Paridris pallipes (Ashmead)

Talamas, Elijah J., Masner, Lubomir & Johnson, Norman F., 2012, Paridris Kieffer of the New World (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Platygastridae), ZooKeys 233, pp. 31-90 : 67-70

Paridris pallipes (Ashmead) Figures 263-6683 Morphbank39

Thoron pallipes Ashmead, 1887: 99 (original description); Ashmead 1893: 168 (description); Kieffer 1926: 171, 173 (description, keyed).

Thoron pallidipes Ashmead: Dalla Torre 1898: 512 (emendation).

Paridris pallipes (Ashmead): Krombein and Burks 1967: 298 (generic transfer); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 42 (type information). Morphbank40

Idris laeviceps Ashmead, 1893: 235 (original description), syn. n.

Idris leviceps Dalla Torre, 1898: 497 (unjustified emendation).

Paridris leviceps (Dalla Torre): Kieffer 1908: 123 (generic transfer).

Paridris laeviceps (Ashmead): Kieffer 1926: 422 (description, keyed); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 42 (type information). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2A5FC80F-CB07-4A53-B84A-0CA6D2DC53E7 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5070 Morphbank41

Idris nigricornis Brues, 1903: 126 (original description), syn. n.; Brues 1916: 555 (description).

Paridris nigricornis (Brues): Kieffer 1908: 123 (generic transfer); Kieffer 1926: 422 (description, keyed); Masner 1965: 300 (lectotype designation). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:14146869-1734-402D-9215-58E8BF20FE64 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5075 Morphbank42

Paridris brevipennis Fouts, 1920: 66 (original description), syn. n.; Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 42 (type information); Masner 1976: 36 (taxonomic status). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B030A2A5-C38A-4EF8-9CD5-43835465F047 urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5064 Morphbank43

Description.

Female body length: 1.35-1.99 mm (n=20). Male body length: 1.32-1.95 mm (n=20).

Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.

Color of head: brown; black; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: project ing into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures; pustulate. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present throughout dorsal head. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters; less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.

Color of mesosoma: brown; black; reddish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: broadly punctate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present throughout. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: dense; moderately dense. Notaulus: abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus; present as single round depression at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: present throughout. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: densely punctate. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.

Color of metasoma: brown; black; reddish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: absent. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate.

Wing development: macropterous; brachypterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.

Diagnosis.

Males of Paridris pallipes are similar to those of Paridris gongylos and may be easily separated by the simple occipital carina versus the crenulate occipital rim in Paridris gongylos . The dense microsculpture throughout the head and anterior mesosoma, absence of a transverse carina on T2 and smoothly convex posterior margin of T6 render the females of this species morphologically distinct among the specimens treated here.

Link to distribution map.

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Associations.

collected on Spartina alterniflora Loisel.: [Cyperales: Poaceae ]; collected on alfalfa: [Fabales: Fabaceae ]; collected on arroz: [Cyperales: Poaceae ]

Material examined.

Holotype, Thoron pallipes : UNITED STATES: Jacksnville, Fla; Type; type No. 24485 U.S.N.M.; Thoron pallipes Ashm. (USNM). Holotype, male, Idris laeviceps : UNITED STATES: VA, Arlington Co., Arlington, no date, USNM Type No. 24541 (deposited in USNM). Lectotype, Idris nigricornis : UNITED STATES: Mixed nest Myr-Lepto, Colebrook [CT], 9-10-01; LECTOTYPE Idris nigricornis Brues By L. Masner, 65; Idris nigricornis TYPES Brues; M.C.Z. type 31016 (MCZC). Holotype, Paridris brevipennis : UNITED STATES: Reared from eggs of Gryllus abbreviatus; Brookings S.D.; H.C. Severin Coll.; Type; Paridris brevipennis (MS) Fouts (USNM). Other material: (156 females, 153 males) BELIZE: 1 female, OSUC 181339 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 1 male, OSUC 323902 (OSUC). CANADA: 22 females, 25 males, OSUC 181096-181108, 181144, 181146, 181155-181156, 181167, 181169, 181175-181177, 334254-334258, 396139-396140, 396147-396158, 396183, 396235, 396240-396243 (CNCI). COSTA RICA: 3 males, OSUC 181333, 181395, 396126 (CNCI). CUBA: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 436228-436229 (USNM). GUATEMALA: 1 female, OSUC 181365 (CNCI). MEXICO: 5 females, 2 males, OSUC 181180-181181, 181311, 181313, 396281, 396522 (CNCI); OSUC 436232 (USNM). UNITED STATES: 126 females, 121 males, OSUC 334293 (AMNH); CASENT 2042379-2042381, 2042383, 2042385, 2042387, 2042389-2042391 (CASC); OSUC 181109-181143, 181145, 181147, 181149-181154, 181157-181166, 181168, 181170-181174, 181178-181179, 181182-181185, 181279, 265156, 334259-334264, 396129-396138, 396141-396146, 396159-396182, 396184-396234, 396236-396239, 396270-396273, 396282-396297 (CNCI); OSUC 78732-78742 (MEMU); OSUC 141974, 176003, 207783, 254612, 256488, 256630-256631, 256784-256789, 266151-266155, 411762, 58699-58702 (OSUC); OSUC 205736 (UCDC); OSUC 157734, 157760 (UCMC); OSUC 436200-436206, 436208-436212 (USNM).

Comments.

Paridris pallipes exhibits remarkably little morphological variation for the large size of its geographical distribution. One specimen from Costa Rica, OSUC 265167, fits neatly into our concept of Paridris pallipes with the exception that it has a posteriorly directed spine on T1. Consequently, this specimen is determined only as Paridris until more specimens are available to assess if this is a morphological variation within Paridris pallipes , or if it should be treated as a separate species. The females of this species have macropterous and brachypterous forms. The lone specimen record of Paridris pallipes from Brazil (OSUC 323902) is worthy of mention because of its distance from any other specimen records, and may indicate that this species has been introduced to Brazil by humans.