Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pitasawatae Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung, 2020
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E805885-D335-4FB3-AE8D-FA443FAD82AE |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D35AD402-A33C-4560-B98A-5718CDA4B683 |
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lsid:zoobank.org:act:D35AD402-A33C-4560-B98A-5718CDA4B683 |
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scientific name |
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pitasawatae Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung |
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sp. nov. |
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pitasawatae Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung sp. nov. Figs 16 View Figure 16 , 25B View Figure 25
Material examined.
Holotype: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype: Simulium pitasawatae male, QSBG col. no. 49, Thailand, 2-II-2019, by W. Srisuka", collected from a stream (width 120 cm, depth 10 cm, bed sandy, moderate flow, pH 6.6, 17.1 °C, partially shaded, elevation 1,154 m, 19°03'36.8"N, 99°19'15.7"E), Huai Mor Nuea Village, Doi Saket, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2-II-2019, by W. Srisuka and A. Saeung (Coll. No. 49).
Paratypes: Three females, eight males (thorax of one male for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and 10 mature larvae (one mature larva for DNA analysis) (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype.
Diagnosis.
Female: small sensory vesicle and mandible with three to five distinct teeth on outer margin (Fig. 16A View Figure 16 ). Male: number of upper-eye facets in 14 vertical columns and 15 horizontal rows. Pupa: dorsal triplet of the gill filaments without their stalk or with an extremely short stalk (Fig. 16G, H View Figure 16 ). Larva: postgenal cleft as long as or little longer than the postgenal bridge (Fig. 16K View Figure 16 ) and abdominal segments 1-4 light ochreous (Fig. 25B View Figure 25 ).
Description.
Female (N = 3). Body length 2.0 mm.
Head. Frontal ratio 1.7-1.8:1.0:2.3-2.5; frons:head ratio 1.0:4.2-4.9. Labrum 0.61-0.64 times length of clypeus. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1-1.2:2.0-2.3; sensory vesicle medium sized, ellipsoidal (0.32-0.35 times length of third palpal segment). Lacinia with nine or ten inner and 12-14 outer teeth. Mandible (Fig. 16A View Figure 16 ) with 20-23 inner teeth and three to five outer teeth at some distance from tip.
Legs. Foreleg: basitarsus moderately dilated, 6.3-6.7 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: coxa medium brown; tibia yellowish white on basal three-fifths and light brown to brownish black on rest; basitarsus 5.7-6.0 times as long as wide, and 0.7-0.8 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively; claw with large basal tooth 0.43 times length of claw.
Wing. Length 2.0-2.1 mm.
Abdomen. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except anterior one-fifths of segment 2 ochreous.
Terminalia. Sternite 8 bare medially, with 19-23 medium-long to long hairs together with two to four slender short hairs on each side. Paraproct in ventral view with four sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view 0.6-0.7 times as long as wide, with 18-20 medium-long to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces. Cercus in lateral view 0.5 times as long as wide.
Male (N = 9). Body length 2.1-2.3 mm.
Head. Somewhat wide than thorax. Upper eye dark brown, consisting of large facets in 14 (rarely 13) vertical columns and 15 horizontal rows on each side. Antenna: first flagellomere elongate, 1.8 times length of second. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1:2.4; sensory vesicle small, ellipsoidal (0.22-0.25 times length of third palpal segment).
Legs. Foreleg: tibia light grey to light brown except basal tip and outer surface of basal two-thirds whitish, and apical one-third dark brown; basitarsus 7.9-8.3 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: coxa medium brown; tarsus (Fig. 16B View Figure 16 ) 3.7-4.0 times as long as wide, and 0.9-1.0 and 1.0-1.1 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig. 16B View Figure 16 ) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.3 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
Wing. Length 2.0-2.1 mm. Subcosta bare in three males but with one to five hairs in six males.
Genitalia. Coxite in ventral view (Fig. 16C View Figure 16 ) nearly rectangular, 1.6 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventrolateral view (Fig. 16D View Figure 16 ) 0.8 times length of coxite. Ventral plate in ventral view with basal arms slightly divergent, then convergent apically; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig. 16F View Figure 16 ) with ventral margin nearly straight or slightly concave medially. Paramere with basal arm bare or rarely with few minute setae on outer surface. Cercus with 15-18 hairs.
Pupa (N = 12). Body length 2.4-2.7 mm.
Head. Integument yellow, Thorax. Integument yellow, moderately covered with round tubercles except dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces of posterior half sparsely covered with tubercles.
Thorax. Gill (Fig. 16G, H View Figure 16 ) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [3+(1+2)]+2 or (3+3)+2 or (2+1+3)+2 from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk 0.6-0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; dorsal and middle triplets sharing short stalk, and dorsal triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level from extremely short stalk or directly from stalk of middle triplet, middle triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level or one individual and two paired filaments with extremely short secondary stalk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments 1.1-1.3 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.7-0.9 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 50-60° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal and middle triplets subequal in length (1.7-2.0 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (2.5-3.0 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.5 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally.
Abdomen. Dorsally, all segments light yellowish; segments 1 and 2 without tubercles; segment 5 with one spine (same size as those on segments 6-9) on one side in two pupae; segment 9 with pair of wide flat terminal hooks (Fig. 16I View Figure 16 ), of which outer margin 3.6-3.9 times length of inner margin and crenulated when viewed caudally.
Cocoon (Fig. 16J View Figure 16 ). Whitish yellow, slipper-shaped, roughly to moderately woven, widely extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin moderately woven medially, without bulge or short projection; individual threads invisible; 3.0-3.5 mm long by 1.7-2.4 mm wide.
Mature larva (N = 9). Body length 4.3-5.4 mm. Body light ochreous with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with light to dark brown (rarely reddish brown) band (though disconnected ventrally), thoracic segments 2 and 3 ochreous on ventral surface; abdominal segment 4 with reddish brown transverse band (though often entirely faded out), abdominal segments 5 and 6 each with distinct reddish brown, W-shaped, transverse band dorsally along posterior margin, though often partially faded out leaving one round dorsomedial spot and two lateral spots of various size and shape), dorsal and dorsolateral surface of abdominal segments 5-8 faintly to moderately covered with pinkish or reddish brown pigments (Fig. 25B View Figure 25 ).
Head. Head capsule yellow except eye-spot region whitish; head spots moderately positive. Antenna: proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.7-0.8:0.8-1.0. Labral fan with 23 or 24 primary rays. Postgenal cleft (Fig. 16K View Figure 16 ) rounded or pentagonal, 1.1-1.4 times length of postgenal bridge.
Thorax and Abdomen. Thoracic and abdominal cuticle sparsely covered with unpigmented minute setae, though few posterior abdominal segments sparsely covered also with dark minute unbranched setae dorsally. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with 7-11 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 1.1 times as long as posterior ones. Posterior circlet with 81-85 rows of hooklets with up to 14 or 15 hooklets per row.
Etymology.
The species name, pitasawatae , is in honor of Associate Prof. Dr. Benjawan Pitasawat, Head of Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, who kindly supported A. Saeung in collections of black flies.
Distribution.
Thailand (Chiang Mai).
Discussion.
This new species is similar to S. tamdaoense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya’cob described from Vietnam ( Takaoka et al. 2014a) and S. tanahrataense described from Peninsular Malaysia ( Takaoka et al. 2014b) in many characters including the number of male upper-eye facets and shape of the ventral plate in caudal view. However, it is distinguished from the latter two species by the dorsal triplet of the pupal gill filaments without their stalk or with an extremely short stalk (with their stalk nearly as long as the common stalk of the dorsal and middle triplet in the latter two species), from S. tamdaoense by the male fore basitarsus 7.9-8.3 times as long as its greatest width (6.8 times in S. tamdaoense ) and the outer margin of the pupal terminal hook 3.7-3.9 times as long as the inner margin (1.8-1.9 times in S. tamdaoense ), and from S. tanahrataense by the male first flagellomere of the antenna 1.8 times as long as the second (2.1 times in S. tanahrataense ), and male sensory vesicle 0.22-0.25 times length of third palpal segment (0.16-0.18 time in S. tanahrataense ).
The larva of this new species is similar in the body color pattern to S. (G.) sutheppuiense sp. nov. but is barely distinguished from the latter species by the labral fan with 23 or 24 primary rays (29 or 30 primary rays in S. (G.) sutheppuiense sp. nov.).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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