Lasionycta frigida Crabo & Lafontaine, 2009

Crabo, Lars & Lafontaine, Donald, 2009, A Revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote, ZooKeys 30 (30), pp. 1-156 : 43-45

Lasionycta frigida Crabo & Lafontaine , sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74F2198E-C747-46B9-9F9B-8D8783E51CF5

Figs 34, 154, 210. Map 7

Type material. Holotype ♁. Canada, Alberta, mouth of Prospect Creek, 1640 m, UV trap, 14 July 2001, subalpine spruce-pine-willow forest, G. G. Anweiler, Genitalia slide 95848, Databased for CNC Noctuoidea # 6627, Barcodes of Life Project , University of Guelph , DNA # Noctuoidea 6627. CNC . Paratypes 4 ♁, 3 ♀. Canada.

Alberta. Nordegg , 12 July 1939, K. Bowman, Slide No. 8335 (1 ♁, 1 ♀) ; Prospect Mtn above Prospect Creek, 2400 m, 17 July 1999, Rocky vegetated slopes nectaring on Phlox sp. Chris Schmidt, Genitalia slide 95847, Databased for CNC Noctuoidea # 6608/ Barcode of Life Project, University of Guelph , DNA # Noctuoidea 6608 (1 ♁) ; Prospect Mtn ̴ 10 km SW Cadomin, 45–24W5, 2300 m, 17 July 1999, B. C. Schmidt (2 ♁) ; near Cadomin, mouth of Prospect Ck ̴5500’, 21 July 2000, UV light, Schmidt and Anweiler (1 ♀) ; Mt Tripoli, Cardinal Divide , 45–23W5, 18 July 1999, B. C. Schmidt (1 ♀). CNC, LGC .

Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin frigidus meaning cold. It refers to the cold habitats where this species occurs.

Diagnosis. Lasionycta frigida is similar to L. poca and occurs with it in western Alberta. Th ey are structurally indistinguishable, including male antenna and eyes, but can be distinguished by color, hindwing markings, and CO1 barcode. Lasionycta frigida has a gray brown forewing with indistinct markings. Th e hindwing is brownish off-white and the postmedial line is paler than the marginal band. Lasionycta poca has a dark-gray forewing with crisper markings and a purer white hindwing with the dark postmedial line and marginal band similar in color. The CO1 sequence of L. frigida differs from that of L. poca by over 2 % and is more similar to those of L. leucocycla . It is the only species in the sub-group with a combination of a wide male antenna and a L. leucocycla -like CO1 haplotype. The other wide-antenna species resembling L. leucocycla have CO1 DNA more similar to L. perplexa than L. leucocycla ( Fig. 248 ).

Lasionycta illima , another similar species with similar male antenna found to the north of L. frigida , has smaller eyes and a yellower hindwing. Lasionycta frigida is nearly indistinguishable in superficial appearance to northern Yukon populations of L. l. leucocycla (compare Figs 34 and 22) but differs in antennal structure. Lasionycta frigida is easily distinguished from the Alberta subspecies L. l. albertensis that has a yellow hindwing.

Description. Head – Antenna of male weakly bipectinate and fasciculate; individual segments 2.4× shaft width. Antenna of female filiform and ciliate. Dorsal segments dark gray proximally, white distally. Scape white. Eye normal size. Palpus covered with brownish off-white and few dark-gray scales. Frons covered by pale brown-gray hair-like scales. Top of head with equal mixture of dark-gray and white hair-like scales. Thorax – Vestiture a mixture of hair-like white and gray scales and bifurcate white-tipped gray scales, appearing light gray ventrally and hoary gray dorsally with slightly darker gray lines on prothoracic collar and patagium. Legs with equal mixture of gray and luteous off-white scales. Tarsal segments gray with scattered off-white scales, ringed distally with off-white. Wings – Forewing length: male 12 mm (expanse 26 mm); female 13 mm (expanse 27 mm). Ground color of forewing a mixture of light- to dark-gray, white, and luteous scales, appearing slightly uneven dark gray with faint brown tint. Basal, antemedial, and postmedial lines double, dark gray with pale-gray filling. Basal and antemedial lines undulating. Medial shade dark gray, faint, evident near costa and in cell. Postmedial line moderately scalloped, with darker proximal and faint distal components, mildly excurved near cell, otherwise oblique across wing. Subterminal line pale, sinuous, preceded by prominent dark-gray chevrons between veins forming a nearly continuous dark line across the wing. Spots dark gray. Orbicular spot round, filled with light-gray scales peripherally and a dark-gray ocellus centrally. Reniform spot weakly hourglass shaped, filled with light gray peripherally and dark-gray scales centrally. Claviform spot faint, extending half distance between the antemedial and postmedial lines. Terminal area and fringe slightly darker than remainder of wing, fringe weakly checkered. Ventral forewing pale, slightly luteous gray with darker gray shade along costa and in cell. Markings all similar, dark gray. Discal spot moderately large. Postmedial line scalloped, complete across wing. Marginal band moderately sharply demarcated. Dorsal hindwing slightly brownish off-white with scattered dark-gray scales and dark-gray markings. Discal spot ovoid, prominent. Postmedial line undulating, weakly scalloped, more faint than discal spot and marginal band. Marginal band relatively wide, sharply demarcated. Hindwing fringe light gray proximally, brownish off-white distally. Ventral hindwing slightly brownish off-white with scattered dark-gray scales and darker gray markings than on ventral forewing. Discal spot large, ovoid. Postmedial line solid near anterior margin and fading near anal angle, fainter than ventral forewing postmedial line and other hindwing markings. Marginal band darker, narrower, and more sharply defined than ventral forewing marginal band. Abdomen – Covered with pale-luteous off-white and scattered gray scales, appearing light gray. Male genitalia – (Fig. 154). Genital capsule and aedeagus as in the L. leucocycla species-group and L. leucocycla sub-group descriptions. Valve approximately 5.5× as long as wide. Cucullus typical, corona single except double at apex. Vesica with a single basal cornutus (N = 1). Female genitalia – (Fig. 210). Ovipositor lobe, segment VIII, and bursa copulatrix as in the L. leucocycla species-group description. Corpus bursae approximately 1.4× as long as ductus bursae and 0.6× as wide as long. Proximal appendix bursae relatively bulbous.

Distribution and biology. Lasionycta frigida has a restricted range in the Alberta Rocky Mountains. Th e habitat is mixed forest in cold microclimates (C. Schmidt pers. comm.). It is nocturnal and comes to light, although one specimen was collected during the day. All specimens are from mid-July. Th is species is very rare in collections.

The Alberta front ranges where L. frigida occurs harbors the southernmost populations of several arctic and subarctic Lepidoptera suggesting that L. frigida might be a subarctic species. It should be sought farther north in Yukon and Alaska.

Figures

Figure 248. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of the North American Lasionycta leucocycla species-group. Symbols and codes are the same as in Fig. 247. No data is available for Lasionycta carolynae, L. illima, L. leucocycla hampa, L. macleani, L. mono, or L. uniformis handfieldi. The illustrated specimens demonstrate the variation in appearance of the species-group and are scaled to the same size.