Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis, Hiremath & Lin, 2021

Hiremath, Sangamesh R. & Lin, Mei-Ying, 2021, Description of two new species of Glenea Newman, 1842 from southern India and reinstatement of Glenea vestalis Heller, 1934 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini), Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4), pp. 205-245 : 225-234

Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov.

( Figures 26–33 , 43 )

Type material

HOLOTYPE: ♀, with labels as follows: (1) India, Karnataka, Shimoga Dist., Agumbe Ghat , 2000 ft., V.2001 ( CCH). (2) HOLOTYPE/ Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. /des. Hiremath & Lin, 2020 (red label) . Paratypes (4 specimens, with a white locality label as given below, besides a second pink label: ‘ PARATYPE / Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. /des. Hiremath & Lin, 2020’): 3♂, India: Kerala: Kozhikode/ Chappanthottam: Melukavu Panchayat / 11.70055556 N, 75.81833333 E / 09. December 2018/S. R. Hiremath Coll./Ex. Syzygium jambos ; 1♂, with label as follows: India: Karnataka / Kudremukha Peak / 13.13361111 N, 75.28416667 E / 13. May 2011, 1195 m/K.D. Prathapan & K. Shameem Coll . Note: the paratypes were lost in a fire accident between acceptance and publication of this manuscript. However, all specimens were thoroughly studied, and relevant measurements and all necessary illustrations including that of the male genitalia are provided.

Description

Male (n = 4) ( Figure 26 (a–d)). Body length measured from vertex to elytral apex 10.74–11.52 mm; humeral width 3.66–3.96 mm.

General body colour brick reddish brown, head and pronotum darker than elytra, faintly covered with fine, minute, recumbent, yellowish grey hairs, denser on elytra, legs and ventral side of body.

Head with frons, vertex, postclypeus, labrum, base of mandibles brick reddish brown; anteclypeus yellowish brown with marginal angles ornamented with yellow spot; eyes, apical half of mandibles black; labial and maxillary palpi yellowish brown. Frons with lateral sides ornamented with thickly haired, creamy yellow, longitudinal band at base of antennal tubercles, continued between upper eye lobes, traversing vertex as slightly narrowed longitudinal bands; frons between lateral bands moderately adpressed with creamy yellow hairs. Posterior sides of eye lobes ornamented with narrow bands of similar hairs, which continue onto genae as wide, pubescent banding, anteriorly merging with lateral bands of frons on their inner side. Base of anteclypeus ornamented with creamy yellow, transverse, thickly haired band, interspersed on lateral sides with three pairs of elongate, suberect, dark brown setae arising from respective punctures. Labrum adorned on lateral sides with two pairs of punctures, each giving rise to paired, conjoint, elongate, suberect, dark brown setae (however, in one specimen these setae are asymmetrical with right side bearing one extra seta arising separately on outer side). Inner margins of eye lobes, frons, vertex and genae interspersed with randomly distributed, dark brown, suberect setae arising from respective punctures. Head slightly narrower than pronotum, moderately covered with deep punctures; frons weakly convex in lateral view, medially impressed with fine, dark brown sulcus, running from postclypeus to vertex; antennal tubercles weakly produced, divergent, widely separated at base, area between antennal tubercles flat, anteriorly inclined; eyes finely faceted, distinctly emarginated; upper eye lobes connected to lower eye lobes by 6–7 rows of ommatidia; lower eye lobes oval, 2.13–2.38 times as long as genae.

Antennae surpass elytral apex at base of antennomere IX, 1.32–1.34 times as long as body. Antennomeres I–IX reddish brown, antennomeres I–III shiny, antennomeres IV–IX matt in appearance, antennomeres X and XI dark brown, matt in appearance. Antennomeres I–VI fringed beneath with elongate, dark brown, suberect setae, shorter on antennomeres V and VI. Base of scape towards outer side on dorsum, ventro-apical side of antennomeres VII and VIII bearing a single, dark brown, elongate, suberect seta. Integument of antenna covered with fine, yellowish grey, recumbent, faint hairs on scape, pedicel, base and ventral side of antennomeres III; remaining antennomeres adorned with dark brown recumbent setae, interspersed with a few randomly distributed minute, yellowish grey suberect setae. Scape cylindrical, weakly and gradually narrowed towards base; base of scape emarginated on inner side. Antennomere XI gradually and weakly thickened towards obtusely pointed apex. Ratio of lengths of antennomeres: 1.00: 0.22–- 0.24: 1.24–1.26: 1.00: 1.04: 1.04: 1.04: 0.91–0.92: 0.91–0.92: 0.80–0.83: 1.04.

Prothorax dark brown, interspersed with randomly distributed red brown to dark brown suberect setae. Pronotal disc medially ornamented with a distinctly narrow, creamy yellow (creamy white in preserved specimens), longitudinal band, interrupted postmedially and reappears as oval, haired spot near basal margin; sublateral and lower lateral sides ornamented on each side with a broad, thickly haired, creamy yellow (creamy white in preserved specimens) longitudinal band, inner margins obliquely bisinuate, outer margins nearly straight; central area of these bands ornamented on each side with a pre-medial, irregularly oval, dark brown spot, remaining area interspersed with six dark brown, remotely and randomly distributed, elongate, suberect setae arising from dark-spotted base. Pronotum 1.13–1.26 times wider than long, 0.56–- 0.60 times as long as humeral width, apical margin slightly broader than basal margin; lateral sides slightly swollen at middle and weakly constricted just behind middle; pronotal disc densely covered with coarse, deep punctures; centro-notal area distinctly convex, postmedially continued as a short ridge, longitudinally impressed with a fine, dark brown sulcus; apical margin transversely straight, basal margin distinctly convex at middle.

Scutellum short, tongue-shaped, apical half thickly covered with creamy white, adpressed hairs; rounded apically.

Elytra reddish brown in general, postmedial disc darker than premedial disc, basal third interspersed with several dark brown, elongate, suberect setae; sparsely fringed with a few similar setae at apex. Elytral disc on each side, ornamented with one epipleural, three premedial, one medial and one postmedial, thickly haired spots; elytral epipleura ornamented with a small, creamy white, oval spot at base; premedian spots creamy white, disposed broadly in triangular fashion: first spot circular, situated at basal third, second spot smaller than previous, circular, obliquely placed, just behind basal third in close proximity to sub-lateral carina, third spot oblong, largest of premedial spots, placed behind basal third along sutural margin, and close to middle; medial spot largest, creamy yellow (creamy white in preserved specimen), irregularly oval, situated between sutural and sub-lateral margins, apical margin of this spot convex at middle, basal margin distinctly notched at middle; postmedian spot circular, creamy white, situated at apical fourth, subequal to premedian, sutural spot. Elytra elongate, about 0.68–0.69 times as long as body, 3.33–3.59 times as long as pronotum, 2.00–2.02 times as long as humeral width, wider at base, gradually narrowed towards apex; apex generally emarginated ( Figures 26 (a) and 43(a)) (slightly truncate in one specimen), sutural angle dentate, marginal angle stretched into acute spine. Humeral prominence distinctly and angularly produced ( Figure 43 (b)). Elytra with premedial disc covered with coarse punctures, punctures on postmedial disc gradually turning finer and sparsely distributed. Elytral disc impressed with two longitudinal rows of coarse punctures, gradually becoming finer towards apex between sublateral and lateral margin. Sublateral margin impressed with two longitudinal carinae: one begins at base of humeral prominence, other begins just below humeral prominence; carinae parallel to each other before merging with one another at apical fourth, continued as short carina, terminating along acute spine at marginal angle of elytral apex. Elytra in lateral view, weakly convex at base and apical fourth, flat at middle, slightly sloped pre-apically.

Legs yellowish brown, except reddish brown tarsal claws. Outer and inner margins of fore-tibiae sparsely fringed with a few yellowish brown, suberect setae. Inner margins of mid and hind tibiae fringed with medium sized, suberect setae same colour as previous. Tarsi interspersed with a few dark brown, recumbent setae at their apex. Tarsal claws divaricate.

Sternites with pro-, meso- and metasternum reddish brown. Mesepisternum ornamented on each side with a medium sized, creamy white, oval spot. Lateral sides of metasternum ornamented on each side with a large, wide, creamy yellow (creamy white in preserved specimens) haired band; sternal space between lateral bands broadly triangular, densely adpressed with golden yellow hairs; posterior margin of metasternum, on either side of discrimen, ornamented with small, transverse oval, creamy white spots. Metepisternum on anterior half ornamented with a creamy white, oval, haired spot, smaller than that on mesepisternum; posterior half ornamented with a longitudinal haired band, wider anteriorly and narrowed posteriorly. Outer face of metacoxa with a transverse, creamy white haired band.

Abdomen with ventrites reddish brown. Ventrites I–IV ornamented on each side with a pair of haired bands side by side; inner band on ventrite I transverse, largest among all remaining bands; bands on ventrite IV sometimes fused with each other. Sternite VII ornamented on each side with two haired spots, obliquely placed one behind the other, posterior spot larger than anterior; Sternite VII convex pre-apically, 0.25 times as long as total length of abdomen, and 1.67–1.71 times as long as preceding segment; apical margin distinctly notched at middle.

Male genitalia ( Figures 27–29 ). Tergite VIII ( Figure 27 ) U-shaped, with its apical margin broadly obtusely angulate; lateral sides fringed with a few small- to medium-sized, red brown setae at middle, fringed with elongate, red brown, curved setae up to apical margin; apical margin at its middle densely fringed with medium sized, light brown setae; median disc randomly covered with small, red brown, recumbent setae, arising from oval to irregularly raised structures, interspersed with circular bodies. Sternite VIII boat shaped, red-brown; basal margin ornamented on either side of middle with transversely arranged minute, light coloured spinules, sometimes interspersed with a few suberect setae, lateral sides covered with a few suberect setae; apical margin on either side of middle covered with several irregularly dispersed elongate, red brown, suberect setae, interspersed with several minute spinules in a small patch. Spiculum gastrale Y-shaped, 1.81 times as long as spiculum relictum; median arm shorter than lateral arms, separated up to preapical area, abridged medio-longitudinally by flat membrane; apex curved leftward. Spiculum relictum straight or sometimes curved near its middle. Tegmen ( Figure 28 (a–c)) 2.65 mm long; in lateral view ( Figure 28 (c)), distinctly concave near middle and straight on either side. Basal piece present, distal margin curved, postmedial disc impressed with a transversely curved ridge; entire surface covered with minute, angulate spinules, denser premedially. Roof present. Ringed part converging, constricted near widest portion; manubrium broadly V-shaped with arms distinctly sinuate, basal end surmounted by a short dorso-ventrally flattened areolated membrane ( Figure 28 (a)). Lateral lobes ( Figure 28 (b)) elongate, cylindrical, 0.33 times as long as tegmen; basal margin obliquely straight; inner and outer margins straight up to apex, apex obliquely rounded; base of inner margins slightly produced behind as thick, curved, widened rod; integument light coloured at apex, lateral margins bearing a few, small, suberect setae, impressed with two elongate setae near apical fourth, apex interspersed with a few randomly distributed, distinctly elongate setae; disc of lateral lobes randomly covered with several medium sized setae except basal margin; basal margin impressed with similar setae arranged transversely. Median lobe ( Figure 29 (a–b)) subequal to tegmen, curved in lateral view ( Figure 29 (a)); basal struts begin near pre-apical area; ventral plate ( Figure 29 (b)) with apical margins appears grooved, preapical area on either side of middle randomly covered with a few minute punctures.

Endophallus ( Figures 30–32 ) excluding APH 2.29 times as long as median lobe. BPH 0.57 times as long as median lobe, cylindrical at apical three-fourths, basal fourth distinctly spherical; membrane transversely plicate, densely covered with semi-circular spicules. MPH with MT distinctly short, 0.21 times as long as median lobe, 0.39 times as long as CT; ventral membrane with anterior and posterior half bulged, middle portion depressed; anterior half of ventral membrane transversely plicate, covered with circular spicules. MT bears two pairs of sclerotic plates ( Figure 31 (a–c)): anterior pair present adpressed to dorsal membrane at its middle, broadly rectangular, widest at middle, proximal end slightly narrowed; posterior pair placed post-medially, suspended towards ventral membrane, irregular, conical with surface wavy. CT distinctly elongate, subequal to BPH, uniformly cylindrical, with distal end bearing a weakly developed medio-dorsal swelling on ventral membrane; membrane of CT at basal third covered with minute, angulate spicules, remaining surface up to pre-apical area randomly and densely covered with minute circular spicules, lateral sides remotely interspersed with larger, hollow, circular spicules, ventral side with a medio-longitudinal patch of densely distributed angulate spicules; apical area on dorsal side covered with medium-sized, angulate spicules, along with a few larger, hollow, circular spicules on lateral side. PB vessel-shaped, 0.41 times as long as median lobe, with anterior half cylindrical, posterior half distinctly spherical; cylindrical portion with anterior third weakly reticulate, randomly covered with large, hollow, circular spicules, densely and compactly covered with setae like adpressed spicules, becoming fine and short towards bulged portion, lateral side interspersed with a few large, hollow, circular spicules; bulged portion densely and uniformly covered with minute, irregular to semi-circular spicules. RS ( Figure 32 (a–b)) as long as CT, 0.55 times as long as median lobe, curved and indistinctly twisted in lateral view, composed of three rods – two lateral and one median; lateral rods abridged at pre-apical area, proximal ends weakly spatulate with transversely corrugated integument, distal ends obtusely pointed; median rod distinctly narrow, with apex giving rise to ED. ED single.

Female (n = 1) ( Figure 26 (e)). Body length 15.10 mm, humeral width 5.20 mm. Similar to male in general appearance with the following differences: antennae shorter compared with males; pronotum with inner margins of sublateral bands distinctly bisinuate in apical half, obliquely straight in basal half; elytra with first spot largest among premedial spots disposed in triangular fashion; third spot circular to oval, subsutural in position, slightly subequal to second spot; sternite VII medially impressed with a dark brown longitudinal sulcus.

Remarks

RS closely embedded in APH, concealed inside PB of endophallus ( Figure 30 ). Attempts to inflate the APH were futile and resulted in tearing off the endophallus at PB. Hence, APH was not examined. The female description is based on the measurements and image provided by Carolus Holzschuh, which was photographed by Bruno Brudermann ( Austria).

Differential diagnosis

The new species is similar to G. albosignatipennis Breuning, 1950 and G. signaticollis Gahan, 1889 . However, it differs from G. albosignatipennis by the following characters: general body colour brick reddish brown (vs reddish brown in G. albosignatipennis ); lower eye lobes of male 2.13–2.38 times as long as genae (vs lower eye lobes of male 5 times as long as genae in G. albosignatipennis ); pronotum wider than long (vs pronotum as long as wide in G. albosignatipennis ); scutellum tongue-shaped (vs scutellum pentagonal in G. albosignatipennis ); humeral prominence ( Figure 43 (b)) comparatively distinctly protruding (vs humeral prominence ( Figure 44 (b)) comparatively less protruding in G. albosignatipennis ); lateral and median bands on pronotum not united ante-basally (vs lateral and median bands united with each other ante-basally in G. albosignatipennis ); median longitudinal band discontinuous (vs median longitudinal band continuous in G. albosignatipennis ); inner margins of lateral bands obliquely sinuate (vs inner margins of lateral bands straight in G. albosignatipennis ); base of elytral epipleura with a creamy white, oval, haired spot (vs elytral epipleural spot absent in G. albosignatipennis ); premedian disc of elytron with three haired spots, among them one spot is located along sutural margin (vs pre-median disc of elytron with only two haired spots and sutural spot absent in G. albosignatipennis ); post-median disc of elytron with a circular, pre-apical haired spot (vs post-median disc of elytron with a curved, pre-apical haired spot in G. albosignatipennis ); elytral apex (43a), on each side, generally emarginated in the new species (elytral apex (44a), on each side, obliquely truncated in G. albosignatipennis ); mesepisternum ornamented on each side with an oval spot (vs mesepisternum entirely covered with a large, haired spot in G. albosignatipennis ); lateral sides of abdominal ventrites I–IV ornamented with two spots on each side, arranged side by side (vs abdominal ventrite II with two spots on each side, arranged side by side, and ventrites I, III and IV with a single transverse band on each side in G. albosignatipennis ); sternite VII with two spots on each side, arranged one behind the other (vs abdominal sternite VII with a single, post-median spot on each side in G. albosignatipennis ).

The new species can be differentiated from G. signaticollis by the following characters: general body colour brick reddish brown (vs reddish brown or sometimes general colour of head, pronotum and underside of the body except sternite VII black in G. signaticollis ); lower eye lobes of male 2.13–2.38 times as long as genae (vs lower eye lobes of male 3 times as long as genae in G. signaticollis ); pronotum of male wider than long (vs pronotum of male as long as wide in G. signaticollis ); scutellum tongue-shaped (vs scutellum semicircular in G. signaticollis ); humeral prominence ( Figure 43 (b)) comparatively distinctly protruding (vs humeral prominence ( Figure 45 (b)) comparatively less protruding in G. signaticollis ); lateral and median bands on pronotum not united ante-basally (vs lateral and median bands united with each other ante-basally in G. signaticollis ); median longitudinal band on pronotal disc discontinuous (vs median longitudinal band on pronotal disc continuous or reduced to anterior and posterior spots or broadly divided into halves in G. signaticollis ); inner margins of lateral bands of pronotum obliquely sinuate (vs inner margins of lateral bands of pronotum straight or slightly sinuate or indented at middle in G. signaticollis ); central area of lateral bands on pronotum ornamented on each side with irregularly oval, dark brown, premedial spot (vs central area of lateral bands on pronotum without dark brown spot in G. signaticollis ); elytra attenuated towards apex (vs elytra subparallel in G. signaticollis ); elytral apex (43a), on each side, generally emarginated (elytral apex (45a), on each side, distinctly truncated in G. signaticollis ); premedian disc of elytron with three haired spots, where third spot is located along sutural margin (vs premedian disc of elytron with three haired spots but third spot is located in the middle of the disc between the sutural and sublateral margins in G. signaticollis ); postmedian disc of elytron with a circular, preapical haired spot, located at middle of disc between sutural and sublateral margins (vs postmedian disc of elytron bears a circular, preapical haired spot, located along sublateral margin in G. signaticollis ); apical margin of elytra without hairy band (vs apical margin ornamented with pale yellow hairy band (creamy white in preserved specimens) in G. signaticollis ); sternite VII with two spots on each side, arranged one behind the other (vs sternite VII with a single spot on each side in G. signaticollis ).

Etymology

The species epithet ‘ pseudoalbosignatipennis ’ alludes to the close resemblance to its sibling species G. albosignatipennis described from Tarewadi village, now in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state.

Life history

Three adult specimens were collected on Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston. Beetles were highly active and were found resting mostly on the abaxial side of the leaf lamina ( Figure 33 ). There were characteristic feeding traces on the leaves ( Figure 34 ) and traces of damage on the stem ( Figures 35–36 ) of the only such tree found in the homestead garden of a farmer. Syzygium jambos is likely to be the host plant of this beetle.

Distribution

India (Kerala and Karnataka).

Figures

Figure 26. (a–e) Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. 26(a–d) Paratype, male: 26(a) dorsal view, 26 (b) lateral view, 26(c) ventral view, 26(d) head, frontal view. 26(e) Holotype, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 27–29. Male genitalia of Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. 27. Tergite VIII, sternite VIII and IX. 28(a–c) Tegmen: 28(a) ventral view, 28(b) close-up of lateral lobes in ventral view, 28(c) lateral view. 29(a–b) Median lobe: 29(a) lateral view, 29(b) close-up of ventral plate apex. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Figure 29(b) not to scale.

Figures 30–32. Endophallus of Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. 30. Lateral view. 31(a–c) Two pairs of sclerotic plates of MT: 31(a) dorsal view, 31(b) ventral view, 31(c) lateral view. 32(a–b) Rodshaped sclerites: 32(a) dorsal view, 32(b) ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Figure 31(a–c) not to scale.

Figures 33–36. Ecology of Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. 33. Live specimen, resting on abaxial of Syzygium jambos leaf lamina (notice the several bright yellow maculae on the body of live beetle). 34. Typical feeding symptoms on under surface of S. jambos leaves. 35. Exit holes on trunk of S. jambos. 36. Larval feeding galleries on debarked portion of S. jambos trunk. Images not to scale.

Figures 43–45. Line drawings of elytral apex and humeral prominence. 43(a–b) Glenea pseudoalbosignatipennis sp. nov. 43(a) Emarginated elytral apex. 43(b) Distinctly angulated humeral prominence. 44(a–b) Glenea albosignatipennis Breuning, 1950. 44(a) Obliquely truncated elytral apex. 44(b) Weakly angulated humeral prominence. 45(a–b) Glenea signaticollis Gahan, 1889. 45(a) Distinctly truncated elytral apex. 45(b) Moderately angulated humeral prominence. Line drawings not to scale.