inyo Co. : 3.5 mi W of Westgard Pass Summit on Route 168, [37.30028 ° N 118.15306 ° W], 2188 m, 12 Jul 1980, R.T. Schuh and G.M. Stone-

dahl, Purshia glandulosa Curran (Rosaceae) , det. B. Ertter 1980, Holotype Aoplonema rubrum , n. sp. D. Forero det. (red label), 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102296) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: CANADA: British Columbia: Oliver, McIntyre Creek , 49.18333 ° N 119.55 ° W, 04 Jul 1959, L.A. Kelton, Sarcobatus sp. (Sarcobataceae) , 63 ( AMNH _PBI 00105163– AMNH _ PBI 00105168), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105169) ( CNC). Oliver, Sawmill Lake, 49.18333 ° N 119.55 ° W, 30 Jun 1959, L.A. Kelton, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00105159– AMNH _PBI 00105161), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI00105162) ( CNC). Summerland, 49.56646 ° N 119.63951 ° W, 400 m, 02 Jul 1974 – 11 Jul 1974, L.A. Kelton, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00105170, AMNH _PBI 00105171), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105172) ( CNC). MEXICO: Baja California: 22 km W of Parque Sierra San Pedro Martir, 30.96 ° N 115.85 ° W, 1150 m, 25 Apr 1985, R.T. Schuh and B.M. Massie, Lotus scoparius (Nott.) Ottley (Fabaceae) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102201) Adenostoma fasciculatum Hooker and Arnott (Rosaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102197) ( AMNH). 3 mi NW of Villa Juarez, 32.64745 ° N 115.11988 ° W, 28 Apr 1963, H.B. Leech and P.H. Arnaud, Jr., 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00107236) ( USNM). 7 km W of Parque Sierra San Pedro Martir, 30.97 ° N 115.68 ° W, 1720 m, 25 Apr 1985, R.T. Schuh and B.M. Massie, Ceanothus cuneatus (Rhamnaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00107039) ( AMNH). USA: Arizona: Coconino Co.: Williams, 35.24944 ° N 112.19028 ° W, 2134 m, 24 Jun 1925, A.A. Nichol, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00107235) ( USNM). California: Inyo Co. : 3.5 mi W Westgard Pass Summit, 37.30028 ° N 118.15306 ° W, 2134 m, 12 Jul 1980, G.M. Stonedahl, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 143 ( AMNH _PBI 00101217– AMNH _PBI 00101230), 8♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00101235– AMNH _PBI 00101242), light trap, 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00101216, AMNH _PBI 00101217) ( AMNH). 3.5 mi W of Westgard Pass Summit on Route 168, 37.30028 ° N 118.15306 ° W, 2188 m, 12 Jul 1980, R.T. Schuh and G.M. Stonedahl, Purshia glandulosa Curran (Rosaceae) , det. B. Ertter 1980, 233 ( AMNH _PBI 00102295, AMNH _PBI 00102297–AMNH_PBI 00102317, AMNH _ PBI 00102335), 18♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102318– AMNH _PBI 00102333, AMNH_PBI 00102344, AMNH _PBI 00102797) Purshia glandulosa Curran (Rosaceae) , det. B. Ertter 1980, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102762) ( AMNH). Kern Co.: E of Caliente on Caliente Creek Rd, Twin Oaks, 35.30702 ° N 118.4233 ° W, 836 m, 22 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Juniperus californica Carr. (Cupressaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR140634, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102363) ( AMNH). E of Caliente on Walker Basin Road, 35.38774 ° N 118.425 ° W, 1220 m, 22 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , det. Field ID, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00102381– AMNH _PBI 00102383), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102385, AMNH _PBI 00102386) ( AMNH). Randsburg, T29S R40E S35, 35.36861 ° N 117.65722 ° W, 08 Apr 1985, M. Clement, 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00083082, AMNH _ PBI 00083083) ( UCR). Randsburg, site 2, 35.36861 ° N 117.65722 ° W, in catharidin trap, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00133866) ( USNM). S of Bodfish on Caliente-Bodfish Road, 35.56089 ° N 118.5053 ° W, 1094 m, 22 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Corville (Sterculiaceae) , det. Field ID, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102388) Cercocarpus betuloides Torr. and A. Gray (Rosaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR140632, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102384) ( AMNH). Near Kernville, Headquarters Camp, Sequoia National Forest, 35.75472 ° N 118.42444 ° W, 18 Jun 1993, W.F. Chamberlain, 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00105574– AMNH _PBI 00105576), 5♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105578– AMNH _PBI 00105582) ( TAMU). Los Angeles Co.: 5 mi W of Palmdale, 34.57944 ° N 118.20335 ° W, 14 Apr 1932, E.P. Van Duzee, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00077890) ( CAS). Solemint, Mint Canyon, 34.41528 ° N 118.45278 ° W, 28 Apr 1955, W.R. Richards, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105035) ( CNC); 28 Apr 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00105033, AMNH _PBI 00105034) ( CNC); 28 Apr 1955, J.E.H. Martin, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00105038, AMNH _PBI 00105039) ( CNC). Riverside Co.: Coachella Valley, 33.6803 ° N 116.17389 ° W, 07 Apr 1920, R.S. Woglun, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083088), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083093) ( UCR). Menifee Valley, hills on W end, 33.72833 ° N 117.14556 ° W, 549 m, 09 May 1978, J.D. Pinto, light trap, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083115) ( UCR). Millard Canyon, 33.94361 ° N 116.795 ° W, 890 m, 20 Apr 1968, L.O. Tejada, ( Asteraceae ), 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083091) ( UCR). Riverside, 33.95333 ° N 117.39528 ° W, 05 Apr 1934, Timberlake, Lotus scoparius (Fabaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083107) Eriogonum fasciculatum (Polygonaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083106) ( UCR). Riverside County, T2S R4E S18, 33.9987 ° N 116.6085 ° W, 14 Feb 1987, D.H. Headrick, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083087) ( UCR). Snow Creek, 33.89002 ° N 116.68418 ° W, 09 Apr 1981, D.M. Fox, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083085) ( UCR). Temecula, 33.49361 ° N 117.1475 ° W, 25 Jun 1948, collector unknown, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083089) ( UCR). Timico Acres, T3N R5E S20, 34.3318 ° N 116.4833 ° W, 1030 m, 27 Apr 1988, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, Encelia actoni (Asteraceae) , 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00107233, AMNH _PBI 00107234) ( USNM). Wilson Valley Road, 1 mi N of Hemet, 33.762 ° N 116.97111 ° W, 21 Apr 1980, L. Russell and M.D. Schwartz, Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102786) ( AMNH). San Bernardino Co.: 1.5 mi W of Kramer Junction, 34.99444 ° N 117.61147 ° W, 21 Apr 1980, L. Russell and M.D. Schwartz, Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102788) ( AMNH). 17.6 mi S of Barstow on Rt 247, 34.64417 ° N 117.02194 ° W, 1060 m, 02 May 1985, R.T. Schuh and B.M. Massie, Sphaeralcea sp. (Malvaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00102643), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102647) ( AMNH). 18 mi N of Lucerne Valley, 34.76446 ° N 116.92139 ° W, 03 May 1985, J.D. Pinto, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083492) ( UCR). 2 km NW of I-15 on Rt 138, N of San Bernardino, 34.31089 ° N 117.4971 ° W, 1555 m, 18 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Corville (Sterculiaceae) , det. Field ID, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00102367) ( AMNH). 2 mi E of Camp Angelus, 38.00222 ° N 120.09941 ° W, 28 Jun 1978, J.D. Pinto, Amorpha californica (Fabaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083084) ( UCR). 3 mi SW of Victorville, 34.50533 ° N 117.32763 ° W, 09 Aug 1948, Timberlake, Tetradymia spinosa (Asteraceae) , 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00083109, AMNH _PBI 00083110), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083117) ( UCR). 3 mi W of Lucerne Valley, 34.44389 ° N 117.01953 ° W, 05 May 1975, J.D. Pinto, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083090), 3♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083094– AMNH _PBI 00083096) ( UCR). 4 mi SW of Victorville, 34.49507 ° N 117.34009 ° W, 06 May 1934, Timberlake, Ericameria cooperi (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083111) ( UCR). 5.4 mi W of Lucerne Valley, 34.44389 ° N 117.0616 ° W, 935 m, 13 May 1978, J.D. Pinto and R.T. Schuh, Ericameria nauseosa (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00101252) ( AMNH).Adelanto, 34.58278 ° N 117.40833 ° W, 09 Aug 1948, Timberlake, Hymenoclea salsola (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083108) ( UCR). Apple Valley, 34.53139 ° N 117.28278 ° W, 12 May 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 103 ( AMNH _PBI 00104973– AMNH _PBI 00104982) ( CNC); 19 May 1955, W.R. Richards, 6♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105026– AMNH _PBI 00105031) ( CNC); 09 May 1955, W.R. Richards, 63 ( AMNH _PBI 00104983– AMNH _PBI 00104988), 9♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00105012– AMNH _PBI 00105020) ( CNC); 11 May 1955, W.R. Richards, light trap, 133 ( AMNH _PBI 00104989– AMNH _PBI 00105001) ( CNC); 06 May 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105002) ( CNC); 08 May 1955, W.R. Richards, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105003), 3♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105021– AMNH _PBI 00105023) ( CNC); 08 May 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105004) ( CNC); 09 May 1955, J.E. H. Martin, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105005), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105024, AMNH _PBI 00105025) ( CNC); 20 May 1955, J.E.H. Martin, light trap, 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00105006– AMNH _PBI 00105008) ( CNC); 24 May 1955, W.R. Richards, light trap, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105009) ( CNC); 14 May 1955, J.E.H. Martin, 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00105010, AMNH _PBI 00105011) ( CNC); 20 May 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105032) ( CNC). Daggett, 34.86331 ° N 116.88809 ° W, 13 Apr 1955, J.E.H. Martin, 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00105054– AMNH _PBI 00105056) ( CNC); 14 Apr 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105057) ( CNC). E of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 2 km W of Rt 138, Los Angeles National Forest, 34.37824 ° N 117.6117 ° W, 1556 m, 18 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. (Ericaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR140625, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102366), Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller (Hydrophyllaceae) , det. Field ID, 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102369, AMNH _PBI 00102370), Salvia dorrii (Kell.) Abrams (Lamiaceae) , det. Field ID, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102371) ( AMNH). Helendale, T7N R3W S18, 34.6966 ° N 117.2346 ° W, 29 Apr 1982, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, Hymenoclea salsola (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083105) ( UCR). Hymenoclea salsola (Asteraceae) , 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00107226, AMNH _PBI 00107227) ( USNM). Joshua Tree National Monument, Lower Covington flat, 34.03779 ° N 116.30889 ° W, E.L. Sleeper and M.L. West, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00077873), 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00077876– AMNH _PBI 00077879) ( CAS); E.L. Sleeper, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00077874), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00077880, AMNH _PBI 00077881) ( CAS); M. Knox and E. Sleeper, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00077875) ( CAS); 30 Apr 1960, M. Knox, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00077884) ( CAS). Joshua Tree National Monument, Smithwater Wash, 34.07259 ° N 116.27489 ° W, 30 Apr 1960, E.L. Sleeper, 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00077882, AMNH _PBI 00077883) ( CAS). Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, 34.08721 ° N 117.11396 ° W, 1829 m, 04 Jul 1961, Timberlake, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083112) ( UCR); 12 Jul 1961, Timberlake, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083113) ( UCR). Mountain Home, 34.12057 ° N 116.99669 ° W, 04 Jul 1935, Timberlake, Eriodictyon trichocalyx (Hydrophyllaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083114) ( UCR). NW of Pioneertown, T1N R4E S12, 34.1844 ° N 116.5269 ° W, 1280 m, 03 May 1994, M. Cooperband, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083497) ( UCR). NW of Pioneertown, T1N R4E S13, 34.1731 ° N 116.5173 ° W, 27 Apr 1993, Ali Al- Wahaibi, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083499) ( UCR). Pioneertown, UC Burns Reserve, 34.15667 ° N 116.4961 ° W, 1350 m, 25 Apr 1995, J. Freilich, 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00083489– AMNH _PBI 00083491) ( UCR). Rainbow Basin, T11N R2W S26, 35.0168 ° N 117.0583 ° W, 29 Apr 1982, R.D. Goeden and D.W. Ricker, Hymenoclea salsola (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083104), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083116) ( UCR). S of Pioneertown, Skyline Ranch Road, 34.1545 ° N 116.48479 ° W, 25 Apr 1995, Katryn Schiro, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00083498) ( UCR). Twentynine Palms, 34.13556 ° N 116.05333 ° W, 27 Apr 1982, Kevin Grangetto, 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00083086, AMNH _PBI 00083092), 7♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00083097– AMNH _PBI 00083103) ( UCR). Victorville, 34.53611 ° N 117.29028 ° W, 09 May 1955, W.R.M. Mason, 53 ( AMNH _PBI 00105045– AMNH _PBI 00105049), 4♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105050– AMNH _PBI 00105053) ( CNC). Just E of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 34.35774 ° N 117.6105 ° W, 1700 m, 18 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) Gray (Rosaceae) , det. Field ID, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102364) Purshia glandulosa Curran (Rosaceae) , det. Field ID, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102365) ( AMNH). San Diego Co.: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, Palm Canyon Campground, 33.22111 ° N 116.33333 ° W, 180 m, 16 May 1982, M.D. Schwartz, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00101253, AMNH _PBI 00101254) ( AMNH). Carrizo Creek, intersection with Rt 79, 7 mi S of Warner Springs, 33.19988 ° N 116.71081 ° W, 16 May 1982, M.D. Schwartz, Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. and Rusby (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102689) ( AMNH). McClain Valley, T14S R6E S11, 32.84866 ° N 116.8269 ° W, 510 m, 19 Apr 1994, M. Cooperband, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00083518) ( UCR). Tecate, 32.57728 ° N 116.62751 ° W, 20 May 1964, R. Duke, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00107233) ( USNM). Sierra Co. : 6 mi S of Sierraville, 39.50275 ° N 120.36639 ° W, 06 Aug 1995, W.F. Chamberlain, light trap, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105577) ( TAMU). Siskiyou Co.: Dunsmuir, 41.20821 ° N 122.27195 ° W, 29 Jul 1935, R.H. Beamer, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00075274) ( KU). Tulare Co.: NE of Springville on Bear Creek Rd near Scicon, 36.21394 ° N 118.7716 ° W, 700 m, 23 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102392) Arctostaphylos viscida Parry (Ericaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR140624, 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102392) Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. (Rhamnaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR140622, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00102389– AMNH _PBI 00102391), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102393) ( AMNH). Tuolumne Co.: 4 mi W of Pinecrest, 38.18859 ° N 120.0635 ° W, 17 Jul 1961, J.G. Rozen, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102337) ( AMNH). Unknown Co.: Red Mountain, 16 May 1955, J.E.H. Martin, 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00105040, AMNH _ PBI 00105041), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105042) ( CNC); 11 May 1955, W.R. Richards, 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105043, AMNH _PBI 00105044) ( CNC). Colorado: Larimer Co.: Pingree Park road at jct. w. Colo. 14, 40.56111 ° N 105.59722 ° W, 14 Jul 1986, J.T. and D.A. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00065173) ( JTP). Idaho: Latah Co.: Moscow Mountain, 46.80361 ° N 116.86778 ° W, 31 Jul 1972, L.A. Kelton, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 103 ( AMNH _PBI 00105173– AMNH _PBI 00105182), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105183, AMNH _PBI 00105184) Medicago sativa (Fabaceae) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00105185) ( CNC). Nevada: Elko Co.: 18 mi SE of Halleck on Rt 11, Secret Canyon, T34N R60E Sec15, 40.829 ° N 115.1915 ° W, 1905 m, 26 Jul 1982, M.D. Schwartz, Purshia mexicana (Rosaceae) , 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00101255– AMNH _PBI 00101256, AMNH _PBI 00102780), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00101262, AMNH _ PBI 00101263) Purshia mexicana (Rosaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00101209) ( AMNH). 30 mi SE of I-80 on Hwy 229, 40.63882 ° N 115.26676 ° W, 1908 m, 19 Jul 1980, G.M. Stonedahl, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00101231, AMNH _PBI 00101232), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00101243) ( AMNH). Lincoln Co.: 5 mi NE of jct of Rt 38 and Rt 93, 762 m, 19 May 1982, M.D. Schwartz, Grayia spinosa (Chenopodiaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102428), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102456) ( AMNH). Nye Co.: 3.5 mi SE of Manhattan, Toiyabe National Forest, 38.50311 ° N 117.02678 ° W, 2134 m, 13 Jul 1980, R.T. Schuh and G.M. Stonedahl, Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson (Rosaceae) , det. B. Ertter (1980), 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00102641) ( AMNH). Atomic Test Site, 2 mi W of Tippapah Hwy on Mine Mountain Rd, 36.99111 ° N 116.18036 ° W, 1341 m, 07 Jun 1983, Schuh, Schwartz, and Stonedahl, Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson (Rosaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102425) ( AMNH). Atomic Test Site, 2.6 mi W of Mercury Hwy, Cane Springs Rd (A5), 36.66056 ° N 116.04046 ° W, 1036 m, 06 Jun 1983, Schuh, Schwartz, and Stonedahl, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102424) ( AMNH). Atomic Test Site, Tweezer Rd at Orange Blossom Rd. (A6), 41.3692 ° N 114.04281 ° W, 1448 m, 08 Jun 1983, Schuh, Schwartz,and Stonedahl, Tetradymia sp. (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00102422), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102429, AMNH _PBI 00102430) ( AMNH). Berlin Ichthyosaur State Monument on Rt 844, 38.88194 ° N 117.60667 ° W, 1935 m, 01 Jul 1983, R.T. Schuh and M.D. Schwartz, Symphoricarpos longiflorus A. Gray (Caprifoliaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102423), 4♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102443– AMNH _PBI 00102446) ( AMNH). Oregon: Jackson Co.: 0.5 mi E of Pinehurst, 42.11778 ° N 122.35525 ° W, 1082 m, 27 Jun 1979, M.D. Schwartz, Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. (Rhamnaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00101251), 4♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00101257– AMNH _PBI 00101260) ( AMNH). Utah: Sevier Co.: 2.3 mi N of I-70 on road to Kanosh, 38.60638 ° N 112.45206 ° W, 2128 m, 16 Jul 1980, G.M. Stonedahl, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102781); Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00101233), 7♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00101244– AMNH _PBI 00101250) ( AMNH). 2.4 mi S of Route 4 on Kanosh road, 38.57024 ° N 112.45055 ° W, 2181 m, 16 Jul 1980, R.T. Schuh and G.M. Stonedahl, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00102682, AMNH _PBI 00102685) ( AMNH); Juniperus sp. (Cupressaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102336); Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) , 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102683, AMNH _PBI 00102684), 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102681). 4.3 mi W of Sevier on route I-70, 38.57508 ° N 112.3369 ° W, 1768 m, 16 Jul 1980, G.M. Stonedahl, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00101234) ( AMNH). Richfield, 38.7725 ° N 112.08333 ° W, 15 Jul 1930, collector unknown, light trap, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105585) ( TAMU). Washington: Whitman Co.: Pullman, 46.73139 ° N 117.17861 ° W, 12 Jul 1898, C.V. Piper, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00107232) ( USNM). Yakima Co.: Yakima, 46.60222 ° N 120.50472 ° W, 15 Jun 1932, A.R. Rolfs, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00105058) ( CNC). Wyoming: Lincoln Co.: 15 mi S of Afton on Rt 89, Salt River Pass, 42.53796 ° N 110.89225 ° W, 2326 m, 21 Jul 1981, M.D. Schwartz, Lupinus sp. (Fabaceae) , 23 ( AMNH _PBI 00102334, AMNH _ PBI 00102687), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00102688) ( AMNH). Salt River Pass, 15 mi S of Afton on Rt 89, 42.54234 ° N 110.89431 ° W, 2326 m, 21 Jul 1981, M.D. Schwartz, Lupinus sp. (Fabaceae) , 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00102763) ( AMNH).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: USA: California: San Diego Co.: San Diego County, 32.71528 ° N 117.15639 ° W, 24 May 1913, E.P. Van Duzee, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00077859) (CAS); 08 May 1913, E P. Van Duzee, 33 ( A. rubrum are the bottom specimens, two per pin) (AMNH_PBI 00077860, AMNH_ PBI 00077867, AMNH_PBI 00077868) (CAS); 13 (two specimens on pin, A. rubrum male only) (AMNH_PBI 00107231) (USNM); 19 Jun 1913, E.P. Van Duzee, 13, 1♀ (on same pin) (AMNH_PBI 00077856) (CAS). Smuggler’s Wash, T14S R6E S11, 32.96800 ° N 116.32830 ° W, 510 m, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00083279, AMNH_ PBI 00083280) (UCR). San Luis Obispo Co.: SW of San Luis Obispo, Arroyo Grande Creek, 35.11644 ° N 120.58609 ° W, 160 m, 08 May 1985, R.T. Schuh and B.M. Massie, Salvia mellifera (Lamiaceae) , 13 (AMNH_ PBI 00102686) (AMNH). Ventura Co.: 6 mi W of Big Oak Flat, 34.57384 ° N 118.79765 ° W, 11 May 1997, W.F. Chamberlain, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae) , 1♀ (AMNH_PBI00105583) (TAMU). Colorado: Boulder Co.: Boulder, 40.015 ° N 105.27 ° W, 1676 m, 21 Jul 1903, E.P. Van Duzee, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00077891, AMNH_PBI 00077892) (CAS). Utah: Millard Co.: Oak Creek Forest Camp, Fish Lake National Forest, 39.34936 ° N 112.26637 ° W, 11 Jul 1993, W.F. Chamberlain, light trap, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00105584) (TAMU).