Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863 )

Caldara, Roberto & Toševski, Ivo, 2019, Rhinusa Stephens: a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the R. linariae R. herbarum, R. melas, and R. mauritii groups (Coleoptera Curculionidae), Zootaxa 4679 (2), pp. 318-340 : 324-326

Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863)

Figs 4 , 12, 13 , 28 , 34, 40

Gymnetron herbarum H. Brisout de Barneville, 1863: 658 . Desbrochers des Loges 1893: 25. Rey 1894: 74. Reitter 1907: 35;

1916: 229. Peyerimhoff 1915: 58. Hustache 1932: 417, 426. Hoffmann 1958: 1284, 1302. Smreczyński 1976: 37. Lohse &

Tischler 1983: 268. Mecinus herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville) . Bedel 1885: 146; 1887: 307. Sainte-Claire Deville 1924: 69. Rhinusa herbarum (H. Brisout de Barneville) . Caldara 2001: 185. Caldara et al. 2010: 52. Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017: 203. Gymnetron consors Desbrochers des Loges, 1898: 42 . Reitter 1907: 35. Hoffmann 1958: 1303. Caldara 2013: 141. Gymnetron semirufum Desbrochers des Loges, 1898: 29 . Reitter 1907: 35 (syn. n.). Gymnetron mourieri Hoffmann, 1957: 57 . Caldara 2013: 52. Gymnetron herbarum var. maritimum Hoffmann, 1958: 1303 (infrasubspecific name).

Type locality. Pyrenees ( France). Type series. In the original description H. Brisout de Barneville (1863) reported that R. herbarum is distributed throughout France. We examined a syntype of this species (SMTD) labelled “Pyrenees, Stierlin / Coll. Faust Ankauf 1900 / Type” and designated it as the lectotype of Gymnetron herbarum H. Brisout de Barneville by adding the label “ LECTOTYPUS Gymnetron herbarum Bris. Caldara des. 2006 [printed red label]”. Therefore “French Pyrenees” becomes the type locality ( ICZN, 1999 Art. 76.2).

Synonyms. Desbrochers des Loges described Gymnetron consors based on specimens from Algeria (Medjez- Amar) and Tunisia (Teboursouk, Gabés), noticing that this species with brownish integument is very closely related to R. herbarum . At MNHN (coll. Desbrochers des Loges), under the label “consors” we examined a female labelled “Teboursouk / Ex Musaeo Desbrochers des Loges 1914” which corresponds very well to the original description. Therefore, we considered this specimen as a syntype and designated it as the lectotype of Gymnetron consors Desbrochers des Loges by adding the label “ LECTOTYPUS Gymnetron consors Desbr. Caldara des. 2006 [printed red label]”. It does not show any difference from the typical specimens of R. herbarum . Therefore, we can confirm the opinion by Caldara (2013) based on the original description and added the label “ Rhinusa herbarum (Bris.) Caldara det. 2019 [printed white label]” to the lectotype.

Gymnetron semirufum was described by Desbrochers des Loges (1898) based on two male specimens collected by Normand at Teboursouk, which is also the type locality of R. consors . We did not find these specimens, but by the original description and the comparative notes we concluded that this taxon with reddish elytra is synonymous with R. herbarum .

Hoffmann (1957) described Gymnetron mourieri based on a male and a female collected at Oudjda ( Morocco) and compared with G. melinum Reitter, 1872 . We examined these two specimens (coll. Hoffmann, MNHN) and could verify that this taxon is completely different from G. melinum and synonymous with R. herbarum as established by Caldara (2013).

Hoffmann (1958) also described the variety maritima of R. herbarum from specimens collected in Provence. This name is unambiguously infrasubspecific ( ICZN, 1999 Art. 45.6.1) and unavailable ( ICZN, 1999 Art. 45.5), since this variety was found together with the typical form and in the same paper some subspecies were described.

Redescription. Male. Body: oval, stout ( Fig. 4 ). Rostrum: reddish brown, short (Rl/Pl 0.74), stout; in lateral view almost straight, gradually narrowed from base to apex ( Fig. 12 ); in dorsal view with sides weakly narrowed from antennal insertion to apex, with slightly visible scrobes, striate-punctate to near apex, from base to middle with dense subrecumbent to suberect long (l/w 6–9) setiform light brown scales. Head: between eyes slightly wider than rostrum at base, without fovea. Eyes almost flat. Antennae: reddish, inserted just beyond middle of rostrum; scape short about 3,5× longer than wide, funicle slightly longer than scape, with segment 1 1.5× longer than wide, distinctly stouter and 1.3× longer than segment 2, which is 1.3× longer than wide, segments 3–5 gradually more transverse; club short, oval, with segment 1 pubescent similarly to others. Pronotum: brown, with dense and regular punctures, intervals between punctures narrow, smooth and shining, slightly visible between dense subrecumbent to erect long to very long (l/w 7–12) setiform light brown scales; transverse (Pw/Pl 1.35), without constriction at apex, with distinctly rounded sides, widest just before middle, moderately convex. Elytra: reddish brown, short (El/Ew 1.24), suboval, 1.22× as wide as pronotum, with weakly rounded sides, widest at middle, moderately convex on disc; interstriae poorly visible between sparse recumbent to mostly suberect long setiform light brown scales, 0.75–1.50× width of interstria (l/w 7–12) and irregularly arranged and denser on interstria 1; striae poorly visible, two thirds as wide as interstriae, with a row of scales narrower than the short ones on interstriae. Legs: slender, with rather dense subrecumbent to erect greyish scales, slightly shorter than width of tibia; femora reddish brown, subclavate, without tooth; tibiae reddish, rather long, with outer margin curved inward apically; unci blackish, stout, all of same size; tarsi reddish, with tarsomere 1 1.5× longer than wide, tarsomere 2 about as long as wide, tarsomere 3 bilobed and distinctly wider than tarsomere 2, onychium slightly shorter than tarsomeres 1–3 taken together; claws dark brown, equal in length. Venter: metasternum dark reddish, with dense recumbent to suberect long setiform whitish scales. Mesepimera, mes- and metepisterna with dense long setiform whitish scales. Abdomen dark reddish, with dense and regular punctures poorly visible between dense subrecumbent to erect setiform greyish scales; length ventrites 1+2/3+4 2.07. Penis: body of penis moderately long (l/ w 3.2), nearly parallel-sided, with subacutely rounded apex, in lateral view with sides higher apically; apodemes slightly shorter than body, in lateral view on same ideal plane joining base and apex of median lobe ( Fig. 28 ).

Female. Rostrum slightly longer (Rl/Pl 0.79) ( Fig. 13 ), in lateral view distinctly narrowed from antennal insertion to apex, antennae inserted at middle of rostrum, uncus of metatibiae smaller than others. Spiculum ventrale: arms distinctly spaced each other, apodeme shorter than arms ( Fig. 34 ). Spermatheca: ramus and collum well-developed ( Fig. 40 ).

Variability. Length 1.5–2.3 mm. Rostrum, pronotum and abdomen, seldom also legs and elytra, are dark brown and sometimes blackish brown. The colour of the dorsal vestiture, which is more or less raised, varies from whitish to light brown with feeble golden reflexion. The pronotum is more or less transverse, whereas the shape of the elytra varies from subrectangular to suboval.

Remarks and comparative notes. This species is very similar to R. vulpeculus , from which it differs by the mostly reddish integument and the more transverse pronotum with rounded sides. It may be immediately distinguished from the other species of the group, R. mateui , by the shape of the rostrum, distinctly stouter and tapered from base to apex, the distinctly bilobed tarsomere 3 and the less transverse pronotum. The shape of the rostrum is similar in lateral view to that of some species of the R. antirrhini group, but not in dorsal view where the basal half in crosssection in normally rectangular, and not trapezoidal, and the scrobes are only slightly visible.

Biological notes. The females oviposit in the seed capsules of Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. and K. spuria (L.) Dumort. during summer following phenology of plant flowering. Larvae complete their development and pupate inside seed capsules from which new adults emerge in late summer. Imagoes were also collected on K. commutata Bernh. in North Africa ( Peyerimhoff 1915). Adults recorded on Linaria vulgaris (L.) Mill. are probably occasional visitors since this plant has never been confirmed as a host for larval development.

Distribution. Central and Southern Europe, North Africa.

Non-type material examined. France: Île-de-France, Seine-et-Marne, Lesches , 13.IV.1947 (1, MNHN) ; Îlede-France, Seine-et-Marne, Cheppes , 19.IV.1949 (2, MNHN) ; Occitanie, Hérault, St. Guilhem , 16.VI.1959 (2, MNHN) ; Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Côte d’Or, Seurre, Marais de Boissy (1, MNHN) ; Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Décines-Charpieu (1, MNHN) ; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Alpes-Maritimes, Grasse , 18.VII.1940, on Kickxia spuria (5, MNHN) ; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Alpes-Maritimes, St. Jacques , VI.1946 (1, MNHN) ; Provence- Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Alpes-Maritimes, Mougnes , VII.1940, on Kickxia spuria (1, MNHN) ; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Alpes-Maritimes, Var, Ste. Baume , 18.VI.1919, leg. Chobaut (1, HNHM) . France (Corsica): Ajaccio , 19.V.1955 (1, MNHN) ; Aleria , 10.VI.1961 (2, MNHN) ; Aleria , 25–30.V.1976, leg. Caldara (1, RCCM) ; Marais de Biguglia , 11.VI.1961, on Linaria vulgaris (1, MNHN) ; Pianottoli , 28.V.1988, leg. Bellò (1, GOCV) ; Porto Vecchio , 16.V.1955 (1, MNHN) ; Prunete , 20–30.V.1976, leg. Caldara (1, RCCM) . Italy: Lombardia, Mantova, Ostiglia , XI.1962, leg. Magnano (1, BMNH) ; Lombardia, Pavia, Val Staffora, Pietragavina , 19.III.2004, leg. Diotti (1, LDCC) ; Liguria, Genova, Casella, Valle Scrivia , VII.1937, leg. Mancini (2, MSNM) ; Liguria, Savona, Alassio, Frazione Caso , 22.III.2006, leg. Diotti (1, LDCC) ; Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, Muzzana , 15.X.1950 (4, MSNM) ; Liguria, Sanremo , V.1952, leg. Failla (1, MSNF) ; Liguria, La Spezia, Zignago , 3.VIII.1984, leg. Failla (1, MSNF) ; Liguria, Savona, Alassio , 22.III.2006. leg. Diotti (1, LDCC) ; Liguria, Savona, Laigueglia , 5.X.1961, leg. Liberti (1, MSNM) ; Toscana, Firenze, Fiesole , 7.V.1961, leg. Failla (1, MSNF) ; Toscana, Firenze, Pratolino , 11.IV.1992, leg. Bellò (1, GOCV) ; Toscana, Firenze, Grassina , 23.VII.1965 (2, GOCV) ; Toscana, Siena, Guazzino , leg. Marchi (22, MSNF) ; Toscana, Grosseto, Poggiocavallo , II.1906, leg. Andreini (1, MSNF) ; Toscana, Pistoia, Padule di Fucecchio , 27.V.1972, leg. Abbazzi (1, PACF) ; Toscana, Firenze, Monteloro , 20.VII.1980, leg. Abbazzi (1, PACF) ; Toscana, Grosseto, Buriano , 1.V.1993, leg. Bellò (1, GOCV) ; Toscana, Isola del Giglio , III.1901, leg. Doria (6, MSNG) ; Marche, Monti. Sibillini, Bolognola , VI.1955 (1, BMNH) ; Marche, Pesaro, Monte Pincio near Novafeltria , 15.VI.1991, leg. Borovec (1, RBCS) ; Lazio, Roma, Nettuno , VII.1937, leg. Loro (1, RCCM) ; Lazio, Monti della Tolfa , 8.X.1989, leg. Bellò (2, GOCV) ; Abruzzo, Gran Sasso, Civitaretenga , 10.XI.1991, leg. Osella (1, GOCV) ; Abruzzo, Pescara, Montagne Morrone Popoli, Laghetto della Rocca , 27.VI.1998, leg. Presutto (1, GOCV) ; Puglia, Monte Gargano , 27.V.1951, leg. Busulini (1, MSNM) ; Puglia, Foggia, Cagnano Varano , 24.VIII.1980, leg. Bellò (2, GOCV) ; Puglia, Taranto, Bosco San Basilio , 16VI.2012, leg. Montemurro (1, LDCC) ; Puglia, Taranto, Circummarpiccolo , 25.IV.2010, leg. Montemurro (1, LDCC) ; Campania, San Biase Ceraso, Vallo Lucano , 23.VI.1921, leg. F. Solari (7, MSNM) ; Calabria, Catanzaro Marina , 29.V.1989, leg. Bellò (1, GOCV) ; Calabria, Catanzaro, Sila, Lago Ampollino on the road to San Giovanni in Fiore , 16.VI.2015, leg. Diotti (1, LDCC) ; Calabria, Crotone , 30.V.1989, leg. Bellò (1, GOCV) ; Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte, Somo , 7.XI.1997, leg. Angelini (1, LDCC) . Italy (Sardinia): Cagliari , leg. Lostia (1, MSNG) ; Cagliari, Giba , 14.X.1999, leg. Bellò (2, GOCV) ; Isola Maddalena, loc. Pozzoni , 18.VI.1989, leg. Biondi (1, GOCV) ; Sassari, Alghero , 30.XI.1996, leg. Bellò (1, GOCV) ; Sassari, Ittiri , 15.–25.V.1978, leg. Caldara (1, RCCM) ; Sassari, Porto Torres, Stagno di Pilo , 12.V.2008, leg. Diotti (1, LDCC) . Italy (Sicily): Agrigento, Bivona , 10.XII.2014, leg. Baviera & Bellò ( CBCM) ; Agrigento, Favara , 11.XII.2014, leg. Baviera & Bellò ( CBCM) ; Messina, Monti Nebrodi, Capizzi , Tassita , 1450 m, 4.VII.2016, leg. Baviera ( CBCM) ; Enna, Piazza Armerina, Parco Ronza , 700 m, 26.V.2016, leg. Baviera ( CBCM) ; Siracusa, Buscemi , 14.VI.2010, leg. Baviera & Bellò ( CBCM) ; Siracusa, Pachino, Granelli , 9.XII.2014, leg. Baviera & Bellò ( CBCM) ; Palermo, Monti Sicani, Palazzo Adriano , 800 m, 19.III.2008, leg. Baviera & Bellò ( CBCM) ; Palermo, Corleone , 18.III.2016, leg. Baviera & Bellò ( CBCM) ; Palermo, road between Campogrande and Roccamena , 09.III.2014, leg. Bellò ( CBCM) ; Palermo, Madonie, Polizzi Generosa , 27.IX.2016, leg. Baviera ( CBCM) ; Trapani, Alcamo , 19.IV.2002 (1, GOCV) . Malta: Mtaleb , 1.VII.1996, leg. Farrugia (1, DMCM) . Croatia: Istria, Pula , 10.VI.1970, leg. Sieber (1, MHNG) . Montenegro: Oblatno , 7.VII.1934, leg. Fodor (1, HNHM) ; Igalo , VIII.1906, leg. Horváth (1, GOCV) ; Sozine , 1.IX.2011, on Kicksia elatine , leg. Toševski (2, ITCZ) . Bulgaria: Arkutino , 30.VI.1983, leg. Borovec (1, RBCS) ; Chasekijata Velika near Lozenec , 2.VII.1983, leg. Borovec (1, RBCS) . Greece: Port Baklar (2, BMNH) ; Ahladohori , Serres N, 29.VI.1997, leg. Winkelmann (1, HWCB) . Cyprus: Akroteri Bay , 18.IX.1945, leg. Mavromoustakis (1, BMNH) ; Kilani, Krios River , 9.X.1937, leg. Mavromoustakis (1, BMNH) ; Pera Pedi, Krios River , 8.IX.1937, leg. Mavromoustakis (1, BMNH) . European Turkey: Tekirdað, Çorlu , 3.VI.1987, leg. Rozner (1, APCB) . Ukraine: Donetskaya oblast , 7.III.1943, leg. Rubtsov (2, ZISP) . Russia: Krasnodarskij Kraj, Sochi , 4.VII.1967, leg. Strejcek (2, NMPC) . Algeria: Bou Berak near Dellys (3, MNHN) ; Bou Berak, Kabylie , leg. Puel (8, MNHN) ; Teboursouk , V.1895 (1, MNHN) . Tunisia: Aïn Draham , 2.X.1991, leg. Osella (1, GOCV) ; Zoghouan Mountains, Mount Dhaker , 8.X.1991, leg. Osella (1, GOCV) .

Figures

FIGURES 1‒9. Habitus of (1) Rhinusa linariae, male; (2) R. brisouti, male; (3) R. kumatschevi, male; (4) R. herbarum, male; (5) R. vulpeculus, holotype male; (6) R. mateui, female; (7) R. melas, male; (8) R. korotyaevi, paratype male; (9) R. mauritii, male. Not to the same scale

FIGURES 10‒22. Rostrum of (10) Rhinusa linariae, male; (11) R. linariae, female; (12) R. herbarum, male; (13) R. herbarum, female; (14) R. mateui, male; (15) R. mateui, female; (16) R. melas, male; (17) R. melas, female; (18) R. korotyaevi, male; (19) R. korotyaevi, female; (20) R. mauritii, male; (21) R. mauritii, female; (22) R. antirrhini, male.

FIGURES 23‒32. Profemur and protibia of (23) Rhinusa bipustulata, male; (24) R. linariae, male; (25) R. tetra, male; (26) R. tetra, female. Penis in dorsal view of (27) R. linariae; (28) R. herbarum; (29) R. mateui; (30) R. melas; (31) R. korotyaevi; (32) R. mauritii.

FIGURES 33‒44. Spiculum ventrale of (33) Rhinusa linariae; (34) R. herbarum; (35) R. mateui; (36) R. melas; (37) R. korotyaevi; (38) R. mauritii. Spermatheca of (39) R. linariae; (40) R. herbarum; (41) R. mateui; (42) R. melas; (43) R. korotyaevi; (44) R. mauritii.