Dzhungarocosa, Marusik, Yuri M., 2017

Marusik, Yuri M., 2017, A survey of East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 13. A new genus of spiny-legs Pardosinae from Eastern Kazakhstan, Zootaxa 4320 (2), pp. 339-350 : 340-341

Dzhungarocosa gen. n.

Type species. Dzhungarocosa omelkoi sp. n.

Etymology. The generic name is derived from the type locality of the type species, Dzhungarian Alatau, and end with -cosa, typical ending for Lycosidae genera. The gender is feminine.

Note. The new genus belongs to Pardosinae (sensu Zyuzin, 1993), judging by the ventral origin of the embolus, the tip of the embolus resting in a small tegular depression, thick and sclerotized tegular apophysis and well sclerotized basal part of palea lacking synembolus and concealed by tegulum.

Diagnosis. Dzhungarocosa gen. n. differs from other Pardosinae genera with numerous (4–6) pairs of ventral tibial spines on leg I and occurring in North Holarctic by having unmodified embolus (modified in all others), not reduced palea with 2 or 3 processes (1 process, or palea reduced), epigyne lacking distinct anterior pockets (present in all other genera) and with large septal pockets raised over septal plain (pockets absent or not raised).

Relationships. Although the 3 species belonging to this new genus have 4–6 pairs of ventral tibial spines on leg I, arranged in slanting row ( Figs 3–4, 7–8, 11–12 ) like in Acantholycosa , Gulocosa , Mongolicosa and other genera belonging to the Acantholycosa -complex (see Marusik et al. 2004, 2015), it seems that Dzhungarocosa gen. n. is not related to any of these genera. All species in the genera belonging to the Acantholycosa -complex have modified embolus; either thick ( Sibirocosa , Gulocosa ), or very ( Mongolicosa ) or relatively broad ( Acantholycosa ), often having a basal spine, while in species belonging to the new genus, embolus is not modified and is relatively short. The palea in Dzhungarocosa gen. n. has 2 broad processes (or ridges), while in the genera belonging to Acantholycosa -complex the palea is either reduced ( Sibirocosa , Melecosa ), unmodified ( Mongolicosa ) or has one process ( Acantholycosa , Pyrenecosa ). The new genus has bifurcated terminal apophysis with rounded tips, while in Acantholycosa and related genera the terminal apophysis is unbranched and either sharply pointed or has an apical spine.

Females of the new genus lack distinct anterior pockets (present in all genera belonging to the Acantholycosa - complex) and have very large septal pockets extending septal plain. This character is unknown in other Pardosinae.

Both palpal and epigynal morphology do not allow to trace relationships of the new genus with other Pardosinae or any species group in Pardosa sensu lato.

Description. Total length: male 7.5–9.5, female 8.0–10.4. Carapace length: male 3.7–4.8, female 4.0–4.7; width: male 3.0–3.9; female 3.2–3.9. Carapace black or dark-brown or black with yellow stripes around the fovea and near edges (female of D. zhishengi sp. n.). Clypeus yellow with black stripe on its lower edge or with a gray triangular spot in the middle, or uniformly yellow (female of D. omelkoi sp. n.). Chelicerae black or dark-gray ( D. ballarini sp. n.) with yellow stripes in males and uniformly yellow-brown ( D. ballarini sp. n.) or yellow basally with brown top in other species. Sternum and labium black or dark-gray in all species. Endites brown- or yellowgray with a yellow spot on the inner side.

Palps with the same colouration as the legs in females. Legs coloured by combination of black or gray and yellow rings in females. In males legs bright-yellow with black rings in D. zhishengi sp. n. or different segments and legs have different colouration (other species). Abdomen black or dark-gray with unclear pattern or without it. Leg I spination pattern: Fe: d1-1-1 p0-1(0)-2(3) r0(2)-1(0)-1; Pt: d1-1 p0(1)-0 r1(0)-0; Ti: d1-0-1 p1(2)-0-0 r1-0-0, pv6(4)-rv6(5)- v2 ap; Mt: p1(0)-1-0-2ap, r1(0)-1-0-2ap, v2-2 (1)-0-1ap.

Male palp. Colouration: general colour black, patella yellow, coxae–femur black except yellow patella or black with yellow spots in femur and patella ( D. zhishengi sp. n.). Tibia relatively long, about 0.56–0.62 of cymbium length. Cymbium black, modified setae absent; tip relatively long, about 1/3 of cymbial length, with one small claw. Tegulum unmodified, not extending ventrally. Tegular apophysis with two arms, both sharply pointed; anterior arm (Aa) larger than posterior (Pa). Anterior arm triangular or claw-like. Tegular conductor (Tc) large. Palea with 2 processes, anterior (Ap), and posterior (Pp). Posterior process-ridge wide, subdivided into 2 parts or entire. Terminal (Ta) apophysis large, bifurcated near terminal part, tips rounded. Embolic division with rounded pit (Rp) between palea and base of embolus. Embolus relatively short, especially in D. ballarini sp. n. and D. omelkoi sp. n.; not modified, lacking tooth, not twisted around axes. Embolus either straight ( D. zhishengi sp. n.) or slightly waved near the base. Tip of embolus slightly widened, abrupt and bent dorsally.

Epigyne. Fovea and anterior pockets absent. Septum well developed, with either thin or wide and bifurcated stem ( D. zhishengi sp. n.). Stem (St) anteriorly turn into a sclerotized arches (Ea). Base of septum (Bs) with large either anterior or posterior pockets (Po), ventral (external) wall of pocket strongly extends plain of septum and makes pockets well visible in anterior, posterior or lateral view ( Figs 56–57, 61–62, 66–68, 70–71, 73–74 ). Lips (Li) not touching each other, separated by septal base.

Receptacles tubular, with club-like heads (Rh), base of receptacles diverging, heads slightly converging.

Habitats. All three species were collected among stone screes ( Figs 75–78 ) on elevations over 2900 meters.

Composition and relationships within Dzhungarocosa gen. n.. Among three species currently considered in the genus D. ballarini sp. n., D. omelkoi sp. n. and D. zhishengi sp. n., the two former species are closely related and have similar colour pattern, number of ventral tibial spines on leg I, tegular apophysis with claw-like anterior arm, bent embolus and similarly shaped epigyne septum. The latter species stays apart, but shares with the remaining species the shape of the terminal apophysis, unmodified embolus, raised septal pockets and sclerotized arches in anterior part of epigyne.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 12. Habitus and retrolateral view of leg I in Dzhungarocosa zhishengi sp. n. (1 – 4), D. omelkoi sp. n. (5 – 8) and D. ballarini sp. n. (9 – 12). 1, 5, 9 male, dorsal; 2, 6, 10 female, dorsal; 3, 7, 11 male leg I; 4, 8, 12 female leg I. Scale = 2 mm for 1 – 2, 5 – 6, 9 – 10; 1 mm for 3 – 4, 7 – 8, 11 – 12.

FIGURES 52 – 66. Epigyne of Dzhungarocosa zhishengi sp. n. (52 – 56), D. omelkoi sp. n. (57 – 61) and D. ballarini sp. n. (62 – 66). 52, 57, 62 ventral; 53, 58, 63 macerated, ventral; 54, 59, 64 macerated, dorsal; 55, 60, 65 anterior; 56, 61, 66 posterior. Scale = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Li lip of the epigyne, Rh head of the receptacle, Po septal pocket.

FIGURES 67 – 74. Epigyne of Dzhungarocosa zhishengi sp. n. (67 – 68), D. omelkoi sp. n. (69 – 71) and D. ballarini sp. n. (72 – 74). 67, 69, 72 ventral; 68, 70, 73 ventro-lateral, showing septal pocket; 71, 74 posterior. Scale = 0.1 mm (if indicated). Abbreviations: Bs base of septum, Ea sclerotized arches, Po posterior pockets, St septal stem.

FIGURES 75 – 80. Habitats and type localities of Dzhungarocosa zhishengi sp. n. (75, 79, 80 — square), D. ballarini sp. n. (76, 79, 80 — circle) and D. omelkoi sp. n. (77 – 79, 80 — star).