Temnomastax otavioi Olivier, 2019

Olivier, Renan S., Pujol-Luz, Cristiane V. A. & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2019, Review of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Eumastacidae, Temnomastacinae), Zootaxa 4593 (1), pp. 1-78 : 55-56

Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:499770

Figures 2 , 4F , 5F , 6F , 7G , 8F , 9E , 11B , 12F , 13F , 14F , 15F , 19B , 30 and 31A

Temnomastax sp. nov. 2, Olivier & Aranda 2018: 268 –275 (morphometric analysis).

Type-series. Holotype ♂—HOLOTYPE (printed on red paper)\ Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Estação UEMS, 20°28’S / 55°48’W, 6.XII.2012 (Pujol, C.V.A. & França, A.C. col.)\Doação Dra. Cristiane Pujol-UFMS, Sisbiota-Diptera [ZUFMSORT00136] ; Allotype ♀ — ALLOTYPE (printed on red paper)\ Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Estação UEMS, 20°28’S / 55°48’W, 6.XII.2012 (Pujol, C.V.A. & França, A.C. col.)\Doação Dra. Cristiane Pujol-UFMS, Sisbiota-Diptera [ZUFMSORT00134] ; 10 Paratypes ♂ — PARATYPE (printed on yellow paper)\ Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Estação UEMS, 20°28’S / 55°48’W, 6.XII.2012 (Pujol, C.V.A. & França, A.C. col.)\Doação Dra. Cristiane Pujol-UFMS, Sisbiota-Diptera [ZUFMSORT00135, 137–143, 144, 145]; 1 Paratype ♂ — PARATYPE (printed on yellow paper) Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Paxixi , 20°27’01.4”S / 55°37’16.4”W, 383 m, 6.III.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.) [ZUFMSORT00146] ; 1 Paratype ♂ — PARATYPE (printed on yellow paper)\ Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Paxixi , 20°27’01.4”S / 55°37’16.4”W, 383 m, 7.III.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.) [ZUFMSORT00147]

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Type-locality. Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Depository. Holotype, Allotype, and nine Paratypes ♂: Coleção Zoológica de Referência da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil. Three Paratypes ♂: Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Etymology. Specific epithet in memoriam Dr. Otávio Froehlich, Professor of Zoology at the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul and an admirable person who did not limit his teaching to science, but extended it to ethics, charisma and respect.

Diagnosis. Medium (♂  19.61 mm, ♀ = 27.54 mm). Like T. descampsi sp. nov., this species exhibits a unique combination of characteristics that distinguish it from the other three species of Tigris group. Male and female tegmina reaching the 3 rd abdominal tergite and narrower than in the other three species. Dorsal edge of male cerci with slight and uniform curvature, not so marked as in T. ricardoi and T. tigris , its apex less curved inward than these two species, and without odontiform process as in T. descampsi sp. nov. Male subgenital plate almost perpendicular to the main body axis. Central more sclerotized portion of the posterior region of epiphallus with an acute process projecting backward and downward. Posterior margin of female subgenital plate markedly subtriangular.

Description. Male. ( Figure 19B ). HOLOTYPE \ Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Estação UEMS, 20°28’S / 55°48’W, 6.XII.2012 (Pujol, C.V.A. & França, A.C. col.)\Doação Dra. Cristiane Pujol-UFMS, Sisbiota-Diptera [ZUFMSORT00136]. Measurements (mm): bd 20.67, pt 2.83, tg 6.56, hf 15.75, ht 16.91.— Head: Subtriangular in frontal view ( Figure 4F ). Antenna (3.50 mm). Fastigium (0.36 mm). Eyes slightly protruding in frontal view ( Figure 4F ). Frons, clypeus and labrum yellow ( Figure 4F ). Mandibular joints brown. Base of maxillae blackish. Mandibles yellow. Thorax: Pronotum: Slightly sellate, ⅓ posterior upward curved in lateral view ( Figure 6F ). Posterior margin of pronotal disk rounded ( Figure 6f ). Thoracic sternites yellow. Wings: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.41). Tegmina ellipsoidal; costal margin uniform and anal margin slightly narrower in the medio-distal region; reaching the median portion of the 3 rd abdominal tergite (2.0x the pronotum length); Rp arising from Ra in the medio-distal region; M simple, rectilinear, reaching the apex; 1Cu sinuous, reaching the apex; 2Cu reduced; 1A and 2A well marked, 3A reduced ( Figure 7G ). Membranous wings with four lobes when extended (remigium + three anal lobes); M arising in the medio-proximal region of R+M with angulation greater than 45 degrees; 1Cu fused to VD in the median region; 1A–3A well marked, 4A reduced; 1a and 2a well marked, 3a weakly marked ( Figure 7g ). Legs (Right/Left): Ventral face of protibiae with 8/8 outer spines and 8/6 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 7/8 outer spines and 8/7 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/24 inner spines and 23/23 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 2.5x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Posterior-ventral regions of the 9 th and 10 th abdominal tergites as in the Figure 8F . Epiproct broad basally, lateral margins folded sharply downward, ⅓ apically trigonal, apex acute ( Figure 8f ). Cerci laterally compressed, dorsal edge with slight and uniform curvature, ventral edge almost rectilinear, apical region little narrower than remainder of the cercus and apex slightly curved inward ( Figure 9E ). Subgenital plate almost perpendicular to the main body axis and slightly projected backward in lateral view ( Figure 8F ); membranous distal area fusiform horizontally and distinctly rugose; one central and two lateral carinae distinct. Phallic complex: Epiphallus: More sclerotized median portion in the posterior region with an acute process projected backward and slightly curved downward ( Figure 11B ); posterior region with upward curvature in lateral view ( Figure 11b ). Endophallus: Outer margin in the anterior region of endophallic plate trilobed, similar to T. monnei sp. nov., but lateral lobes closer to the central lobe; inner arc seemingly triangular; branches slightly convergent in the posterior half, but tips markedly divergent in ventral view ( Figure 12F ); slight ventral curvature in the medium anterior region in lateral view ( Figure 12f ); spermatophore sac as in the Figure 12f ; ejaculatory sac almost globoid, slightly projected forward ( Figure 12f ).

Female. ( Figure 19B ). ALLOTYPE \ Temnomastax otavioi sp. nov. (Renan Olivier det. IV.2017)\ Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Estação UEMS, 20°28’S / 55°48’W, 6.XII.2012 (Pujol, C.V.A. & França, A.C. col.)\Doação Dra. Cristiane Pujol-UFMS, Sisbiota-Diptera [ZUFMSORT00143]. Measurements (mm): bd 27.54, pt 2.57, tg 5.43, hf 15.27, ht 16.23.— Head : Antenna (2.61 mm). Fastigium (0.37 mm). Thorax : Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.35). Tegmina reaching the proximal region of the 3 rd abdominal tergite (1.6x the pronotum length), ¾ proximal of costal margin slightly convex and ⅓ distal narrower, apex rounded. Ventral face of protibiae with 7/8 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. PrTm 1 with approximately 2.0x the length of PrTm 2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 7/8 outer spines and 8/8 inner spines. MsTm 1 with approximately 1.5x the length of MsTm 2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/24 inner spines and 23/23 outer spines. MtTm 1 with approximately 2.5x the length of MtTm 2. Abdomen : Posterior-ventral regions of the 8 th abdominal tergite with few cuticular striations ( Figure 13F ). Epiproct as in the Figure 14F . Paraprocts with the same length of epiproct. Cerci with little more than ½ of the epiproct length ( Figure 14F ). Subgenital plate: Lateral regions partially covered by the ventral portions of the 8 th abdominal tergite ( Figure 15F ); posterolateral regions not exceeding the length of the 8 th abdominal tergite in lateral view ( Figure 13F ); posterior margin definitely trigonal, lateral portions converging uniformly to a small central protrusion, fully coated by spines; surface entirely smooth ( Figure 15F ). Ovipositor as in the Figure 13F . Other characters as in male.

Sexual dimorphism. hf ♀ / hf ♂ 1.10.

Measurements (mm). ♂ (n=13). bd 17.18–21.02 (19.61), pr 2.23–2.83 (2.52), tg 5.19–6.56 (5.71), hf 13.83– 15.75 (14.44), ht 14.42–16.92 (15.45); ♀ (n=1). bd 27.54, pr 2.57, tg 5.44, hf 15.27, ht 16.21.

Intraspecific variation. Sometimes, the posterior margin of pronotal disk less rounded and more angulated (acute). Male tegmen may reach the median region of the 4 th abdominal tergite. Membranous area of male subgenital plate may have only one well-marked central carina.

Material examined. Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul state: 13 ♂ and 1 ♀ of the type-series; 5 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana , 31.X.2010 (Correa, C.M.A. col.)\ Pitfall trap \ Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ T. otavioi Olivier, Olivier, R. det. 2017 [ZUFMSORT00148–152].

Distribution. Known only from the Serra de Maracaju region at altitudes ranging from 185 m to 383 m ( Figure 30 ).

Biological notes. Many specimens were attracted by sardine baits in a Shannon trap, while others were collected using a Pitfall trap and cattle feces as baits.

Remarks. Habitat: Specimens were collected in cerrado phytophysiognomy and in a transition zone between Semideciduous Seasonal Forest and cerrado in the Serra de Maracaju. The Figure 31A shows an individual alive.

Occurrence: Syntopic to T. hamus in the Serra de Maracaju (Mato Grosso do Sul).

Figures

FIGURE 2. General scheme for structures of phallic complex of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942, based on Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. A—dorsal view, B—lateral view. ANT—anterior region; POS—posterior region. MbEp—central membrane of epiphallus; LREp—lateral region of epiphallus; LPjEp—lateral projection of epiphallus; EnP—endophallic plate; EcS—ectophallic sclerite; MbEc—ectophallic membrane; GnAp—genital aperture.

FIGURE 4. Head of males and females in frontal view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 2 mm (Female E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photo by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 5. Head of males and females in lateral view. Black spot = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Pronotum of males and females in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C— Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Tegmen (uppercase letters) and membranous wings (lowercase letters) of males of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. A—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); E—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Bodoquena region; F—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. Ra—anterior radius; Rp—posterior radius; Sc-cell—formed by the division and posterior union of the subcosta (Sc). Apostropheintraspecific variation. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Abdominal apex of males in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 9. Cercus of male (A–G) and female (H) of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. Columns from left to right show dorsal view, external lateral view, ventral view, and internal lateral view. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B and H—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; G—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Phallic complexes of species belonging to Tigris group. Uppercase letters—dorsal view, lowercase letterslateral view, apostrophe—dorsal view of the posterior region of epiphallus inclined 45° downward. A—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; B—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). MbOrEp—Membranous ornamentation on lateral projections of epiphallus. Scale bar = 1 mm (for dorsal view only).

FIGURE 12. Schematic drawings of the endophallic plate in ventral view (A–I) and endophallus in lateral view (a–h). A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). I and i— Intraspecific variation in the anterior outer margin of the endophallic plate in T. tigris; I—specimens from Corumbá region; ispecimens from Bodoquena region. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Abdominal apex of females in lateral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 14. Abdominal apex of females in dorsal view (cerci, paraprocts, and epiproct). A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio- Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G— Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 1 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 15. Female subgenital plates in ventral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Gilio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 19. Habitus of species belonging to Tigris group. A—Paratype and Allotype of Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; B—Paratype and Allotype of Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899) from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 1 cm. (Female A—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 30. Distribution map of Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov. (blue triangle), Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899) (black circle) and Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. (red rhombus).

FIGURE 31. Male specimens alive. A—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. from Cera Archaeological Site of UEMS, Aquidauana City, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in December 2017; and B—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 in nature from Estância Sossego, Campo Grande City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in December 2013. (Photography by Andressa Figueiredo (A) and Renan Olivier (B)).