Camaena inflata ( Moellendorff , 1885)

Ding, Hong-Li, Wang, Pei, Qian, Zhou-Xing, Lin, Jun-Hong, Zhou, Wei-Chuan, Hwang, Chung-Chi & Ai, Hong-Mu, 2016, Revision of sinistral land snails of the genus Camaena (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, with description of a new species from Guangxi, China, ZooKeys 584, pp. 25-48 : 32

Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Camaenidae

Camaena inflata ( Moellendorff, 1885) Figs 3C, 4C, Table 4

Helix cicatricosa var. inflata Möllendorff, 1885: 393.

Helix (Camaena) cicatricosa var. inflata , Pilsbry 1891: 199, pl. 25, fig. 101.

Camaena cicatricosa var. inflata , Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904: 399; Dautzenberg and Fischer 1906: 355-356; Dautzenberg and Fischer 1908: 172.

Camaena cicatricosa cicatricosa, Yen 1939: 123, pl 12, fig. 33; Zilch 1964: 243; Schileyko 2011: 41.

Type locality.

Tshien-ti-shan, province of Guidshou [Tshien-te-shan (Yen, 1939)].

Material examined.

Holotype. SMF 8092. Paratype. SMF 8093, 26502.

Additional material see Table 4.

Diagnosis.

Shell sinistral, medium, thick, solid, globular, yellowish brown to brown, with obtuse apex and dome-shaped spire; 5 rapidly increasing and convex whorls separated by deep suture; body whorl expanded, slightly shouldered, slightly descending in front; periphery weakly angulate in front of aperture, becoming round before peristome. Surface with thick growth lines, and fine spiral ribs. Aperture roundly lunate, white inside, with curved margin. Peristome white, expanded, reflected, thickened and glossy; columellar margin expanded. Upper lip decline quickly; inner lip thickly callous. Basal lip curved, forming a smooth junction with oblique columellar lip. Umbilicus narrow, more than two-third of its area covered by reflected columellar lip. Hump beside umbilicus present. Color pattern of 3-5 reddish brown spiral bands on upper surface and numerous wavy, reddish brown spiral bands of various thickness bands on base; subperipheral and subsutural bands much wider (Fig. 3C).

Penis short, swollen, with a rounded bulge in correspondence of verge. Epiphallus swollen, with short and thin penis retractor muscle. Flagellum thickened, tapering distally. Vas deferens long and thin. Vagina short and swollen. Bursa copulatrix oval with long and thin pedunculus, expanded at basal half its length. Verge long, bluntly conic, with widely-spaced transverse wrinkles basally, dense and weak longitudinal grooves apically. Inner penial wall supporting several weak and dense pilasters: proximally transverse surrounding verge, distally longitudinal (Fig. 4C).

Distribution.

Known only from Guizhou, China (Fig. 1).

Ecology.

This species inhabits limestone forest. The animals appeared sensitive to environmental condition and can not be observed in farmland. Animals copulate during April to August (May and June mostly), lay eggs in September-October which hatch in 30 to 40 days ( Zhang 2008).

Comparative remarks.

This species is characterized in having a globular and solid shell, the swelling and gibbous last whorl, a roundly lunate aperture, an almost covered umbilicus, both transverse and longitudinal pilasters on inner penial wall, and a bluntly conic verge with transverse and longitudinal wrinkles. Shell size varied between the two sampled populations (Table 4), but the phylogeny and genetic distances agreed that they are the same species. Comparing with other species, the distinct monophyly on the phylogenetic tree, and sufficient genetic and morphological differences provide enough evidences of species separation. Hence, this taxon is raised to species rank.