Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin, Paresque, Karla, Martín, Guillermo San, Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos & Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, 2016

Paresque, Karla, Martín, Guillermo San, Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos & Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, 2016, Two new species and new records of the genus Paraopisthosyllis Hartmann-Schröder, 1991 (Annelida: Syllidae) from northeastern Brazil and Philippine Islands, Zootaxa 4178 (1), pp. 116-130 : 118-124

Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov.

Figures 2–3 ; Table 1

Material examined. PHILIPPINES: Luzón Island, “ Sepok point”, between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay (13°41'2''N, 120°53'44.9''E), coral rubble, 2–3 m depth, coll. 10 December 2010, Holotype ( MCZ 25294) .

Additional material examined. Paraopisthosyllis alternocirra San Martín & Hutchings, 2006 : AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), mixed coralline algae, 4 m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, 10 January 1984, Holotype (AM W26734) ; Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), round-leaved seagrass in shallow sand on rocky shore, 3.5 m depth, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, 10 January 1984, 3 Paratypes (AM W28366) ; rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), dictyotalean alga from cave, 4 m depth, col. J.K. Lowry, 10 January 1984, 4 specs (AM W26784) ; rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), brown algae from surf zone, 0.5 m depth, coll. H.E. Stoddart, 9 January 1984, 1 spec. (AM W26783) ; Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), mixed coralline algae, 4 m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, 10 January 1984, 7 specs + 1 on SEM stub (AM W28984) ; inshore limestone reef, Ned's Camp, Cape Range National Park (21°59'S 113°55'E), sponge covered with epiphytes, sediment & muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m depth, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, 2 January 1984, 1 spec. (AM W28368). Paraopisthosyllis brevicirra ( Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) : AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Port Hedland, close to Highway Motel (19°38'S 119°31'E), filamentous algae with sand & debris, intertidal, 27 September 1975, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, Holotype ( HZM P-15499). Paraopisthosyllis fusigera ( Augener, 1913) : AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Sharks Bay, Surf Point, Outer Bar (25°16'S 113° 28'E), 1–3.5 m, coll. 16 June 1905, Syntype ( HZM V-7951). Paraopisthosyllis kalimna (San Martín & Huchings, 2006) : AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: Exmouth Gulf, Bundegi Reef , north end of beach (21°49'S 114°11'E), rocky rubble, sediment & brown algae with epiphytes, 2 m depth, coll. H.E. Stoddart, 4 January 1984, 1 spec. (AM W28948, holotype); Exmouth Gulf, Bundegi Reef, north end of beach (21°49'S 114°11'E), rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 2 m depth, coll. H.E. Stoddart, 4 January 1984, 2 Paratypes (AM W26779) . Paraopisthosyllis ornaticirra San Martín & Hutchings, 2006 : AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: Inshore limestone reef, Ned's Camp, Cape Range National Park (21°59'S 113°55'E), Caulerpa sp., 1 m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, 2 January 1984, Holotype (AM W28949) . Paraopisthosyllis phyllocirra Hartmann-Schröder, 1991 : AUSTRALIA, Queensland: Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef (23°27'S 151°55'E), coralline sand, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, Holotype ( HZM P-20533). Paraopisthosyllis victoriae ( San Martín, López & Aguado, 2009) : BARBADOS, West coast, Six Men’s Bay, Montatrea annularis, 10 m depth, coll. María M. V. Díaz, May 1990, Holotype ( MNCNM 16.01 /6062).

Description. Incomplete specimen. Body anteriorly broad, slender from midbody ( Fig. 2 A–B), 5.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 43 chaetigers; posterior segments used for molecular analysis. Dark, pigmented area dorsally on each segment, irregularly distributed on anterior segments, with conspicuous pattern after proventricle, as one anterior pigmented short band and two lateral areas ( Fig. 2 B); lateral pigmented areas disappearing on posterior segments; dark areas on cirrophores of large dorsal cirri ( Fig. 2 A, C). Small, scattered papillae on lateral and ventral surfaces, more numerous on dorsum ( Fig. 2 A–C); some papillae longer, others with capitate tip ( Fig. 2 A– E). Prostomium oval, four small eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern, almost in straight line; antennae missing ( Fig. 2 A). Palps broad, longer than prostomium, folded ventrally ( Fig. 2 A). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; peristomial cirri elongated ( Fig. 2 A). Dorsal cirri of two sizes, larger ones distally inflated, club-shaped, provided with dark inclusions, inserted latero-dorsally ( Fig. 2 A, C), others distinctly smaller, located laterally ( Fig. 2 A); most larger dorsal cirri missing, probably those of chaetigers 1–4 inflated, subsequent dorsal cirri alternating inflated and not inflated, without dark inclusions; from midbody, difference in sizes not so marked ( Fig. 2 B). Dorsal cirri with distinct cirrophores. Compound chaetae with light spinulation on shafts of dorsal-most and intermediate chaetae on anterior and midbody chaetigers, remaining shafts smooth; blades short, distinctly bidentate, slightly spinulated on anterior body and on dorsal-most chaetae from midbody, remaining falcigers with smooth blades ( Fig. 3 A, C, E). Each anterior parapodium with two dorsalmost compound chaetae with slender shafts and blades, blades 20 µm long, remaining six chaetae per fascicle with wider shafts and blades ( Fig. 3 A), blades 19–15 µm long; midbody and posterior parapodia with eight compound chaetae each, blades and shafts slightly progressively larger and wider posteriorwards, blades 15 µm long dorsally, 9 µm long ventrally ( Fig. 3 C, E). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior chaetigers, slender, unidentate, slightly spinulated, with thin spines distally ( Fig. 3 D). Ventral simple chaetae not seen. Anterior parapodia with three distally irregularly rounded to truncate aciculae each ( Fig. 3 B), single acicula on each posterior parapodium, as anterior ones. Pharynx wide, through 3–4 segments; pharyngeal tooth not seen. Proventricle, longer than pharynx, extending through 3–4 segments, with 35 muscle cell rows ( Fig. 2 A).

Length (µm) (anterior/mid-/and ~ 16/17 – 22/10 – 15? 28 – 60/?/ 20 – 36 10 – 11 /6 – 9/ 6 – 11 15 – 20 /9 – 15/9 – 15

posterior body)

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Secondary annulation on segments Absent Present Absent Present Absent Fusion of segments Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Remarks. Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov. resembles P. brevicirra and P. alternocirra (see Table 1 and San Martín & Hutchings 2006), in alternating short and long dorsal cirri on anterior body, distinct dark inclusions in the median antenna and in the large dorsal cirri, and a similar color pattern. However, it differs from P. alternocirra , in having distinctly bidentate compound chaetae. Paraopisthosyllis phyllocirra also has bidentate compound chaetae, but the blades have longer spines on margin, and the inflated dorsal cirri end by an acute tip ( Hartmann-Schröder 1991; San Martín & Hutchings 2006; Aguado et al. 2015b). In addition, the presence of papillae of at least two different sizes, the longest ones distally capitate, is a unique characteristic within the genus.

Habitat. Coral rubble.

Distribution. Philippine Islands (Luzón Island).

Etymology. The specific name comes from the Tagalog (Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines), meaning “ verrucose ”.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov. (A) holotype, anterior body, dorsolateral view; (B) midbody segments, dorsal view; (C) dorsal cirrus; (D) large papilla from dorsal surface; (E) small papilla from dorsal surface. Scale bars: A, B = 0.18 mm; C = 48 µm; D, E = 20 µm.

FIGURE 3. Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov. (A) falcigers, anterior parapodia; (B) aciculae, anterior parapodia; (C) falcigers, midbody parapodia; (D) dorsal simple chaeta, posterior parapodia; (E) falcigers, posterior parapodia. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Tables

TABLE 1. Morphological comparison between the known species of Paraopisthosyllis.

P. alternocirra	P. brevicirra	P. fusigera n. comb.	P. kalimna n. comb. P. kuluguhin sp. nov.
Length/Width (mm) 6.7/0.5 Number of chaetigers 59 Secondary annulation on segments Absent	4.5/0.5 28 Absent	4/0.5 38 (incomplete) Absent	6.4/0.3 5.5/0.5 39 43 Absent Absent
Fusion of segments Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent Absent