Copelatus (Ivohibe and North of Toamasina): sp. 3

Ranarilalatiana, Tolotra, Raveloson Ravaomanarivo, Lala Harivelo & Bergsten, Johannes, 2019, Taxonomic revision of the genus Copelatus of Madagascar (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae): the non- erichsonii group species, ZooKeys 869, pp. 19-90 : 19

Copelatus (Ivohibe and North of Toamasina): sp. 3 Fig. 9D

Material studied.

Fianarantsoa. Ihorombe: Ivohibe: -3♀ (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010856, 65699, 65734 // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe: R.S. Pic | d’Ivohibe: Andaranovory: close to botanical | transect R.S. Pic d’Ivohibe: S22.47511667 | E046.9559, 1106 m, 10.XII.2013, GB Nets and | sieves: small lake with dead leaves and | vegetation, Leg. J.H. Randriamihaja & | T. Ranarialalatiana: Field# MAD13-61 // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. insuetus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Toamasina. Atsinanana: Toamasina, Toamasina II: -1♀ (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010811 // Madagascar: Toamasina II: Analalava | reserve: MAD17-12: S of nursery plants: | S17.71055; E49.45002; 39 m: Forest | stream with side pools: 09/03/2017; | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. insuetus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -1♀ (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010779 // Madagascar: Toamasina: | Antsinanana: RN2, 6Km N | Toamasina by bridge: S18.06493 | E049.37856, 0 m. 15.XI.2011, | GB Nets and sieves: river and | sidepool: Field# MAD11-52 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. insuetus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //

Comments.

The DNA data revealed that these females represent one or possibly two additional new species in the C. insuetus complex ( Figs 2 , 3 ). In fact, the CO1 data reveals that they are the most divergent in that group and are sister to a clade with all the other species: C. insuetus , C. vokoka , C. kely , and C. ankaratra . The genetic distance between members of these two clades ranges from a minimum of 4.5% to a maximum of 7.1%, strongly indicating a separately evolving unit. The genetic distance between the specimens from Ivohibe and those from north of Toamasina was 2.3-2.4% (K2P), a distance that does not rule out conspecificity as the geographic and altitudinal distance are substantial between these localities (for distribution see Fig. 12C ). It is also on the same level as the intraspecific distance found within C. ankaratra between a peak population and a population at lower altitude of the Ankaratra Massif between which we do not find any morphological character differences to justify further separation. On the other hand, C. kely and C. insuetus are indistinguishable based on CO1 squences alone ( Figs 2 , 3 ). We refrain from describing these as a new species since the shape of male genitalia is very important for identification in this group. Morphologically we note the following based on the females: in body size this species is similar to C. vokoka , slightly larger than C. kely but slightly smaller than C. insuetus and C. ankaratra . Compared with females of C. vokoka , Copelatus sp. 3 has a narrower testaceous basal band, flatter elytral intervals between striae, and more limited striolation on pronotum, restricted to posterolateral corners. Copelatus ankaratra can be distinguished based on its dark colour and extremely elongate body shape. Small C. insuetus females can often be distinguished on the posteriorly extended testaceous basal medial band. It is most difficult to distinguish Copelatus sp. 3 females from large female specimens of C. kely .

Figures

Figure 2. Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis of CO 1. Values next to nodes indicate posterior probabilities.

Figure 3. Result of the single-locus GMYC species delimitation using an ultrametric CO 1 genetree from BEAST. Black branches indicate interspecific divergences, red branches represent intraspecific coalescence events. Values above interspecific nodes indicate posterior probability from the Beast analysis under a strict clock model. The * indicates two nodes of further splitting from the GMYC analysis that is within the confidence interval of 2 Log likelihood units from the optimal solution.

Figure 9. Habitus, dorsal view. A Female: Copelatus insuetus B Male: Copelatus vokoka sp. nov. C Female: Copelatus kely sp. nov. D Female: Copelatus sp. 3 (Ivohibe).

Figure 12. Distribution maps of Copelatus species. A C. insuetus (circle), C. pseudostriatus sp. nov. (square) B C. kely sp. nov. (circle), C. vokoka sp. nov. (square) C C. ankaratra sp. nov. (circle), C. sp. 3 (square) D C. safiotra sp. nov. (circle), C. befasicus (square).