Candidus hyale, LINNAEUS OF STOLL, 1781

Chainey, John E., 2005, The species of Papilionidae and Pieridae (Lepidoptera) described by Cramer and Stoll and their putative type material in the Natural History Museum in London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (3), pp. 283-337 : 324-325

HYALE LINNAEUS OF STOLL, 1781

Pap[ilio] Dan[aus] Cand[idus] hyale, Stoll, 1781: 119 , 249, pl.351, figs E, F, G, H [original plate 316, figs C, C, D, D]. Cape of Good Hope [= South Africa.] [Misidentification.]

Papilio Danaus Candidus hyale, Stoll, 1782b: 5 [No. 26].

Material examined. 2 ♂, 2 ♀, each with Felder label ‘Coll. Lenep’; one male with trimmed van Lennep label ‘ HYALE . Cr. IV. 351. E. F. G. H.’ ( BMNH (E)#665076) and handwritten ‘ Type Cramer’ is a fairly good match for original plate 316, figs C, C. The males have damaged thoraces and may have been re-pinned. Both females are much less heavily marked on the underside than shown in original plate 316, figs D, D; they do not appear to have been re-pinned and the pins are thinner than in most of the material discussed here .

Identity. Colias e. electo (Linnaeus, 1763).

HYPARETE LINNAEUS OF CRAMER, 1779 , AND STOLL, 1781

( FIG. 42 )

Pap[ilio] Dan[aus] Cand[idus] hyparete, Cramer, 1779: 30 , 175, figs. pl. 210, figs A, B [original plate 179, figs A, A]. ‘Isle d’Amboine’ [= Indonesia, Ambon] (Cornelis van Lennep). [Misidentification.]

Pap[ilio] Dan[aus] Cand[idus] hyparete, Stoll, 1781: 95 , 249, pl.339, figs E, F [original plate 311, figs C, C]. ‘Isle d’Amboine’ [= Indonesia, Ambon] (Baron Rengers). [Misidentification.]

Papilio Danaus Candidus hyparete, Stoll, 1782b: 5 [No. 32].

Material examined. 1 ♂, with van Lennep label ‘ No. 32 HYPARETE Cr. III. 210. A. B. & IV. 339. C. D. [sic]’ ( BMNH (E)#665082) is a good match with original plate 179, figs A, A; it looks likely to have been repinned .

Remarks. Vane-Wright (1975) designated the specimens illustrated by Cramer and Stoll as paralectotypes of D. philyra (Godart, 1819) [= Delias ceneus (Linnaeus) ], but stated that the above specimen ‘is evidently not the one figured by Cramer on plate 210’, without explanation. I see no reason not to accept this specimen as that figured by Cramer, and consider it to be a paralectotype of Papilio philyra Godart, 1819 .

Identity. Delias ceneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Vane- Wright, 1975).

ISSE CRAMER, 1775

( FIG. 35 )

Pap[ilio] Dan[aus] Cand[idus] isse Cramer, 1775: 87 , 153, pl.55, figs E, F [original plate 50, figs C, C]. ‘Indes Orientales’ [probably Ambon] (loaned from Mr. B.Vriends).

Pap[ilio] Dan[aus] Cand[idus] isse, Stoll, 1781 , 95 pl.339, figs C, D (♀) [original plate 311, figs A, A]. ‘ Isle d’Amboine’ [= Indonesia, Ambon] (Baron Rengers).

Papilio Danaus Candidus isse, Stoll, 1782b: 5 [No. 31].

Material examined. 1 ♂, with van Lennep label ‘No.31. ISSE Cr. I. 55. E. F. & IV. 339. C. D.’ ( BMNH (E)#665081); it has been re-pinned and there are some repairs to the wings. This specimen is reasonably similar to original plate 50, figs C, C, but has white spots in the black margin to the hindwing; the differences were enough to convince Vane-Wright (1975) that it was not the specimen illustrated by Cramer. He designated the illustrated specimen as the lectotype, and noted that two males ex Felder collection, no other data, were a better fit for Cramer’s figure. However, these specimens ( BMNH (E)#665113–4) do exhibit small white spots in the black margin to the hindwing (as indeed do all the specimens I have seen of this species from Ambon). One ( BMNH (E)#665114) has been re-pinned; but the other shows no evidence of this. Because Cornelis van Lennep bought Vriends’ collection, I think that there are grounds for treating all these as paralectotypes. I suspect that the differences between the specimens and the figure are the result of an error by the artist and that one of the above specimens is actually the one figured .

Current status. Valid species in Delias ( Yagishita et al., 1993) .

JUGURTHA CRAMER, 1777

( FIG. 36 )

Pap[ilio] Dan[aus] Cand[idus] jugurtha Cramer, 1777: 138 , 149, pl.187, figs E, F [original plate 158, figs C, C]. ‘Côte de Coromandel’ [= south-eastern India] (Cornelis van Lennep).

Papilio Danaus Candidus jugurtha, Stoll, 1782b: 5 [No. 23].

Material examined. Syntype ♀, van Lennep label ‘ No. 23 JUGURTHA Cr. II. 187. E. F.’ ( BMNH (E)#665073) is a good match for original plate 158, figs C, C but has the dark markings less extensive; thorax re-pinned .

Current status. Junior subjective synonym of Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775) ( Yata, 1981) .

Figures

Figures 39–42. Fig. 39. Papilio lycimnia Cramer (syntype). Fig. 40. Papilio paulina Cramer (syntype). Fig. 41. Papilio phiale Cramer (syntype). Fig. 42 Papilio philyra Godart (paralectotype).

Figures 33–38. Fig. 33. Papilio glaucippe Linnaeus (specimen with ‘van Lennep’ label). Fig. 34. Papilio gliciria Cramer (syntype). Fig. 35. Papilio isse Cramer (paralectotype). Fig. 36. Papilio jugurtha Cramer (syntype). Fig. 37. Papilio leucippe Cramer (syntype). Fig. 38. Papilio mesentina Cramer (possible syntype).