Synergus campanula Osten-Sacken, 1865

Lobato-Vila, Irene, Equihua-Martínez, Armando, Estrada-Venegas, Edith G., Cibrián-Tovar, David, Barrera-Ruíz, Uriel M. & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2020, Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World, Zootaxa 4822 (1), pp. 1-38 : 11-13

Synergus campanula Osten-Sacken, 1865

( Figure 4 a–b)

Synergus campanula Osten-Sacken, 1865 . Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 4: 376. Type material: MCZ.

Type material (examined). LECTOTYPE ♀ with the following labels: ‘ Synergus campanula O.S. ’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘ Osten Sacken Coll. ’ (white label) / ‘ Type 13968’ (red label) / ‘ Gall of C. q. globulus ’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘ MCZ Image Database’ (white label) / ‘ MCZ-ENT 00013968 ’ (white label, QR code) / ‘ Lectotype ♀ Synergus campanula Osten-Sacken, 1865 , IL-V desig-2019’ (red label). PARALECTOTYPES (2♀) mounted in the same card as the lectotype.

Diagnosis. Synergus campanula is morphologically close to Synergus succinipedis ( Ashmead, 1885) (see below), but differs from this species by having POL about 1.8 times as long as OOL (POL about as long as OOL in S. succinipedis ); F1 and F2 subequal (F1 1.5 times as long as F 2 in S. succinipedis ); and lateral pronotum completely coriaceous (strongly imbricated to weakly carinated, especially basally, in S. succinipedis ) (see the descriptions of both species and the identification key).

Redescription. FEMALE. Length. Body length 2.1–2.6 mm (n = 3).

Color ( Fig. 4 a–b). Brownish black to black. Frons, vertex and occiput dark brown to black; genae dark yellow to brownish yellow; lower face somewhat tinged with brown, sometimes just with a longitudinal brown stripe medially. Antennae yellow to testaceous. Mesosoma dark brown to black, mesopleurae somewhat lighter; tegulae yellow. Metasoma reddish brown to chestnut, dorsally black. Legs light yellow. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.

Head. In frontal view, 1.2 times as wide as high, genae not expanded behind compound eyes. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between torulus and compound eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli as long as diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous, with scattered small piliferous punctures; frontal carinae short and narrow, not reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view is about 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous, with scattered small piliferous punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 7: 4: 4 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3. Occiput coriaceous, without punctures.

Antennae. 14-segmented; filiform, just slightly broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about 1.2 times as long as F1; pedicel almost 2.0 times as long as wide; F1 and F2 subequal, F2 and F3 subequal, the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 2.7 times as long as wide and 2.0 times as long as F11.

Mesosoma. Slightly longer than high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence ( Fig. 4a ). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.38. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum ( Fig. 4a ) coriaceous; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, without lateral carina. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 4b ) almost 1.2 times as wide as long, coriaceous with weak, dense, discontinuous transversal elements; anterior grooves weakly impressed, extended 1/4 of the mesoscutal length. Notauli complete, narrower and less impressed anteriorly. Median groove absent or just as a shallow impression. Parapsidal grooves weakly impressed, reaching tegulae. Scutellum ( Fig. 4b ) rounded, about as long as wide, densely wrinkled, interspaces coriaceous; circumscutellar carina weak; scutellar foveae subtriangular to ovate, shallow, weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleurae ( Fig. 4a ) regularly and finely striate basally and medially, interspaces alutaceous, speculum smooth; little pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus reaching 4/5 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae narrow, straight and parallel; a weak medial carina also visible. Nucha sulcated dorsally and laterally.

Legs. Tarsal claws with a basal tooth.

Wings. Fore wings pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell closed and 2.4 times as long as wide; areolet inconspicuous, only posterior vein pigmented. Rs+M inconspicuous, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.

Metasoma. Slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma, about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view ( Fig. 4a ). First metasomal segment sulcated dorsally and laterally. Syntergite smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and with a narrow band of minute micropunctures occupying the distal 1/5–1/4 of the syntergite length; not incised dorsodistally, pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.

MALE. Unknown.

Distribution. USA. States of New York, New Jersey, Washington D.C., Illinois and Wisconsin, according to Burks (1979).

Biology. Originally reared from galls of Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch, 1859) on a white oak and from similar galls described by Osten-Sacken (1861: 256) on an unknown oak ( Osten-Sacken 1865). According to Gillette (1896), these similar galls may correspond to those of Disholcaspis quercusmamma (Walsh, 1869) (= Holcaspis duricoria Bassett, 1890 ) on Quercus bicolor Willd. ( Quercus section). Gillette (1896) also has some specimens reared from galls of D. quercusmamma and Trigonaspis ? quercusforticorne ( Walsh, 1864) (= Biorhiza forticornis ( Walsh, 1864)) , the latter considered incertae sedis after Pujade-Villar et al. (2018).

Remarks. Synergus campanula was described from 10♀ ( Osten-Sacken 1865: 376). We located and examined 3♀ reared from galls of D. quercusglobulus belonging to the type series deposited in MCZ. As it is not stated in the original description, a lectotype (MCZ-ENT 00013968) has been designated.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Synergus campanula: a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal view. Synergus confertus: c) lateral habitus; d) dorsal view. Synergus flavens: e) lateral habitus; f) dorsal view. Synergus laeviventris: g) lateral habitus; h) dorsal view.