Dryocosmus cannoni Schweger & Tang, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 83-88

Dryocosmus cannoni Schweger & Tang sp. n. Figures 1-10 , 11-15 , 16-17

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, roadside near Meng Hai 2, ex Castanopsis echinocarpa , 7.IV.2011 (CHI84), 21.955322°N, 100.598178°E, 1388m, ex ball gall, with a long point on a long stalk from leaf or bud (AGWP-Morpho73), em. 17.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn. One male PARATYPE: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, tea plantation near Meng Hai, ex Castanopsis echinocarpa , 7.IV.2011 (CHI87), 21.968800°N, 100.600883°E, 1388m, ex ball gall with a long point on a long stalk from leaf or bud (AGWP-Morpho73), em. 18.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn.

The female holotype and the male paratype are deposited in PHMB.

Etymology.

Named after Prof. Chuck Cannon (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China).

Diagnosis.

Dryocosmus cannoni , Dryocosmus harrisonae , Dryocosmus sefuriensis and Dryocosmus kuriphilus belong to the group of species in which the area dorsal to the transepisternal line is delicately striate anteriorly and the speculum lacks striae.

Dryocosmus cannoni is most similar to Dryocosmus harrisonae , sharing the presence of a slightly broadened gena visible only ventrally along the lateral eye margin.

Dryocosmus cannoni : parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line present (Fig. 12 ); placoid sensilla present on female F4-F12 (Fig. 9 ); scutellar foveae semilunar, with longitudinal parallel rugae; foveal septum absent (Fig. 13 ).

Dryocosmus harrisonae : parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line absent (Fig. 56 ); placoid sensilla present on female F2-F12 (Fig. 53 ); scutellar foveae transversely ovate, without rugae; foveal septum present (Fig. 57 ).

Description.

Sexual female: Head color: brown; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown to reddish brown, except for lighter tegula, propodeum, and posterior half of metasoma, legs yellow.

Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.90. Head width / head height: 1.15. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.50. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.85. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.0. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.0. OOL / LOL: 2.10. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.20. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.10. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with some sub-parallel delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.70. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 1.0. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.25. F1 length / pedicel length: 2. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.76. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F4-F12.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.2. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: present. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): rugose medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: absent. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular sulcus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae corresponding to transepisternal line extending 0.5 of mesopleural length, area dorsal to transepisternal line transversely striate. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: coriaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 2. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.4. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.20. Hypopygial setae apical end: not extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.30 mm (n=1).

Male: Color: Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown. Eye size vs female eye size: Eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.40. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.07. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Body length: 2.2 mm (n=1).

Gall (Fig. 17 ): The main body of the gall is located on a long, thin stalk, 1.5-2.1 mm long, growing from the base of the petiole or midrib of the leaf. The gall body con tains a spherical part 6.0-8.1 mm in diameter and a needle-like projection at the top of the gall body nearly the same length as the gall diameter. The gall is green, surface smooth; parenchyma is green and succulent. Unilocular, with a centrally located larval chamber. The gall development coincides with sprouting of the host-plant in April.

Biology.

Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from Castanopsis echinocarpa in April; adults emerge from galls under laboratory conditions immediately after field collection.

Distribution.

China: Yunnan Province (Xishuangbanna).

Figures

Figures 1 - 10. Dryocosmus cannoni sp. n. 1 - 4 head, female: 1 frontal view 2 dorsal view 3 posterior view 4 lateral view 5 - 8 head, male: 5 frontal view 6 dorsal view 7 posterior view 8 lateral view 9 - 10 antenna: 9 female 10 male (gen = gena).

Figures 11 - 15. Dryocosmus cannoni, female, sp. n. 11 mesosoma, lateral view 12 mesoscutum, dorsal view 13 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 14 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 15 fore wing, part (mml = median mesoscutal line, pl = parapsidal line, spe = speculum).

Figures 16 - 17. Dryocosmus cannoni, sp. n. 16 metasoma, female, lateral view 17 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang).

Figures 56 - 60. Dryocosmus harrisonae, female sp. n. 56 mesoscutum, dorsal view 57 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 58 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 59 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 60 fore wing, part.

Figures 48 - 55. Dryocosmus harrisonae sp. n. 48 - 50 head, female: 48 frontal view 49 dorsal view 50 posterior view 51 - 52 head, male: 51 frontal view 52 dorsal view 53 - 54 antenna: 53 female 54 male 55 mesosoma, female, lateral view (gen = gena, spe = speculum).