Daleapidea Knight

Forero, D., 2008, Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Hadronema Group (Miridae: Orthotylinae: Orthotylini), With Descriptions Of New Genera And New Species, And Comments On The Neotropical Genus Tupimiris, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2008 (312), pp. 1-172 : 63-66

Daleapidea Knight

Type species: Daleapidea daleae Knight, 1968 (by original designation).

Daleapidea Knight, 1968: 101 [n. gen.]; Henry and Wheeler, 1988: 407 [catalog]; Schuh, 1989: 159 [revision]; Schuh, 1995: 102 [catalog].

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the elongate genital capsule (figs. 20F, 21); the basally enlarged first antennal segments of male (figs. 2, 20A); and the apically enlarged and ventrally flattened front tibiae laterally beset with enlarged setae (fig. 20C).

Daleapidea is easily distinguished from other members of the Hadronema group by the enlarged genital capsule and the particular modifications on the fore tibia. Other members of the Hadronema group have the genital capsule subquadrangular or subtriangular but never elongate, and the fore tibia is mostly cylindrical and never expanded apically. Daleapidea females are difficult to identify without associated males, as they might resemble females of Origonema , but coloration alone can help sort them out.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Robust, medium to moderately large species, total length 3.78–

4.59. COLORATION: Black or dark orange, with gray, orange, and pale markings (fig. 2). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Surface dull, smooth, beset with microtrichia; simple short or very short decumbent setae on dorsum (fig. 20D). STRUCTURE: HEAD

(fig. 20A): Transverse, declivent, ovoid in lateral view, dull or shiny, scattered setae on surface; clypeus protruding basally, almost vertical; frons convex; vertex weakly convex, posterior margin not raised; mandibular and maxillary plates occupying half of height of head, rounded at apex; gena with scattered short simple setae; gula barely shorter than buccula; buccula sometimes laterally expanded, with short or long setae, dense or not; eyes large, ovate, in dorsal view close to the anterior margin of pronotum; labrum subequal or shorter than buccula, narrow, acute apically; labium almost or reaching mesocoxa, II more densely setose than other segments; antennal segment I enlarged subbasally, at least twice as wide as II, II the longest, sometimes apex flattened, expanded, and covered with dense short setae, III shorter than II, and similar in diameter as II, IV the shortest and smallest in diameter. THORAX: Collar short, flattened; pronotum trapezoidal, weakly convex, not strongly inclined, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles oblique, broadly rounded, calli not distinct, not elevated, with scattered shiny spots, posterior lobe weakly rugose; mesoscutum usually hidden by pronotum; scutellum triangular, nearly equilateral, barely elevated, disc flat or weakly convex with anterior margin weakly concave; pleural area with scattered setae; proepisternum beset with long setae or nearly glabrous, sometimes weakly protruding laterally; metepisternum with macrotrichia, sometimes densely covered; metepisternal scent-gland evaporatory area from present to absent, if present, dorsal margin almost rounded and posteriorly weakly triangular, not reaching level of dorsal portion of metacoxae; peritreme from normally developed to absent (fig. 20B), if present, rounded, weakly protruding; prosternum glabrous. Hemelytra: Nearly parallel, weakly sinuate before cuneus, as long as abdomen; clavus weakly elevated respect to corium; corium deflexed laterally from medial fracture; cuneus not deflexed, barely longer than wide; membrane about half as long as hemelytron. Legs: Coxae elongate, nearly cylindrical, beset with sparse or dense short setae; trochanters globose, with short, sparse or dense setae; profemur weakly compressed anteroposteriorly, barely greater in diameter basally, about as long as mesofemur, ventral surface with very short setae, sometimes covered with setae as long as width of femur; mesofemur similar to profemur, less enlarged basally; metafemur wider than pro- and mesofemur, enlarged basally, weakly curved posteriorly in dorsal view, sometimes ventrally weakly excavated and curved ventrally but not posteriorly, and beset apically with numerous setae as long as femoral width; protibia cylindrical, wider than mesotibia, distal half weakly curved inward, apex with a ventral flat expanded area laterally covered densely or not with short, enlarged setae, medially weakly excavated (fig. 20C); mesotibia of subequal length as protibia, but narrow, straight; metatibia as thick as mesotibia, longer than pro- and mesotibia; first tarsal segment the shortest, third the longest, sometimes mesotarsus laterally with numerous long delicate setae; pretarsus as in figure 20E. ABDOMEN: Sternites with very short sparse setae, sometimes with denser and longer setae; segments III–VI barely keeled medially, sometimes area flat. GENITALIA: Genital capsule elongated, approximately twice as long as wide; aperture inclined, small and ovate, curved to the left, anterior margin strongly sclerotized; ventrolateral right projection narrow or wide, truncate or rounded; proctiger surpassing apex of genital capsule; cuplike sclerite not surpassing ventrolateral projection, bases delicate, long, not reaching anterior margin of aperture, right and left portions subequal in length, right portion narrow, left one wider, weakly elevated; supragenital bridge thick, heavily sclerotized, located above insertions of parameres; insertion of right paramere weakly above left; left paramere sickle-shaped, apicoventral process blunt or acute, sometimes dorsal medial surface projecting as a long dorsal lobe bearing apically stout setae, and sometimes apex of paramere with a flattened truncate dorsad projection (fig. 21); right paramere hatchet-shaped in medial view, body elongated, small or medium-sized tubercle on dorsal angle projecting medially, apically blunt or acute, apex of paramere broadly rounded with a cephalad projected margin, or more rounded, or narrow; phallotheca almost cylindrical, without any protuberances on surface, well sclerotized on dorsal and ventrodistal surfaces, weakly so on basal third, opening long, ovate elongate, directed to the left, inclined, more than half as long as phallotheca (fig. 21); vesica with two well-sclerotized spicules, left and right, located at base of sclerotized piece of ductus seminis; left spicule gradually enlarged apically, apically rounded without denticles, with two projections (rami), apical and preapical, directed cephalad, expanded distally, variously denticulate; right spicule about half as long as left one, enlarged basally, constricted at middle, narrowing distally, variously denticulate at apex, strongly or gently curved upward, and weakly directed to the left; sclerotized part of ductus seminis long, about as long as left spicule.

Female: Similar to male, but wider and larger, total length 4.22–4.81. COLORA- TION: Similar to male (fig. 2). SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: HEAD: Scapus not incrassate as in male. THORAX: Legs: Fore tibia apically less expanded; mesotarsus without long setae laterally. ABDOMEN: Segments III–VI not keeled. GENITALIA: Subgenital plate short, nearly as long as wide, broadly triangular, apex rounded (fig. 23), reaching middle of segment VIII; base of ovipositor located nearly at longitudinal midpoint of abdomen; interramal sclerites oblong or subquadrangular, edges usually not well defined (fig. 22); dorsal lobes of interramal sclerites ovate or oblong, inner margin sinuate, subbasally enlarged medially and curved inward, outer margin curved gently medially distally, apically acute, covered with small microtrichia mostly arranged homogeneously in a scalelike fashion (fig. 22); sigmoid process and dorsal margin of interramal sclerites covered with microtrichia (fig. 22); medial process neither distinct nor sclerotized; dorsal labiate plate without any sclerotized modified structures; sclerotized rings subrectangular, external margin laterally recurved, medial posterior margin sometimes produced and weakly sclerotized, lateral small accessory sclerite from almost inconspicuous to acute or enlarged (fig. 22); internal surface of seminal depository anterior to sclerotized rings usually covered with small microtrichia; caudal ventral margin of ventral labiate plate forming a medium-sized ventral protuberance, weakly covering part of the anterior wall in posterior view (fig. 23), sometimes distally weakly sclerotized; inner margin of first gonapophyses symmetrical; anterior wall membranous, without conspicuous folds or sclerotizations.

DISTRIBUTION: Western United States from the Great Basin and Mohave Deserts to the Sierra Nevada, south to Baja California, Mexico, to about 28 ° N (fig. 19).

HOST ASSOCIATIONS: All Daleapidea species are associated with Fabaceae species of the genus Psorothamnus ( Schuh, 1989) . Daleapidea was named by Knight (1968) due to its association with ‘‘ Dalea ’’ plants and by the apparent resemblance to Lopidea . ‘‘ Dalea ’’ species associated with Daleapidea mentioned by Knight are now all segregated in the genus Psorothamnus ( Barneby, 1977) . Old labels mentioning ‘‘ Dalea ’’ as host plants cannot unambiguously be identified and may be any of the segregated genera, or one of the more than 160 described species of Dalea ( Barneby, 1977, 1990).

DISCUSSION: Schuh (1989) in his revision of Daleapidea documented for the first time the distinctive structure present in the fore tibia. This distal flattened area on the ventral surface of the fore tibia has a set of setae on its lateral margins that vary with respect to their density. Daleapidea albescens is the only species in which the setae are not densely set.

Schuh (1989: fig. 5L) presented a schematic illustration for the phallotheca of D. decorata . This structure was misinterpreted in the provided drawing as being completely open dorsally with overlapping lateral margins. Nevertheless, the phallotheca of the three described species of Daleapidea share a particular configuration (fig. 21), similar to the type found in Aoplonemella (fig. 17), Origonema (fig. 43), and particularly to the form found in Hadronema and Hadronemidea (figs. 28, 29, 39).

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