Xyphinus karschi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)

Suzuki, Yuya, Hidaka, Ryota & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2023, Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species, Zootaxa 5323 (2), pp. 216-242 : 223-224

Xyphinus karschi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)

Fig. 3

Gamasomorpha karschi B̂senberg & Strand, 1906: p.117, pl. 16, fig. 455, male and female syntypes from Saga, Japan; not examined .

See the World Spider Catalog (2023) for the complete taxonomic list.

Materials examined. Okinawa Is. (Okinawa Pref.): 1 male (NSMT-Ar 21909), Sueyoshi Park, Shuri-sueyoshi Town, Naha City , 28-III-2022, H. Unami leg. ; 1 female (NSMT-Ar 21910), Sueyoshi Park, Shuri-sueyoshi Town, Naha City , 17-XI-2015, K. Ogata leg. Kumamoto Pref.: 2 males 2 females, Sugawara Shrine (32°48’40.6”N, 130°44’38.2”E), Hotakubohonmachi, Higashi-ku , Kumamoto City , 9-II-2022, R. Hidaka leg.

Diagnosis. Females of X. karschi are closely similar to those of X. hwangi Tong & Li, 2014 described in Taiwan, but can be distinguished by the shape of the protuberance on the epigastric region. The anterior side of the epigastric region is surrounded by sclerotized arch in the former species, while it is large and nose-shaped in the latter counterpart ( Fig. 5J , 7D in Tong & Li 2014). Males of X. karschi can be easily distinguished from those of X. hwangi , which has a slender and strongly curved shaped ventral apophysis ( Fig. 6F in Tong & Li 2014).

Description. See Kranz-Baltensperger (2014) and Ono (2009) for details of description.

Distribution. China, Thailand, Taiwan, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu and the Nansei Islands). See also Fig. 11 and Table 2 for details of distribution in the Nansei Islands.

Habitat. In Okinawa Island, this species was collected in woods at an urban park. In Kumamoto, it was collected at dried and artificially disturbed area in a shrine. Spiders were found under peeled barks and dead leave layers of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, (1825) tree.

Remarks. This species was originally described in Japan based on specimens collected from Saga Prefecture (B̂senberg & Strand 1906). Although several additional records from Japan have been reported ( Uyemura 1937; Fukasawa 1940; Kikuya 1985), none provided information on voucher specimens. Furthermore, Uyemura (1937) erroneously captioned an illustration of G. cataphracta as X. karschi ( Fig. 8 in Uyemura 1937). Therefore, this constitutes the second record of X. karschi from Japan with voucher specimens.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Xyphinus karschi (B̂senberg & Strand, 1906) (A–E male: NSMT-Ar 21909 and F–H female: NSMT-Ar 21910 from Okinawa Island, I female from Kumamoto Prefecture). A, F Habitus, dorsal view. B Habitus, lateral view. C, G Habitus, ventral view. D Left palp, dorso-prolateral view. E Left palp, retrolateral view. H, I Epigastric region, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C, F, G); 0.1 mm (D, E, H, I).

FIGURE 5. Opopaea deserticola Simon, 1891 (A–C male: NSMT-Ar 21912 from Okinawa Island and D–F female: NSMT-Ar 21913 from Yonaguni Island) and Opopaea syarakui (Komatsu, 1967) (G–K male: FB, per. coll., from Izena Island and L–P female: NSMT-Ar 21915 from Kumamoto Prefecture).A, D, G, L Habitus, dorsal view. B Prosoma, lateral view. H, M Habitus, lateral view. I, N Habitus, ventral view. C, J Left palp, retrolateral view. E, O Epigastric region, ventral view. F, K, P Abdomen, frontal view. Abbreviations: cb—cymbiobulbus, fm—femur, pt—patella, pds—pedicel tube dorsolateral spikes, psr—paired scutuml ridges. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, D, G–I, L–N); 0.25 mm (B, F, K, O, P); 0.1 mm (C, E, J).

FIGURE 6. Ischnothyreus narutomii (Nakatsudi, 1942) (A, B, D–F male: FB, per. coll., from Kanagawa Prefecture; C, G male: FB, per.coll., from Yakushima Island; H, I, K female: FB, per. coll., from Kanagawa Prefecture; J, L female: FB, per. coll., from Yakushima Island). A, C, H, J Habitus, dorsal view. B, I Habitus, lateral view. D Carapace, frontal view. E Left palp, dorsal view. F, G Left palp, retrolateral view. K, L Epigastric region, ventral view. Abbreviations: 0.5 mm (A–C, H–J); 0.2 mm (D); 0.1 mm (E–G, K, L).

FIGURE 7. Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon, 1891) (A–E male and F–H female: NSMT-Ar 21918 from Iriomote Island) and Ischnothyreus velox Jackson, 1908 (I–M male and N–P female: NSMT-Ar 21919 from Shimoji Island).A, F, I, N Habitus, dorsal view. B, G, J, O Habitus, lateral view. C Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. D Carapace and chelicerae, lateral view. E, K Left palp, retrolateral view. L Left palp, dorsal view, M Left palp, prolateral view. H, P Epigastric region, ventral view. Arrows in Fig. 7E and 7L–M indicate a triangular lobe and a thin appendix, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B, F, G, N, O); 0.5 mm (I, J), 0.2 mm (C, D); 0.1 mm (E, H, K–M, P).

FIGURE 8. Ischnothyreus ogatai sp. nov. (A–D Holotype female: NSMT-Ar 21921and E–L Paratype male: NSMT-Ar 21922 from Iriomote Island) A, E Habitus, dorsal view. B, F Habitus, ventral view. G Habitus, lateral view. C Epigastric region, ventral view. D Epigastric region, clarified, ventral view. H Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. I Chelicerae, posterior view. J Left palp, prolateral view. K Left palp, dorsal view. L Left palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5mm (A, B, E–G); 0.1 mm (C, D, I–L).

FIGURE 11. Geographic localities of the Nansei Islands examined in this study.