Pseudothelphusidae

Magalhães, Célio, Wehrtmann, Ingo S., Lara, Luis Rólier & Mantelatto, Fernando L., 2015, Taxonomy of the freshwater crabs of Costa Rica, with a revision of the genus Ptychophallus Smalley, 1964 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae), Zootaxa 3905 (3), pp. 301-344 : 337-338

Key to species of Pseudothelphusidae from Costa Rica

including the species of Ptychophallus from Panama (based on characters taken from fully grown adult males)

1. Subdistal portion of mesio-cephalic and lateral surfaces of G1 with distinct patch of minute spines or short to large setae (tribe Potamocarcinini).................................................................................... 2

- Subdistal portion of mesio-cephalic and lateral surfaces of G1 smooth, lacking spines or setae (tribe Hypolobocerini)...... 6

2. G1 with well-developed marginal process, rounded ( Figs. 71, 75 ) or subtriangular ( Fig. 73 ); cephalic process present ( Figs. 72- 74 ) ( Potamocarcinus )................................................................................. 3

- G1 with rudimentary marginal process ( Figs. 64, 69 ); cephalic process absent ( Allacanthos )......................... 5

3. Antero-lateral teeth of carapace large, sharp. Marginal process of G1 subtriangular, projected distally beyond mesial lobe ( Fig. 73 )......................................................................... Potamocarcinus nicaraguensis

- Antero-lateral teeth of carapace small or minute, blunt. Marginal process of G1 rounded, as long as or shorter than mesial lobe................................................................................................... 4

4. G1 with marginal process slightly shorter than or as long as mesial lobe; cephalic process as one broad, bifid tooth ( Fig. 71 ).................................................................................. Potamocarcinus magnus

-. G1 with marginal process distinctly shorter than mesial lobe; cephalic process as two well separated, sharp teeth ( Fig. 75 ).................................................................................. Potamocarcinus richmondi

5. G1 with marginal suture straight along all stem; subdistal portion of mesio-cephalic and lateral surfaces with a wide subdistal field of minute spines; lateral lobe of apex with rounded tip ( Fig. 64 )............................. Allacanthos pittieri

-. G1 with marginal suture curved to cephalic side on distal part of stem; subdistal portion of lateral and cephalic sides with a very weakly developed field of scattered minute spines; lateral lobe of apex with sharp tip ( Fig. 69 )....... Allacanthos yawi

6. G1 slender; apex elongated and slim, not bent cephalically; lateral surface simple; distal portion of caudal surface smooth ( Achlidon ).......................................................................................... 7

-. G1 stout; apex oblong, bent cephalically; lateral surface with lateral process large and usually bilobed (except P. goldmanni ); distal portion of caudal surface with low longitudinal ridge ( Ptychophallus )...................................... 8

7. G1 slightly curved towards cephalic side on caudo-mesial view; marginal process rounded, not produced beyond the mesial crest of apex; mesial process weakly developed, rounded ( Fig. 1 )................................. Achlidon agrestis

-. G1 slightly curved towards latero-cephalic side on caudo-mesial view; marginal process triangular, produced beyond the mesial crest of apex; mesial process strongly developed, reniform ( Fig. 6 )........................ Achlidon puntarenas

8. Lateral surface of G1 with lateral process variously bilobed................................................... 9

-. Lateral surface of G1 with lateral process very poorly developed, reduced to small lobe distally ( Fig. 17 ); Panama......................................................................................... Ptychophallus goldmanni

9. G1 with lateral process very well developed, broadly subtriangular, undivided, its border broady convex.............. 10

-. G1 with lateral process more or less developed, weakly or strongly bilobed, its border with a shallow or deep concavity.. 11

10. G1 with apex strongly bent (> 90°) in cephalic direction, usually touching cephalic surface of stem ( Figs. 31, 32 ); central Panama............................................................................ Ptychophallus lavallensis

-. G1 with apex moderately bent (90° or little less) in cephalic direction, not touching cephalic surface of stem ( Figs. 22, 23 ); central-south Costa Rica............................................................... Ptychophallus exilipes

11. G1 with lateral process long, at least 60% of stem length (from proximal opening to caudal border of apex), usually slightly shorter than or as wide as lateral end of apex, with a shallow median incision.................................... 12

-. G1 with lateral process of moderate length, usually 60% or less of stem length (from proximal opening to caudal border of apex), usually as wide as or wider than lateral end of apex, usually with a deep median incision....................... 13

12. G1 with mesial process usually broadly rounded to subretangular, transversally projected (not downturned); lateral process weekly bilobed with shallow median incision, proximal lobe rather broader and wider than distal one ( Fig. 44 ); Costa Rica................................................................................. Ptychophallus paraxantusi

-. G1 with mesial process subtriangular, narrow, slightly directed downwards; lateral process very weekly bilobed with rudimentary median incision or nearly straight ( Fig. 10 ); Costa Rica and Panama................... Ptychophallus colombianus

13. G1 with mesial process subtriangular, narrow, usually directed downward...................................... 14

-. G1 with mesial process subquadrangular, large, hatchet-shaped ( Fig. 39 ); Costa Rica (questionably from Panama)............................................................................................ Ptychophallus tristani

14. G1 with mesial process with one or two short spines on laterocephalic side..................................... 15

- G1 with mesial process smooth on laterocephalic side...................................................... 16

15. G1 with mesial process bearing one short spine on laterocephalic side ( Fig. 34 ); Panama....... Ptychophallus micracanthus

- G1 with mesial process bearing two short spines on laterocephalic side, proximal one a little sharper than distal one ( Fig. 15 ); Costa Rica..................................................................... Ptychophallus costaricensis

16. G1 with lateral process well developed, both proximal and apical lobes wide, separated by a rather shallow median incision................................................................................................... 17

-. G1 with lateral process moderately developed, proximal lobe finger-like and distinctly narrower than apical lobe, separated by deep, wide and rounded median incision ( Fig. 9 ); Panama................................. Ptychophallus cocleensis

17. G1 with distal lobe of lateral process or as long as or narrower than lateral end of apex in caudo-mesial view............ 18

- G1 with distal lobe of lateral process distinctly wider than lateral end of apex in caudo-mesial view.................. 19

18. G1 with apex strongly bent (approximately 90°) in cephalic direction; lateral process usually as wide as lateral end of apex; distocaudal ridge well developed ( Fig. 35 ); Costa Rica and Panama.......................... Ptychophallus montanus

-. G1 with moderately bent (less than 90°) in cephalic direction; lateral process distinctly shorter than lateral end of apex; distocaudal ridge weakly developed ( Fig. 21 ); Panama............................................ Ptychophallus kuna

19. G1 with distal lobe much swollen distally on the cephalic surface, its border smooth ( Figs. 54, 55 ); Costa Rica and Panama.................................................................................. Ptychophallus tumimanus

-. G1 with distal lobe strongly swollen distally on the cephalic surface, its border bearing crest-like flange directed distally ( Figs. 61, 62 ); Costa Rica and Panama....................................................... Ptychophallus uncinatus

Figures

FIGURES 71 – 76. Potamocarcinus magnus (Rathbun, 1896): 71, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 19049, caudal-mesial view; 72, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part. Potamocarcinus nicaraguensis Rathbun, 1893: 73, left first gonopod, INPA 1869, caudal-mesial view; 74, same data, lateral view of distal part. Potamocarcinus richmondi (Rathbun, 1893): 75, left first gonopod, TMNH Acc. Nr. 94 - 100, caudal-mesial view; 76, same data, lateral view of distal part (ce, cephalic process; cp, caudal process; cst, caudal setae; fas, field of apical spines; ls, lateral suture; me, mesial process; mp, marginal process; ms, marginal suture). Scale bars: 71, 75 = 1 mm; 72 – 74, 76 = 2 mm.

FIGURES 61 – 70. Ptychophallus uncinatus Campos & Lemaitre, 1999: 61, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 276164, caudo-mesial view; 62, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 63, left first gonopod, holotype of Ptychophallus barbillaensis Rodríguez & Hedström, 2000, UCR-MZ 2351 - 01, caudo-mesial view. Allacanthos pittieri (Rathbun, 1898): 64, right first gonopod, holotype, USNM 21243, caudo-mesial view; 65, left first gonopod, NHMW 4016, caudo-mesial view; 66, same data, lateral view; 67, same data, cephalic view of distal part; 68, same data, apical-cephalic view of distal part. Allacanthos yawi Magalhães, Lara & Wehrtmann, 2010: 69, left first gonopod, holotype, UCR-MZ 2774 - 01, caudo-mesial view; 70, same data, latero-cephalic view (cl, cephalic lobe; fas, field of apical spines; lb, lateral lobe; mp, marginal process; ss, subdistal field of spines; tl, trianguliform lobe). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 9. Achlidon agrestis (Rathbun, 1898): 1, left first gonopod (partially damaged), holotype, USNM 19487, mesial view; 2, same data, lateral view of distal part; 3, left first gonopod, NHMW 21827, cephalic view of distal part; 4, same data, apical view of apex; 5, same data, latero-cephalic view. Achlidon puntarenas (Hobbs, 1991): 6, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 250555, caudo-mesial view; 7, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part. Ptychophallus cocleensis Pretzmann, 1965: 8, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 119869, lateral view of distal part; 9, same data, mesial view (dr, disto-caudal ridge; fs, field of apical spines; lp, lateral process; me, mesial process; mp, marginal process; ms, marginal suture). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 21. Ptychophallus colombianus (Rathbun 1896): 10, left first gonopod, INPA 1845, caudo-mesial view; 11, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 12, outline of left first gonopod, INPA 1654, caudo-mesial view; 13, same data, INPA 1659; 14, same data, NHMW 4001. Ptychophallus costaricensis Villalobos, 1974: 15, right first gonopod, paratype, UCR-MZ 719, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 16, same data, caudo-mesial view. Ptychophallus goldmanni Pretzmann, 1965: 17, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 54044, caudo-mesial view; 18, same data, cephalic-apical view of distal part; 19, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part. Ptychophallus kuna Campos & Lemaitre, 1999: 20, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 184340, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 21, same data, caudo-mesial view (dr, disto-caudal ridge; lp, lateral process; me, mesial process; mp, marginal process). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 22 – 32. Ptychophallus exilipes (Rathbun, 1898): 22, left first gonopod, USNM 39089, caudo-mesial view; 23, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 24 – 26, outline of right first gonopod from three males of UCR-MZ 741, caudo-mesial view; 27, outline of right first gonopod, USNM 39096, caudo-mesial view; 28, same data, INPA 1857, caudo-mesial view; 29, outline of left first gonopod, SMF 36265, caudo-mesial view; 30, same data, SMF 36264, caudo-mesial view. Ptychophallus lavallensis Pretzmann, 1978: 31, left first gonopod, holotype, NHMW 4002, caudo-mesial view; 32, latero-cephalic view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 44 – 60. Ptychophallus paraxanthusi (Bott, 1968): 44, left first gonopod, holotype, MNHN B- 5328, caudo-mesial view; 45, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 46, right first gonopod, holotype of Ptychophallus osaensis Rodríguez, 2001, TMNH 6271, caudo-mesial view; 47 – 48, outline of right first gonopod, two males from INPA 1853, caudo-mesial view; 49, same data, INPA 1657; 50, same data, INPA 1855; 51 – 52, outline of left first gonopod, two males from INPA 1854, caudomesial view; 53, same data, INPA 1855. Ptychophallus tumimanus (Rathbun, 1898): 54, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 19484, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 55, same data, caudo-mesial view; 56, same data, holotype of Ptychophallus (Ptychophallus) tumimanus ingae Pretzmann, 1978, NHMW 4009, caudo-mesial view; 57, outline of left first gonopod, INPA 1832, caudo-mesial view; 58, same data, USNM 230099; 59 – 60, same data, two males from INPA 1835. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 33 – 43. Ptychophallus micracanthus Rodríguez, 1994: 33, left first gonopod, holotype, USNM 240106, caudomesial view; 34, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part. Ptychophallus montanus (Rathbun, 1898): 35, left first gonopod, lectotype, USNM 19486, caudo-mesial view; 36, same data, latero-cephalic view; 37, outline of left first gonopod, INPA 1843, caudo-mesial view; 38, same data, INPA 1847, caudo-mesial view. Ptychophallus tristani (Rathbun, 1896): 39, left first gonopod (partially damaged on proximal part), holotype, USNM 19047, caudo-mesial view; 40, same data, latero-cephalic view of distal part; 41, left first gonopod, holotype of Ptychophallus (Ptychophallus) campylus Pretzmann, 1968, NHMW 21849, caudo-mesial view; 42, outline of right gonopod, INPA 1836, caudo-mesial view; 43, outline of left first gonopod, INPA 1851, caudo-mesial view. Scale bars = 1 mm.