Sarcinodes hainana, Yu & Wang, 2020

Yu, Tiantian & Wang, Min, 2020, A new species of the genus Sarcinodes (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China, Zootaxa 4779 (4), pp. 553-562 : 554-555

Sarcinodes hainana sp. nov.

( Figs 1, 2 , 11 )

Type material. Holotype: ♂, China, Hainan, Ledong Li autonomous county, Jianfengling national nature reserve, 18°44’ N 108°44’ E 868 m, 04. IX. 2016, leg. Zhenfu Huang ( SCAU) (Genbank accession number: MN 689002 ) . Paratypes: 1♂, China, Hainan, Ledong Li autonomous county, Jianfengling national nature reserve, 18°44’ N 108°44’ E, 868 m, 14. IX. 2016, leg. Zhenfu Huang ( SCAU) (Genbank accession number: MN 689004 ) ; 1♂, same collecting locality, 18°44’ N 108°44’ E, 868 m, 28. III. 2007, leg. Min Wang ( SCAU) ; 1♂, same collecting locality, 18°44’ N 108°44’ E, 868 m, 23. V. 2004, leg. Min Wang ( SCAU) ; 1♂, China, Hainan, Baisha Li autonomous county, Hongkan management station of Yinggeling national nature reserve, 19°04’ N 109°30’ E, 566 m, 07. VII. 2018 ( SCAU) ; 1♂, same collecting locality, 19°04’ N 109°30’ E, 566 m, 25. IX. 2018, leg. Tianpeng Chen ( SCAU) (Genbank accession number: MN 689003 ) ; 1♂, China, Hainan, Ledong Li autonomous county, Jianfengling national nature reserve, Tianchi , 828 m, 1–5. V. 2007, leg. Fuqiang Chen ( IZCAS) ; 1♂, same collecting locality, 4. VIII. 1983, leg. Shigui Jiang ( IZCAS) ; 1♂, China, Hainan, Lingshui county, Diaoluoshan mountain , 920 m, 2–3. V. 2007, leg. Songyun Lang ( IZCAS) ; 1♂, China, Hainan, Wuzhishan , 727 m, 6. XII. 2007, leg. Jing Li ( IZCAS) ; 1♂, China, Hainan, Wu- zhishan, shuiman, 730–900 m, 10. V. 2007, leg. Hongxiang Han ( IZCAS) ; 1♂, China, Hainan, Qiongzhong county, Limushan mountain , 620 m, 4. V. 2007, leg. Songyun Lang ( IZCAS) ; 2♂, China, Hainan, Yinggeling , 950–1100 m, 27. VIII–12. IX. 2005, leg. Chunxiang Liu ( IZCAS) .

Description. Holotype ( Figs 1, 2 ). Alar expanse 56 mm; forewing length 29 mm; body length 24 mm.

Head: antennae pale brown, covered with white scales ventral-basally, unipectinate at basal half with pale brownish cilia, filiform at terminal half; labial palpus densely covered with pale brown scales ventrally, dark brown dorsally; frons dark brown; vertex yellowish brown, mixed with white scales medially.

Thorax: patagia mixed with pale yellowish white hairs both posteriorly and laterally; tegulae yellowish brown; metathorax covered with a few pale brownish yellow scales distally. Forewing yellowish brown, scattered with many dark grey speckles and tiny stripes, outer area less yellowish, with pale greyish sheen; costal margin dark grey; apex acute and slightly falcate; postmedial line white with dark grey edges, slightly waved, obliquely leading into forewing apex, and with a large dark grey shade medial-distally; subterminal line with a row of conspicuously white vein-dots; outer margin brown. Hindwing yellowish brown, scattered with small, dark grey spots, inner area more whitish; medial fascia broad, distinctly dentate, edges dark grey, a dark grey stripe anterior to the inner edge, an irregular white strip distal to the outer edge and with a large blackish shade medio-distally; subterminal flecks white, with a relatively small, dark grey shade between veins M 1 and CuA 2; submarginal line covered with silver scales; outer margin brown.

Abdomen: yellowish brown, scattered with a few black scales dorsally.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 11 ): uncus relatively short, broad, triangular, apical portion strongly sclerotized with point- ed apex; tegumen narrow; gnathos strongly sclerotized, tongue-shaped; valva broad, slightly asymmetrical, medial area of valva with two sclerotized lobes, extending inwardly, upper process wedgy and pointed, and lower process broad and dentate; costal margin of valva sclerotized with a hook-like process; distal margin of sacculus slightly curved, well sclerotized and setose; vinculum slightly looped on each side. Aedeagus robust, tubular with a strongly sclerotized hook subapically; vesica tubular with strongly sclerotized cornuti apical-laterally.

Diagnosis. Superficially, the new species is similar to S. fortis Yazaki, 1988 , from which it can be separated by the smaller size (alar expanse 51–56 mm (n = 6) in S. hainana sp. nov., alar expanse 55–64 mm (n = 4) in S. fortis ), the ground color of the body and wings (yellowish brown in S. hainana sp. nov., pale chestnut brown to brownish orange in S. fortis ), the postmedial line of the forewing (white with dark brown to dark grey edges in S. hainana sp. nov., grey with black edges in S. fortis ), and the medial fascia of the hindwing (distinctly dentate, distal edge with a large black shade medially, subterminal line with a indistinctly dark grey shade between M 1 and CuA 2 in S. hainana sp. nov., slightly waved, outer edge without a black shade distally, subterminal line with a distinctly black shade between M 1 and CuA 2 in S. fortis ). In addition, these two species have some conspicuous differences in the male genitalia characters (In S. hainana sp. nov. uncus is relatively broad and short, with blunt apex, while it is slender, with pointed apex in S. fortis ; gnathos is broad and tongue-shaped, with many small dentate processes on the ventral side, and with blunt apex in S. hainana sp. nov., whereas it is narrow and hook-like, with pointed apex in S. fortis ; in S. hainana sp. nov. costal margins of the valvae have symmetrical hook-like processes distally, while in S. fortis costal margin of the left valva has a knife-like process and costal margin of the right valva has a finger-like process; valva with two distinct lobes medially in S. hainana sp. nov., but with only one dentate lobe in S. fortis ; in S. hainana sp. nov. the hook-like process of phallus is relatively longer and bigger than that of S. fortis , and in S. hainana sp. nov. cornuti are longer than those of S. fortis ). The new species also resembles S. flavicans Yazaki, 1988 but can be distinguished based on the ground color of the wings and body (only yellow brown in S. hainana sp. nov., dark pink or ochreous in S. flavicans ), the forewing (less dots and stripes, costa with a white patch before apex in S. flavicans ), the medial fascia of the hindwing (strongly dentate in S. hainana sp. nov., while slightly dentate in S. flavicans ), and the male genitalia characters (uncus with blunt apex in S. hainana sp. nov., while it is very pointed in S. flavicans ; in S. hainana sp. nov. gnathos tongue-shaped, while it is dentate in S. flavicans ; each costal margin of valva distally with a finger-shaped process in S. hainana sp. nov., while with only a small dentate process in S. flavicans ; valva with two lobes medially in S. hainana sp. nov. but much smaller and indistinct in S. flavicans ). Besides that, S. flavicans is exclusively recorded in the Philippines, whereas S. hainana sp. nov. only occurs in Hainan Island.

The female is unknown.

Individual variability. Male adults slightly vary in individual size: alar expanse 51–56 mm (n = 6); forewing length 27–29 mm (n = 6); body length 22–26 mm (n = 6).

Distribution. Hainan, China.

Etymology. This new species is named after its locality.

Molecular analysis. The new barcode sequences (658 bp fragment of COI) were deposited in GenBank (accession number: MN689002 , MN689003 , MN689004 ). The genetic divergence based on the Kimura-2-parameter distance between S. hainana sp. nov. and S. fortis was 4.1%, whereas the distance between S. hainana sp. nov. and S. flavicans was 3.95%.

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Male adults of Sarcinodes Guenée, [1858] species in China. 1–2. S. hainana sp. nov., 1. Holotype, ♂, Hainan, alar expanse 56 mm; 2. Paratype, ♂, Hainan, alar expanse 51 mm; 3. S. fortis Yazaki, 1988, ♂, Guangdong, alar expanse 61 mm; 4. S. yaeyamana Inoue, 1976, ♂, Guangdong, alar expanse 52 mm; 5. S. restitutaria (Walker, [1863]), ♂, Guangdong, alar expanse 57 mm; 6. S. mongaku Marumo, 1920, ♂, Guangdong, alar expanse 44 mm.

FIGURES 11–13. Male genitalia of Chinese Sarcinodes. Scale bar = 1 mm. 11. S. hainana sp. nov.; 12. S. fortis Yazaki, 1988; 13. S. yaeyamana Inoue, 1976.