Trigonobalanus, Forman

Bartholomew, Bruce & Almeda, Frank, 2023, Nomenclator botanicus of Fagaceae in Latin America, Phytotaxa 580 (1), pp. 1921-1935 : 1921-1935

TRIGONOBALANUS Forman

Trigonobalanus excelsa Lozano, Hern.Cam. & Henao, Caldasia 12(60): 519 (1979). Type:— COLOMBIA, Huila: J. E. Henao S. et al. s. n. (Jan 1979) (Holotype: COL000000754 (image)!; isotype: COL (image)!). We here follow Kubitzki (1993), Govaerts & Frodin (1998), Christenhusz et al. (2017), and The World Flora Online (2022) in accepting a broadly circumscribed Trigonobalanus of three species that includes Colombobalanus .

Colombobalanus excelsa (Lozano, Hern.Cam. & Henao) Nixon & Crepet, Amer. J. Bot. 76(6): 841 (1989).

Distribution: Colombia.

EXCLUDED NAMES

Quercus candicans Neé, Anales Ci. Nat. 3: 277 (1801). Type:— MEXICO, Guerrero: L. Neé s. n. (1791) (Lectotype: MA25948! designated by Valencia-A. et al. (2018, p. 256); isolectotypes: MA!, UCSB (fragment)!). Valencia- A. et al. (2018) determined that the lectotype of Q. candicans is actually a Roldana La Llave (Asteraceae) . It is possible that the specimens at BM and G as well as the fragments at G and UCSB, all of which are Quercus , may be original material used in part by Neé for his description of Q. candicans rather than the specimen now at MA (Bartholomew & Almeda 2022). Because the leaf description by Neé seems to agree with that for a Roldana , the mixup in the collection may have been done by Neé himself.

Quercus dawsonii Trel., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17(4): 357 (1938). Type:— HONDURAS, Comayagua: T. G. Yuncker et al. 6378 (Holotype: ILL00007514!; isotypes: GH!, K!, MO!, UCSB (fragment)!). This type collection is probably a Meliosma (Sabiaceae) .

Quercus pertessellata Trel., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17(4): 357 (1938). Type:— HONDURAS, Comayagua: T. G. Yuncker et al. 6376 (Holotype: ILL00007607!; isotypes: GH!, MO!, NY!, UCSB (fragment)!). The type is not a Quercus but rather Billia hippocastanum Peyr. (Sapindaceae) determined by P.S. Green in Feb 1999.

Quercus ravenscroftiana A. Murray, Gard. Chron. 1866: 1018 (1866) . The only Quercus in South America is Q. humboldtii which occurs only in Colombia, and the illustration in Gard. Chron. is not that species. The description is of a sterile specimen, and there are no known extant specimens. It is quite likely that this is not even a Quercus .

APPENDIX 2. Latin American named hybrid taxa. See also Appendix 4 for non-type collections that probably involve hybridization.

Quercus × acutidens Torr., Rep. U.S. Mexico Bound., Bot. 2(1): 207, pl. 51 (1859). U.S.A. (California). C. C. Parry s. n. (1850) (Holotype NY002486802 (image)!; isotype NY (as image)!). The type collection is believed to involve hybridization between Q. cornelius-mulleri and Q. engelmannii (Nixon 1997, Govaerts & Frodin 1998).

Quercus dumosa Nutt. var. acutidens (Torr.) Wenz., Jahrb. K ̂nigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 204 (1884).

Quercus dumosa f. linearis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 117, pl. 205b (1924). Type:— MEXICO, Baja California: T. Brandegee s. n. (21 Apr 1893) (Holotype: A00055678 !). The type collection of this forma is apparently a hybrid with the same parentage as Q. × acutidens .

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California), U.S.A. (California).

Quercus × aerea Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 135, pl. 257 (1924). Type:— MEXICO, Chihuahua: C. G. Pringle 1570 (Holotype: GH00055630!; isotype: A!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. jonesii and Q. emoryi .

Quercus × knoblochii C.H.Mull., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 27(2): 475 (1942). Type:— MEXICO, Chihuahua: C. H. Muller 3600 (Holotype: US00089542!; isotypes: GH!, LL (image)!, UC!, UCSB (fragment)!). This hybrid epithet apparently involves the same parentage as Q. × aerea .

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora).

Quercus × apiophylla E.F.Warb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939 (2): 95 (1939). Type:— MEXICO, México: G. B. Hinton 6568 (Lectotype (designated here): K000512997!; isolectotypes: A!, BM!, CAS!, F!, G!, K!, NY!, UCSB (fragment)!). There are two specimens at K, both of which are annotated by E.F.Warburg as “Type.” This may be a hybrid between Q. calophylla and Q. acutifolia or Q. grahamii .

Distribution: Mexico ( México)

Quercus × basaseachicensis C.H.Mull., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 19(3): 582 (1938). Type:— MEXICO, Chihuahua: H. LeSueur 549 (Holotype: BH; isotypes: GH!, MO!, TEX (image)!, UC!). This species has been considered to be of hybrid origin between Q. depressipes and Q. rugosa (Govaerts & Frodin 1998, Villaseñor 2016). The type collection is similar to Q. emoryi , and additional study is necessary to clarify its hybrid status.

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora).

Quercus × duratifolia C.H.Mull., U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Misc. Publ. 477: 50, pl. 66, 67 (1942). Type:— MEXICO, Chiapas: E. Matuda 1827 (Holotype: A00055572!; isotypes: K!, MEXU!, MICH!, MO!, NY!, UCSB (fragment)!, VT!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. sapotifolia and Q. salicifolia .

Distribution: El Salvador, Mexico (Chiapas).

Quercus × galeottii M.Martens, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 220 (1843). Type:— MEXICO, Veracruz: H. Galeotti 126 (Lectotype: BR0000006912567! designated by Trelease (1924, p. 216, pl. 25); isolectotypes: BR!, G!, L!, LE!, P!, UCSB (fragment)!). Although M.Martens & Galeotti cite only one collection number, two sheets of which are at BR and marked as types; one of which was designated by Trelease as “The type.” The type collections apparently involve hybridization between Q. lancifolia and Q. insignis .

Distribution: Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz), Panama.

Quercus × graciliramis C.H.Mull., J. Arnold Arbor. 17(3): 177 (1936). Type:— MEXICO, Nuevo León: C. H. Muller & M. T. Muller 1106 (Holotype:A00055659!; isotypes: BM!, G!, MEXU!, NY!, P!, TEX (image)!, UCSB (fragment)!, US!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. gravesii and Q. xalapensis .

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León).

Quercus × manzanillana Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 80, pl. 116a (1924). Type:— MEXICO, Puebla: G. Arsène 5925 (Holotype: US 00089560!; isotypes: ILL!, MPU!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. diversifolia and Q. laeta .

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla, Querétaro).

Quercus × pastorensis C.H.Mull., J. Arnold Arbor. 17(3): 164 (1936). Type:— MEXICO, Nuevo León: C. H. Muller 1296 (Holotype: A00055618!; isotype: ILL!). This has been considered to be a hybrid between Q. glaucophylla and Q. laeta (Muller 1936) or between Q. laeta and Q. glaucoides (Gavaerts & Frodin 1998) , but according to Breedlove the parentage apprarently involves hybridization between Q. laceyi and Q. laeta .

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León).

Quercus × saltillensis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 183, pl. 368 (1924). Type:— MEXICO, Coahuila: E. Palmer 1277 (Holotype: GH00069924!; isotypes: A!, K!, MO!, NY!, US!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. depressa and Q. mexicana .

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León).

Quercus × sierramadrensis C.H.Mull., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 27(2): 478 (1942). Nom. nov. for Q. tenuiloba C.H. Mull. f. gracilis C.H. Mull. (1936) non Q. gracilis Korth. (1844) .

Quercus × tenuiloba nothof. gracilis C.H.Mull., J. Arnold Arbor. 17(3): 178 (1936). Type:— MEXICO, Nuevo León: C. H. Muller 2048 (Holotype: A00055646!; isotypes: CAS!, MO!, NY!, UCSB (fragment)!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. rysophylla and Q. canbyi .

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León).

Quercus × tenuiloba C.H.Mull., J. Arnold Arbor. 17(3): 178 (1936). Type:— MEXICO, Nuevo León: C. H. Muller & M. T. Muller 1125 (Holotype: A00055645!; isotypes: BM!, G!, ILL!, MO!, NY!, P!, PH!, UCSB (fragment)!, US!). The type collection apparently involves hybridization between Q. rysophylla and Q. xalapensis .

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León).