Tonnoiriella pulchra ( Eaton, 1893 )

Wagner, Rüdiger & Withers, Phil, 2020, The West-Palearctic species of the genus Tonnoiriella Vaillant, 1971 (Diptera: Psychodidae, Psychodinae), Zootaxa 4728 (2), pp. 183-210 : 188-189

Tonnoiriella pulchra ( Eaton, 1893)

( Figs. 8, 9 )

Pericoma pulchra Eaton, 1893 : Entomologist’s monthly Magazine 29: 123.

Tonnoiriella pulchra ; Vaillant 1971: Die Fliegen der paläartktischen Region. 9d. Lieferung 287: 33.

Material: holotype, 1♂ on pin, partly mounted: head thorax and wing on micro-pin, dry; white label: ♂; circular white label with red margin: type ♂; microslide with abdomen and styli with aedeagus, epandrium and epandrial processes separate; red label: holotype selected by A.L. T. [André Léon Tonnoir]; white label Pericoma (handwritten pulchra ) Eaton, det. Eaton 1894; white label: Somerset: near Park Wood near Bruton, 12 October [18]91 Rev. A.E. Eaton 94-144; white circular label near Park Wood 12.X. [18] 91 ♂; white label: BMNH 235298 ; [approximated geographical data: 51°06’43.50N 2°27’10.30W]. Specimen should be labelled ‘lectotype’ because it was selected from a series of specimens. 1♀ red label: Allotype selected by A.L. T. (Tonnoir) Circular white label palpi, antennae, legs | 4 3 Wing venation, genitalia; white label with blue margin Eaton No 1.g.; Eaton Bequest B.M. 1929-590; other side, white label: Libidophila pulchra ♀ Lane near Seaton Junction , Devon 22.IX.1904 (all handwritten). 2♂ slide mounted; round white label: palpi, antenna, genitalia wing; white label Eaton no1 c; white label: Eaton’s bequest; white label: Libidophila pulchra, Pottlake , near Shute , Devon 12 October 1901. 1♂ slide mounted; round white label: palpi antenna, legs 1+3, genitalia; white label: Eaton No 1 c; white label: Libidophila pulchra , near Seaton Junction , Devon 25 October 1904. 1♂ slide mounted; round white label: palpi, antenna, wing, genitalia; white label: Eaton No 1 a; white label: Eaton bequest 29-590; white label: Libidophila pulchra, Seaton , Devon 24 June 1901 (all BMNH).

Spain: 1♂ province Cadiz , env. Jimena, Hozgarganta valley, 200 m a.s.l., 17 July 1979, leg. Schacht; 1♂ Spain, Sierra Nevada , Rio Grande de los Berchules, 6 May 1981, leg. Zwick; 1♂, Mallorca, W of Puig Punyent, 2°31’E / 39°37’N, 200 m a.s.l., stream 15.2°C water temperature, 12 May 1978, leg. Malicky.

Germany: 1♂, 1♀ near Heldenbergen , [approximate geographical data: 50°13’54.65N / 8°49’01.05W] reared from larvae ; 1♂, emergence trap Rohrwiesenbach near Schlitz, 2 November 1971 ; 1♂ emergence trap Kalkbach [approximated geographical data: 50°41’26.85N / 9°29’39.10W] near Schlitz ; 1♂, Dittesen Quellen near Burghaun, 21 August 1995, leg. Sternberg.

Portugal: 2♂, Guarda Seia Aldeia da Cabec 40°23’04.19”N / 7°42’18.40”W, 04 September 2014 leg. Gonzalves ; 1♂, 1♀ Seica, Querem , 39°39’55.4”N / 8°30’45.1”W 20 July 2013 leg. Andrade ; 1♂, Nagosa M Dabeira , 41°01’38. 1”N / 7°36’17.6”W, 27 April 2014 leg. Andrade (all in collection RW).

Czech Republic: 3♂ , Bohemia centr. CHKO, Česky kras Koda env. Sbrsko svahove pramenište, malaise trap, Špinar, Sifner, Macek leg. (nos 16696 – 26 April 2007, 16697 – 9 May 2007, 16698 – 31.5.2007); 1♂ Bohemia bor. CHKO, Jizerske hory, Černa Studnice Homi env. Jablonec nad Nisou 23 June 2006 (no 15932) leg. et det. Ježek. 9♂ , from different locations in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, det. Ježek (all in collection NMPC) .

Description: Head round, eyebridge of 3 facet rows; distance between eyes 4 facet diameters; laterally of eyes a single row of postocular bristles. Palpus segments, absolute length: 0.066-0.088- 0.096-0.164 mm; relative length: 33-44-48-82. Antenna with scape, pedicel and 14 flagellomeres: absolute length 0.052 -0.042 -0.04-0.042-0.046- 0.044-0.044-0.046-0.044-0.04-0.038-0.036-0.034-0.022- 0.018-0.024 mm; relative length: 26-21-20-21-23-22-22- 23-22-20- 19-18-17-11 - 9-12 mm; terminal flagellomere with a short apiculus; pairs of digitate ascoids on flagellomeres 5–11.

Wing 2.67 times longer than wide, length 1.83 mm, width 0.68 mm.

Male terminalia with hypandrium broadened over 1/3 of its length with parallel sides ( Fig. 8 ). Gonocoxites approximately 2x longer than wide slightly bent, on basal edge 2 short ‘fingers’ jointed to the hypandrium; inner side with basal broadening with a group of longer setae, in the basal third with a single seta longer than gonocoxite; gonostylus almost straight, as long as gonocoxite.

Parameres with a broad ventral bridge, in the midst develops a racket-shaped ‘plate’, part of the aedeagus sheath; above a pair of thin inner processes that do not meet in the middle; further dorsal large condyles developed that converge in the middle with strongly sclerotized parallel sides that develop a ‘keel’ that underpins the basiphallus sclerite.

Basiphallus with ventral arm bilobed, shorter lobe connected to the distiphallus, longer lobe slightly bent medially thickened with blunt tip; distiphallus a specifically shaped cross sclerite, both ends with sharp tips, another tip on the broad end folded ventral. The dorsal lobe of the basiphallus distally as broad as the distiphallus ( Fig. 9 ), which is in dorsal view roughly triangular with abundantly folded margin.

Epandrium rhomboid, epandrial processes straight, apically with 10–12 feathered tenacula.

Distribution: Great Britain, Central and South-West Europe.

Remarks: Tonnoiriella pulchra was originally placed in genus Pericoma , a type locality was not given ( Eaton 1893). However, in the British Museum (Natural History) one specimen is labelled as holotype (must be lectotype!) selected by A.L. Tonnoir. The lectotype and additional specimens from Eaton’s bequest give an adequate impression of the species. Specimens from different areas in Europe vary slightly in size but the morphology of the terminalia is remarkably constant. Summarizing the knowledge on Psychodidae in North Africa Afzan & Belqat (2016) mentioned T. pulchra from Morocco and Algeria, based on literature references; it is most probable that their original references included misidentifications of related species, probably T. paveli Ježek 1999 .

Figures

FIGURES 8–14: 8 T. pulchra, genitalia ventral view; 9 T. pulchra, tip of aedeagus, dorsal view; 10 T. paveli, genitalia ventral view; 11 T. paveli ventral lobe of basiphallus with spineous ventral and dorsal distiphallus sclerites, dorsal view; 12 T. aurasica genitalia ventral view; 13 T. aurasica ventral lobe of basiphallus with spine and flexible area connecting with ventral distiphallus; 14 T. anderssoni, genitalia ventral view (in all figures epandrium, epandrial processes, and proctiger not shown).