Ipomoea bonariensis Hook.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

162. Ipomoea bonariensis Hook. , Bot. Mag. 65: t. 3665. 1839. (Hooker 1839: t. 3665)

Convolvulus hookerianus D. Dietr. , Syn. Pl. 1: 666. 1839. (Dietrich 1839: 666). Type. Based on Ipomoea bonariensis Hook.

Ipomoea heterotricha Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 280. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 280), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea heterotricha Didrichsen (1856) . Type. BRAZIL. F. Sello(w) (holotype?B†, n.v.).

Ipomoea obtusiloba Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 283. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 283). Type. BRAZIL. F. Sello 3605 (holotype B†, photo F; possible type BR0005951314 sine col.).

Ipomoea obtusiloba var. tridens Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 283. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 283). Type. "Uruguay and Brazil, Parana", J. Tweedie 7 (whereabouts unknown).

Ipomoea astrotrichota Dammer , Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23 (5), Beibl. 57): 40. 1897. (Dammer 1897: 40). Type. BRAZIL. "environs de Rio de Janeiro", A.F.M. Glaziou 13008 (holotype B†; isotypes K, P).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. calvescens Hallier f., Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 16: 51. 1899. (Hallier 1899a: 51). Type. Based on I. astrotricota Dammer

Ipomoea bonariensis subvar. triloba Hallier f. [as var. calvescens subvar. triloba ], Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 16: 51. 1899. (Hallier 1899a: 51). Type. Based on I. astrotricota Dammer

Ipomoea bonariensis subvar. integrifolia Hallier f. [as var. calvescens subvar. integrifolia ], Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 16: 52. 1899. (Hallier 1899a: 52). Type. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Lagoa de Freitas, E. Ule 3852 (holotype B†, isotype?HBG, n.v.).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. genuina Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2: 5: 695.1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 695), nom. illeg.

Ipomoea bonariensis forma villicaulis Chodat & Hassl. [as var. genuina forma villicaulis], Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 5: 695. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 695). Type. PARAGUAY. Cordillera de Los Altos, E. Hassler 3798 (lectototype G00174714, designated here; isolectotypes G).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. grandiflora Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2: 5: 695. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 695). Type. PARAGUAY. E. Hassler 2984 (lectotype P0355032, designated here; isolectotypes BM, K000612836).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. cordifolia Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2: 5: 695. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 695). Type. PARAGUAY. Río Apa, E. Hassler 8384a (G, not found).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. rupestris Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2: 5: 695. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 695). Type. PARAGUAY. Tobatí, E. Hassler 6163 (lectotype G00174719, designated here; isolectotypes BM, G).

Ipomoea bonariensis subsp. mollis Hassl., Fedde , Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.9: 153. 1911 (Hassler 1911: 153). Type. PARAGUAY. Concepción, Río Paraguay, E. Hassler 7378 (lectotype NY00319150, designated here; isolectotype BM).

Ipomoea bonariensis forma cordata [as var. grandiflora forma cordata ] Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 153. 1911. (Hassler 1911: 153). Type. PARAGUAY. E. Hassler 8284a (lectotype NY00621757, designated here).

Ipomoea bonariensis forma glabrata [as var. grandiflora forma glabrata] Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 153. 1911. (Hassler 1911: 153). Type. PARAGUAY. E. Hassler 8284 (holotype G, isotype BM).

Ipomoea bonariensis forma intermedia [as var. grandiflora forma intermedia ] Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 153. 1911. (Hassler 1911: 153). Type. PARAGUAY. E. Hassler 8378, 8378a, 8378b. (syntypes G?).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. pubisepala [as subsp. mollis var. pubisepala ] Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 153. 1911. (Hassler 1911: 153). Type. PARAGUAY. E. Hassler 1513 (BM, K), 1681 (?G), 2984 (BM, K00612836), 3798 (G00174713, G00175936, P03550327), all syntypes.

Ipomoea biglandulosa Arechav. , An. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 7: 204. 1911. (Arechavaleta y Balpardo 1911: 204). Type. URUGUAY, no type cited, lectotype, specimen labelled " Ipomoea biglandulosa n. sp. Orillas del Uruguay, florece en verano," (MVM), designated here.

Ipomoea florentiana Hoehne, Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan , Secc. Bot. 1, Fasc. 6: 73. 1922. (Hoehne 1922: 73). Type. BRAZIL. São Paulo, 2 April 1918, J. Florêncio Gomez 1742 (holotype SP).

Ipomoea corumbaensis Hoehne, Anexos Mem. Inst. Butantan , Secc. Bot. 1, Fasc. 6: 74. 1922. (Hoehne 1922: 74). Type. BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul, Hoehne 2741 (holotype SP).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. chacoensis O'Donell , Lilloa 29: 125. 1959. ( O’Donell 1959b: 125). Type. ARGENTINA. Chaco, Dept. Tapenagá, C.L. Schulz 1500 (holotype LIL001226).

Ipomoea bonariensis var. erecta J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, Kew Bull. 70 (31): 80. 2015. (Wood et al. 2015: 80). Type. PARAGUAY. Nueva Asunción, cerca del cuartel de Gral. Eugenio A. Garay, A. Charpin & L. Ramella 21528 (holotype G).

Type.

Cultivated plant grown from seed collected by Tweedie at Buenos Aires (lectotype K00612912, designated by Wood et al. 2015: 79).

Description.

A very variable trailing or, more commonly, twining perennial to at least 3 m in height, roots stout, tuberous, stems becoming woody when old, sparsely or densely roughly hirsute with stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate, usually 3-9 × 3-9 cm, ovate, obtuse and mucronate, entire or commonly 3-5-lobed to about half way or margin sinuate, adaxially dark-green, asperous, stellate-pubescent, abaxially grey, stellate-tomentose; petioles 1-6 cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate, 1-10-flowered, axillary cymes, sometimes becoming racemose in form; peduncles 2-8 cm, stout, asperous-stellate-hirsute; bracteoles scale-like, caducous; secondary peduncles 1-3.5 cm; pedicels 2-10 mm (very rarely more); calyx globose in outline, sepals slightly unequal, coriaceous, convex, obtuse, usually glabrous, the margins scarious, outer 5-8 × 4-5 mm, elliptic, inner slightly broader and longer; corolla 4-7 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink, glabrous, limb c. 4 cm diam., shallowly lobed. Capsules narrowly ovoid, 11-12 × 7 mm, glabrous; seeds 5-7 mm long, pilose with hairs 10 mm long.

Illustration.

Figures 9C , 94A-C; O 'Donell (1959b: 121).

Distribution.

Abundant in much of Paraguay, the Chiquitania of Bolivia, parts of southern Brazil and Misiones in Argentina but scattered and less common elsewhere in Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay and Brazil. We have not traced the record from Peru (Austin and Huáman (1996), which seems improbable. It is often found in scrub and on forest margins around rock platforms although it is not restricted to this habitat. Its absence from many lowland areas is surprising.

URUGUAY. Sine data, J. Tweedie s.n. (K, LIL, SI); Artigas, Cuereim, M.B. Berro 2568 (K, LIL); Concepción, P. Lorentz s.n. [2/1877] (BM).

ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: C.M. Hicken 13701 (K, SI), 14476 (K, SI). Chaco: A.G. Schulz 2076 (CTES) - var. chacoensis . Corrientes: S.G. Tressens et al. 3595 (CTES, K). Entre Ríos: Lorentz 927 (BM, CORD). Formosa: Patiño, A. Krapovickas & C. Cristóbal 46543 (CTES). Jujuy: Ledesma, L. Galetto 296 (CORD). Misiones: G.J. Schwarz 5148 (LIL, S); H. Keller & G. Prance 3377 (K); Iguazú, H. Keller et al. 2713 (CTES) - forma glabrata; Candelaria, H. Keller & Franco 13281 (CTES, OXF) - f. glabrata . Also Catamarca, Salta, Santa Fe and Santiago del Estero, fide O’Donell (1959b) and Austin and Costea (2008). PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: 30 km SE of Lagerenza, R. Spichiger et al. 2581 (G) - var. chacoensis ; Cerro León, F. Mereles 6639 (FCQ); Nueva Asunción, F. Mereles & R. Degen 4900 (FCQ) - var. chacoensis . Alto Paraná: K. Fiebrig 5381 (BM, K), 6113 (BM, K). Boquerón: Destacamento de General Garay, R. Degen & F. Mereles 2974 (FCQ) - var. erecta ; F. Mereles & R. Degen 5139 (FCQ) - var. chacoensis . Caazapá: Reserva Tapyta, I. Vera 1821 (FCQ). Cordillera: Cerro Tobatí, E. Zardini 6739 (FCQ, MO); ibid., E. Zardini & R. Degen 3647 (FCQ, MO). Guairá: Villa Rica: Balansa 1176 K), E. Zardini & R. Velázquez 8930 (FCQ). Itapúa: Isla Yacyreta. M. Quintana et al. 141 (PY); ibid., A. Pin et al. 70 (PY) - both forma glabrata. Paraguarí: Balansa 1051 (K); P.N. Ybycuí, E. Zardini & T. Tilleria 35051 (PY). Presidente Hayes: O. Aquino & G. Polini 493 (FCQ) - var. chacoensis . San Pedro: N. Soria 5513 (FCQ).

BRAZIL. Bahia: Fiaschi et al. 2758 (CEPEC, NY). Espirito Santo: A.L. Peixoto et al. 3302 (MO). Goiás: Minacu, G. Periera-Silva 4806 (CEN). Mato Grosso do Sul: A. Pott et al. 9917 (CPAP). Paraná: Jaguaraíva P. Dusen s.n. [13/3/1904] (S). Rio de Janeiro: Canteiro, J.R. Mattos 306 (RB). Rio Grande do Sul: E. Leite 2296 (GH); J. Tweedie s.n. (K). São Paulo: M.R. Silva 754 (MO); C.W. Mosén 3441 (S). Also Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina, all fide Flora do Brazil 2020.

BOLIVIA. Beni: Cercado, T.C.O. Ibiato, M.T. Martinez et al. 9 (USZ). Santa Cruz: Germán Busch, Puerto Suárez-Cerro Mutún, J.R.I. Wood & D. Villarroel 25904 (K, LPB, UB, USZ); Chiquitos, Santiago de Chiquitos, J.R.I. Wood & D. Soto 27186 (K, LPB, USZ); Cordillera, P.N. Kaa-Iya, A. Fuentes & G. Navarro 2338 (BOLV, LPB, MO, USZ); Guarayos, A. Krapovickas & A. Schinini 31877 (CTES); Ichilo, Buenavista, J. Steinbach 7098 (BM, LIL, K, MO); Ñuflo de Chávez, Piedra de Calama, J.R.I. Wood 27458 (K, LPB, USZ); Velasco, M. Dematteis.et al. 3564 (CTES, K); San Ignacio-Vilabela, J.R.I. Wood et al. 27858 (OXF, K, LPB, USZ). Tarija: Gran Chaco, P. Zuñiga et al. 20 (HSB) - var. erecta .

Lectotypification.

The synonomy of the infraspecific taxa of the very variable Ipomoea bonariensis is immensely complicated with some collections being cited by Hassler under several names. Not all collections have been located at Geneva but we have lectotypified names wherever possible in the hope of achieving a degree of nomenclatural stability.

Note.

Ipomoea bonariensis is usually easily recognised by the stellate hairs that cover all vegetative parts. However, it is extremely variable in habit, leaf form and indumentum and numerous infraspecific taxa have been described. Stems are usually trailing or climbing but plants with erect stems and subterminal inflorescences ( I. bonariensis var. erecta ) occur in the western Chaco on the borders of Bolivia and Paraguay. Most plants are distinctly stellate hairy, although the indumentum varies from sparse to dense. However, occasional specimens which are entirely glabrous occur ( I. bonariensis forma glabrata). These are reported from Paraguay and Brazil but are a particular feature of Misiones Province in Argentina. Leaves are typically entire but they are commonly lobed. Plants with 3-5-lobed leaves were treated as I. bonariensis var. chacoensis by O’Donell but as I. bonariensis subsp. mollis by Hassler, and have been reported from the Argentinian Chaco and neighbouring parts of Paraguay. Some plants have prominently laciniate leaves (Keller & Franco 13257) and resemble some forms of Ipomoea homotrichoidea in their leaf shape.

Figures

Figure 9. Pollen of Ipomoea species. A I. hieronymi (Wood et al. 28055) B I. wolcottiana (Hughes et al. 1911) C I. bonariensis (Wood et al. 27871) D I. bahiensis (Queiroz 15975) E I. maurandioides (Krapovickas & Cristobal 1573) F I. corymbosa (Jurgensen 612) G I. sericosepala (Wood 28122) H I. tiliifolia (Beddome 5581). Photos by Robert Scotland.

Figure 94. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A-C Variation in I. bonariensis A form with laciniate leaves B form with digitately lobed leaves C form wth ovate, cordate leaves D I. carolina E I. microdactyla. A, B Hector Keller C Beth Williams D, E Ramona Oviedo.