Amaryllis carrascoi, Lowry & Stoddart, 2002

Lowry, J. K. & Stoddart, H. E., 2002, The Amaryllididae of Australia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea), Records of the Australian Museum 54, pp. 129-214 : 137-143

Amaryllis carrascoi n.sp.

Figs. 5–8, Plate 1a.

Amaryllis macrophthalma .– Chilton, 1921: 55 (in part).–J.L.

Barnard, 1972: 262 (in part, figure of 8.5 mm female). Amaryllis sp. 2 .– Hutchings et al., 1989: 362.

Type material. HOLOTYPE, female, 11.7 mm, ovigerous (9 eggs), NMV J 13954 ; 1 PARATYPE, male, 8.4 mm, NMV J 13955 ; 30 PARATYPES, NMV J 13956 ; 30 PARATYPES, AM P 37117 ; 10 PARATYPES, SAMA C5971 ; 1 km off bay on north shore of Flinders Island, Investigator Group, South Australia, Southern Ocean , 33°41'S 134°31'E, 20 m, seagrass Posidonia , drift on sand , G. C. B. Poore , 19 April 1985, FV Lemnos , NMV stn SA-67 .

Additional material. NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 specimen, AM P 10858 , small bay near Kurnell, Botany Bay , 34°00'S 151°12'E, sand and weed, F. A . McNeill , 27 October 1927. 4 specimens, AM P 10849 , Kurnell, Botany Bay , 34°00'S 151°13'E, F. A . McNeill , 6 October 1927. 1 specimen, AM P 37118 , Moe’s Rock , S of Jervis Bay, 35°09'S 150°45'E, 6 m, coralline algae Amphiroa anceps, P.B. Berents , 29 June 1981, stn NSW-58. 35 specimens, AM P 37119, N side of Bawley Point , 35°31'S 150°24'E, 11 m, coralline algae, P. B . Berents , 27 April 1981, stn NSW- 27. 1 specimen, AM P 37120 , same locality, 3 m, coralline algae, P . D. Filmer-Sankey , 27 April 1981, stn NSW-26. 21 specimens, AM P 36701 , Murrumbulga Point, Twofold Bay , 37°04.7'S 149°53.1'E, breakwater wall, 3 m, S . Keable & P . Hutchings , 17 September 1985, stn FIRTA Q8 . 1 specimen, AM P 37121 , Aslings Beach, Calle Calle Bay, Twofold Bay , 37°05'S 149°56'E, 8.5 m, sediment, S . Keable & P . Albertson , 22 February 1985, stn FIRTA EB6 . 7 specimens, AM P 37122 , Quarantine Bay, Twofold Bay , 37°05'S 149°56'E, 2 m, seagrass Posidonia, S. Keable , 25 June 1985, stn FIRTA Q8-10 . VICTORIA: 36 specimens, NMV J 11536 , Duck Point, Corner Inlet , 38°49'S 146°16'E, 2 m, seagrass Zostera on sand, corer, G. J . Morgan , 20 November 1983, stn CIN 24. 1 specimen, NMV J 13957 , Bennison Channel, Corner Inlet , 38°49'S 146°23'E, 6 m, sand and shell grit, airlift, G. J . Morgan , 23 November 1983, stn CIN 28 E. 13 specimens, NMV J3336 , Shoreham, Western Port , [approx. 38°26'S 145°03'E], O. A . Sayce Collection. 1 specimen, NMV J 13958 , Western Port , O. A . Sayce Collection. 1 specimen, NMV J 13959 , West Channel , O. A . Sayce Collection. 1 specimen, NMV J3235 , Hobsons Bay, Port Phillip Bay , 3 m, sandy shell, grab, stn PPBES 189 . 1 specimen, NMV J 13960 , Port Phillip Bay. 8 specimens, NMV J 13961 , Port Phillip Bay , W . Williams , stn 25. 1 specimen, NMV J3247 , Port Phillip Bay , 9–12 m, W . Williams , 2 April 1959. 1 specimen, NMV J3261 , Port Phillip Bay , W . Williams , stn 64. 17 specimens, NMV J3269 , Port Phillip Bay, 38°14.0'S 144°39.5'E, 1 m, Venturi sampler, 23 January 1973, stn PPBES 966 . 3 specimens, AM P 58121 , Lawrence Rocks , Portland , Victoria, 38°24'S 141°40.1'E, 23 m, bryozoan, possibly Orthoscuticella sp. , R. T . Springthorpe & P. B . Berents , 30 April 1988, stn VIC-49. BASS STRAIT: 10 specimens, AM P 58115 , eastern Bass Strait , 38°56.5'S 148°19.3'E, 80–85 m, epibenthic sled, P. B . Berents, 27 August 1994, FRV Southern Surveyor , stn SS 05 / 95/59. 3 specimens, AM P 58118 , eastern Bass Strait , 38°59.1'S 148°31.6'E, 125 m, epibenthic sled, P. B . Berents, 27 August 1994, FRV Southern Surveyor , stn SS 05 / 95/60. 6 specimens, NMV J 13963 , 9 km SSW of Cape Adansan, Three Hummock Island, central Bass Strait , 40°30.9'S 144°56'E, 27 m, very coarse sand, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 3 November 1980, FRV Sarda , stn BSS-109. 6 specimens, NMV J 13987 , 5 km E of Cape Edie, Robbins Island, Central Bass Strait , 40°41.8'S 145°07'E, 16 m, fine shelly sand, epibenthic sled, M . Gomon & G. C. B . Poore , 3 November 1980, FRV Sarda , stn BSS-110 . TASMANIA: 1 specimen, AM P 37123 , off St Helens Point , 41°20.6'S 148°30'E, 110 m, fine clayey sand, P. H . Colman , 25 March 1973, MV Sprightly , stn BMR S73-2038 . 1 specimen, AM P 37124 , Bicheno , 41°53'S 148°18'E, 20–30 m, bryozoans and Macrocystis holdfast, R. H . Kuiter , 8 May 1986, AM stn TAS-26. 4 specimens, NMV J 13962 , Coles Bay , 42°07'S 148°17'E, 1 m, red algae and invertebrates on rock wall, airlift, R. S . Wilson , 21 April 1985, NMV stn TAS-17. 110 specimens, AM P 58120 , off rocky point near eastern end of Bryans Beach, Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania, 42°16'S 148°17.4'E, 12 m, baited trap, probably sandy bottom, J. K . Lowry & S. J . Keable , 30 April–1 May 1991, AM stn TAS-338. 7 specimens, AM P 27052 , Shouten Passage , 42°17'S 148°18'E, 12 m, coarse sand and coralline algae, van Veen grab, A. J . Dartnall , 8 June 1977, FRV Penghana, stn 46. 1 specimen, NMV J 13984 , 5 km NE of Mistaken Cape, Maria Island , 42°37'S 148°12.5'E, 100 m, “fine muddy bryozoans”, epibenthic sled, R. S . Wilson , 23 April 1985, RV Challenger , NMV stn TAS-31. 1 specimen, AM P 37125 , Tasmanian coast, FIS Endeavour Collection . SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 2 specimens, NMV J 13964 , NE end of West Island, Encounter Bay , 35°37'S 138°36'E, 12 m, red algae, G. C. B . Poore & H. M . Lew Ton , 20 March 1985, NMV stn SA-39 . 1 specimen, NMV J 13965 , N side of West Island, Encounter Bay , 35°37'S 138°36'E, 5 m, coralline algae, G. C. B . Poore & H. M . Lew Ton , 21 March 1985, NMV stn SA-43 . 14 specimens, NMV J 13966 , same locality, 5 m, sandy sediment, G. C. B . Poore & H. M . Lew Ton , 21 March 1985, NMV stn SA-46 . 1 specimen, AM P 37126 , Marino, Gulf St Vincent , [approx. 35°03'S 138°31'E], W. H . Baker , 1910. 2 specimens, AM P 37127 , Sellicks Beach, Gulf St Vincent , [approx. 35°20'S 138°27'E], H. M . Hale , 1936. 1 specimen, SAMA C5972 , Dangerous Reef, Spencer Gulf , [approx. 34°49'S 136°12'E], dredged, K . Sheard. 2 specimens, SAMA C5973 , Marion Bay, Yorke Peninsula , [approx. 35°14'S 137°00'E], 15 m, on bait in craypots, W . Zeidler , 28 January 1980. 2 specimens, NMV J 13967 , The Hotspot reef, 5 nautical miles W of N end of Flinders Island , 33°40.5'S 134°22.0'E, 17 m, tufted bryozoan on exposed rock face, G. C. B . Poore , 19 April 1985, FV Lemnos, NMV stn SA-62 . 2 specimens, NMV J 13983 , same locality, 17 m, tufted red alga on flat exposed rock face, G. C. B . Poore , 19 April 1985, FV Lemnos, NMV stn SA-63 . 26 specimens, NMV J 13968 , same locality, 12 m, mixed large forms of brown, red and green algae, S . Shepherd , 19 April 1985, FV Lemnos, NMV stn SA-64 . 9 specimens, NMV J 13969 , same locality, 17 m, mixed large forms of brown, red and green algae, S . Shepherd , 19 April 1985, FV Lemnos, NMV stn SA-65 . 5 specimens, NMV J 13970 , The Hotspot reef, 5 nautical miles W of N end of Flinders Island , 33°40.8'S 134°22.5'E, 21 m, tufted red algae and soft erect bryozoan, G. C. B . Poore , 29 April 1985, FV Lemnos, NMV stn SA-72 . 4 specimens, NMV J 13971 , 1 km off bay on N shore of Flinders Island , 33°41'S 134°31'E, drift algae on sand, hand dredge, G. C. B . Poore , 19 April 1985, NMV stn SA-68 . 1 specimen, NMV J 13972 , NE coast of Topgallant Island, Investigator Group , 33°43.0'S 134°36.6'E, 16 m, brown alga Cystophora sp. , S . Shepherd & G. C. B . Poore , 22 April 1985, NMV stn SA-84 . 7 specimens, NMV J 13973 , Venus Bay , S side of Germein Island , 33°13.2'S 134°40.1'E, 2 m, shelly sand flat, hand dredge, G. C. B . Poore , 23 April 1985, NMV stn SA-87 . 1 specimen, NMV J 13974 , same data, NMV stn SA-88 . 1 specimen, AM P 37396 , off St Francis Island , [approx. 32°31'S 133°18'E], 11–24 m, J. C .

Verco. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 specimen, AM P 37128, SE of South Point, Two Peoples Bay, 34°58'S 118°12'E, 12 m, bryozoan Orthoscuticella sp. , R. T. Springthorpe , 16 December 1983, stn WA-182. 1 specimen, AM P 37129, same locality, 12 m, coralline and green algae, sea grasses, R. T. Springthorpe, 16 December 1983, stn WA-183. 1 specimen, AM P 37130, Mistaken Island , Vancouver Peninsula, King George Sound, 35°04'S 117°56'E, 3 m, stalked ascidian, J. K. Lowry, 13 December 1983, stn WA- 109. 1 specimen, AM P 37131, off Possession Point, King George Sound, 35°02.5'S 117°55'E, 10 m, sand and detritus from bases of sea grasses, R. T. Springthorpe & J. K. Lowry, 14 December 1983, stn WA-131. 1 specimen, AM P 37132, same locality, 7 m, algae, bryozoan and sponge, R. T. Springthorpe & J. K. Lowry, 14 December 1983, stn WA-133. 1 specimen, NMV J 13975 , N of False Island , King George Sound , 35°00.7'S 118°10.1'E, 27 m, red algae and bryozoan, G. C. B. Poore & H. M. Lew Ton, 15 April 1985, NMV stn SWA-57 .

Type locality. One kilometre off bay on north shore of Flinders Island, Investigator Group , South Australia, 33°41'S 134°31'E, 20 m depth .

Description. Based on holotype female, 11.7 mm, NMV J13954 . Head much deeper than long, anterior margin with notch extended into a slit; rostrum absent; eye present, elongate, reniform. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 not ballshaped proximally, distal margin with small medial spine; peduncular article 2 medium length; flagellum without callynophore, calceoli absent. Antenna 2 flagellum about as long as that of antenna 1, without calceoli. Mouthpart bundle subconical. Epistome/upper lip almost straight (lateral view). Mandible lacinia mobilis a stemmed, distallycusped blade; accessory setal row with intermediate setae; palp article 2 with 2 posterodistal setae, article 3 without A3-seta. Maxilliped outer plate with distal margin smooth, medial margin without notch.

Gnathopod 1 carpus subequal in length to propodus (0.9×); propodus, posterior margin without robust setae. Gnathopod 2 palm slightly acute, with 3 lateral robust setae, 3 medial robust setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 merus and carpus without setal fringe. Pereopod 4 coxa with anterior and posterior margins subparallel, anteroventral corner rounded. Pereopods 5–7 with distal articles elongate, dactyls short and stocky. Pereopod 5 basis expanded posteriorly, rounded. Pereopod 7 basis subrectangular, posteroventral corner notched, posteroventral margin straight.

Epimeron 3 posterior margin serrate, with notch well above rounded posteroventral corner. Uropod 1 peduncle dorsolateral margin with 9 robust setae; outer ramus without large spines between robust setae. Uropod 2 inner ramus slightly constricted. Uropod 3 rami lanceolate; without plumose setae; outer ramus 1-articulate. Telson moderately cleft (about 40%).

Male (sexually dimorphic characters). Based on paratype male, 8.4 mm, NMV J 13955 . Antenna 1 flagellum with callynophore, with calceoli. Antenna 2 flagellum with calceoli. Mandible palp article 2 with 8 posterodistal setae. Gnathopod 2 palm with 1 lateral robust seta and 1 medial robust seta .

Variation. There is some minor variation in the appearance of epimeron 3 in A. carrascoi . In small specimens there may be as few as 2 small serrations above the notch on the posterior margin. Although always present, the notch itself is not well developed in some specimens, in which case the margin may appear to be only serrate. However, in Amaryllis species with a serrate posterior margin on epimeron 3, the serrations begin at the ventral margin whereas in species with a notch and serrations, the notch is well above the rounded posteroventral corner and the additional small serrations occur above the notch.

Etymology. Named for Jacque Carrasco, a Colombian natural history artist who lived and died in Australia before many of his ideas, integrating art and conservation, were ever realised.

Remarks. Amaryllis carrascoi is similar to other Amaryllis species with a serrate posterior margin on epimeron 3, such as A. croca , A. dianae , A. keablei and A. migo . It differs from all other species in this group in having a notched posteroventral corner on the basis of pereopod 7.

Habitat. Amaryllis carrascoi has been most frequently collected in association with coralline algae, but also with other types of algae, sea grasses and bryozoans; or on fine to coarse sands. It has twice been taken in baited traps.

Distribution. Southern Australia; from Botany Bay on the southeastern coast, through Tasmanian, Victorian and South Australian coasts to King George Sound in southern Western Australia. Except for a few records from 80–125 m off eastern Bass Strait and the Tasmanian coast, it occurs in shallow water, 1–30 m depth.

Amaryllis croca n.sp.

Figs. 9, 10

Amaryllis macrophthalma .– Chilton, 1921: 55 (in part).

Type material. HOLOTYPE, female, 16.5 mm, ovigerous (40 eggs), NMV J 13976 , The Hotspot reef, 5 nautical miles west of Flinders Island, South Australia, Southern Ocean , 33°40.8'S 134°22.5'E, 21 m, erect hard bryozoan on vertical rock face, G. C. B. Poore & H. M. Lew Ton , 20 April 1985, NMV stn SA-71 .

Additional material. VICTORIA: 2 females, NMV J3791 , Western Port , 11 May 1968, stn B/1 /20. 1 female, NMV J 13977 , Western Port , 7 April 1968, stn B/1 /9. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 1 female, AM E6525 , 24 km NW of Cape Jarvis, Gulf St Vincent, [approx. 35°25'S 137°55'E], 31 m, FIS Endeavour collection. 2 specimens, immature, AM P 37179 , Rapid Bay, Gulf St Vincent , 35°31'S 138°11'E, on jetty piles, P . Hutchings , 7 March 1979 .

Type locality. The Hotspot reef, 5 nautical miles west of Flinders Island, South Australia, Southern Ocean , 33°40.8'S 134°22.5'E, 21 m depth .

Description. Based on holotype female, 16.5 mm, NMV J13976 . Head much deeper than long, anterior margin with notch extended into a slit; rostrum absent; eye present, elongate, reniform. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 not ballshaped proximally, distal margin with well-developed medial spine; peduncular article 2 medium length; flagellum without callynophore, calceoli absent. Antenna 2 flagellum about as long as that of antenna 1, without calceoli. Mouthpart bundle subconical. Epistome/upper lip with a mid-anterior hook (lateral view). Mandible lacinia mobilis a stemmed, distally-cusped blade; accessory setal row with intermediate setae; palp article 2 with 4 posterodistal setae, article 3 without A3-seta. Maxilliped outer plate with distal margin smooth, medial margin without notch.

Gnathopod 1 carpus subequal in length to propodus; propodus, posterior margin without robust setae. Gnathopod 2 palm slightly acute, with 1 lateral robust seta, 3–4 medial robust setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 merus and carpus without setal fringe. Pereopod 4 coxa with anterior and posterior margins subparallel, anteroventral corner rounded. Pereopods 5–7 with distal articles elongate, dactyls short and stocky. Pereopod 5 basis expanded posteriorly, rounded. Pereopod 7 basis subrectangular, posteroventral corner subquadrate, posteroventral margin straight.

Epimeron 3 posterior margin serrate, without notch. Uropod 1 peduncle dorsolateral margin with 10 robust setae; outer ramus without large spines between robust setae. Uropod 2 inner ramus slightly constricted. Uropod 3 rami lanceolate; without plumose setae; outer ramus 1-articulate. Telson moderately cleft (about 45%).

Etymology. The specific name croca is a Medieval Latin word for a shepherd’s crook, an allusion to the hooked epistome of this species.

Remarks. Amaryllis croca is similar to other Amaryllis species with a serrate posterior margin on epimeron 3, such as A. carrascoi , A. dianae , A. keablei and A. migo . It is most similar to A. keablei , in that the serrations extend to the posteroventral corner. Amaryllis croca differs from A. keablei in having a well-developed medial spine on peduncular article 1 of antenna 1, posterodistal setae on article 2 of the female mandibular palp and one lateral robust seta on the palm of gnathopod 2. Amaryllis croca differs from all other Amaryllis species in having a midanterior hook on the epistome/upper lip.

Habitat. Amaryllis croca is known from bryozoans on a rock face and on wharf pilings.

Distribution. Southeastern coast of Australia; 21–31 m depth.