Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942

Olivier, Renan S., Pujol-Luz, Cristiane V. A. & Graciolli, Gustavo, 2019, Review of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Eumastacidae, Temnomastacinae), Zootaxa 4593 (1), pp. 1-78 : 38-46

Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:39958

Figures 4B , 5B , 6B , 7B , 8B , 9B , 10B , 12B , 13B , 14B , 15B , 16 , 18B , 20 B–D, 22, 26 and 27

Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn 1942: 12 (identification key), 16 ( Figures 2 and 8 ), 18 (original description); Liebermann 1955: 333 (citation); Descamps 1973b: 965 (records), 966 (Figure 60), 968 (Figure 66), 1973b: 278 (Figure 395), 1982: 161 (records); Mesa & Mello 1984: 367 –372 (cytogenetic); Matt et al. 2008: 52 (citation); Olivier 2014: 457 (citation), 460 ( Figure 12 and identification key), 2017: 235 (citation); Olivier & Aranda 2017: 1 –12 (geographical distribution analysis), 2018: 268–275 (morphometric analysis).

Type locality. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lassance , 9–19.XI.1919 (Cornell University Expedition; R.G. Harris)— holotype ♂ [Type no.5625] and 1 paratype ♂.

Depository. Holotype: Entomology Collection at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Dextrel University, Philadelphia, United States of America.

Etymology. Specific epithet alludes to the male cerci curved inward with hook-shape (from Latin. hamus , ‘hook’) ( Rehn & Rehn 1942).

Diagnosis. Small (♂  16.49 mm, ♀  22.51 mm). Close to T. borellii , but differs by the less protruding eyes of male. Larger male tegmina, reaching the 3 rd abdominal tergite. M diverging from R+M with angulation greater than 45 degrees on tegmen. Male cerci hook-shaped, larger than epiproct in dorsal view and its apex very prolonged. Posterior region of epiphallus inverted W-shaped and not markedly trigonal in the median portion. Inner margins of LREp more rectilinear. Female subgenital plate with lateral portions of posterior margin sigmoid and apex acute, spines present.

Redescription. Male ( Figure 18B ). Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’01”S / 53°37’16.4”W, 383 m, 04.III.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00247]. Measurements (mm): bd 15.51, pt 1.85, tg 3.28, hf 12.06, ht 13.03.— Head: Subtriangular in frontal view ( Figure 4B ). Antennae (3.36 mm). Fastigium (0.30 mm). Eyes moderately protruding in frontal view ( Figure 4B ). Frons metallic blue. Clypeus and labrum yellow ( Figure 4B ). Mandibular joints brown. Mouthparts yellow. Thorax: Pronotum: Slightly sellate as in T. borellii ( Figure 6B ). Pronotal disk blackish with blue maculae and yellow spots; posterior margin centrally fissured ( Figure 6b ). Thoracic sternites metallic blue. Wings: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.27). Tegmina elliptical; reaching the proximal region of the 3 rd abdominal tergite (1.7x the pronotum length); Ra simple, reaching the apex; M simple, sinuous, reaching the apex; 1Cu not fused to M; 1A well marked, 2A weakly marked, and 3A reduced ( Figure 7B ). Membranous wings with two lobes when extended (remigium + one anal lobe), both similar in size; Sc-cell present, similar to T. borellii ; M diverging from R+M in the proximal region with angulation greater than 45 degrees; VD fused to i; 1A and 2A present, 3A reduced; 1a present ( Figure 7b ). Legs (Right/Left): Ventral face of protibiae with 8/8 outer spines and 6/6 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 7/7 outer spines and 8/7 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/24 inner spines and 25/23 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.5x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Posterior-ventral regions of the 9 th and 10 th abdominal tergites as in the Figure 8B . Proximal region of epiproct broad, lateral margins folded sharply downward, ⅓ distal sharply convergent and apex acute ( Figure 8b ). Cerci exceeding the length of epiproct in dorsal view ( Figures 8b and 26 A—detail); robust at the base and compressed medio-apically; sharply curved inward and prolonged; hook-shaped ( Figure 9B ). Abdominal sternites yellow. Membranous distal area of subgenital plate trigonal; a central carina distinct. Posterior margin of subgenital plate moderately projected backward in lateral view ( Figure 8B ). Apex of abdomen subcircular in axial view. Phallic complex: Epiphallus: Posterior region with inverted W-shape, but the more sclerotized median portion not markedly trigonal as in T. borellii in dorsal view; inner margins of LREp more rectilinear; MbEp with three rounded angles medio-posteriorly in dorsal view; angles between LPjEp and convergent sclerotized branches of posterior region obtuse in dorsal view ( Figure 10B ); LPjEp shorter than in T. borellii ; posterior region without upward curvature in lateral view ( Figure 10b ). Endophallus: Outer margin in the anterior region of endophallic plate bilobed, similar to T. borellii , but apex of lobes closer from each other; inner arc seemingly triangular; branches slightly divergent in the posterior half, tips parallel in ventral view ( Figure 12B ); slight ventral curvature in the median region in lateral view ( Figure 12b ); spermatophore sac as in Figure 12b ; ejaculatory sac projected forward, uniform throughout its length, except for the wider proximal region, distal apex rounded ( Figure 12b ).

Female ( Figure 18B ). Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’41”S /55°15’60”W, 201 m, 24.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00306]. Measurements (mm): bd 21.87, pt 2.21, tg 3.15, hf 12.64, ht 13.69.— Head: Antennae (2.46 mm). Fastigium (0.32 mm). Thorax: Brachypterous (tg / hf 0.25). Tegmina reaching the proximal region of the 2 nd abdominal tergite (1.5x the pronotum length). Ventral face of protibiae with 8/8 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of PrTm2. Ventral face of mesotibiae with 8/7 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 1.5x the length of MsTm2. Dorsal face of metatibia with 24/23 inner spines and 26/25 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.5x the length of MtTm2. Abdomen: Ventroposterior regions of the 8 th abdominal tergite with few cuticular striations ( Figure 13B ). Epiproct as in the Figure 14B . Length of paraprocts subequal to the epiproct. Cerci reaching the distal ⅓ of epiproct ( Figure 14B ). Subgenital plate: Lateral regions partially covered by the ventral portions of the 8 th abdominal tergite ( Figure 15B ); posterior-lateral regions not exceeding the length of the 8 th abdominal tergite in lateral view ( Figure 13B ); lateral portions of posterior margin sigmoid and converging to an acute central apex in ventral view, spines absent; surface entirely smooth ( Figure 15B ). Ovipositor as in the Figure 13B . Other characters as in male.

Sexual dimorphism. hf ♀ / hf ♂ 1.14.

Measurements (mm). ♂ (n=64). bd 15.17–20.40 (16.49), pr 1.61–2.53 (2.05), tg 2.83–4.45 (3.55), hf 9.43– 13.87 (11.95), ht 9.97–14.45 (12.66); ♀ (n=17). bd 20.27–24.46 (22.51), pr 2.02–2.51 (2.28), tg 2.82–4.02 (3.43), hf 10.89–15.20 (13.61), ht 11.67–16.11 (14.69).

T. hamus (holotype ♂). bd 13.80*, pr 2.44, tg 2.93, hf 13.60, ht? ( Rehn & Rehn 1942);

T. hamus (allotype ♀). bd 14.50*, pr 2.28, tg 3.09, hf 12.70, ht? ( Rehn & Rehn 1942);

*apex of abdomen curved upward.

Intraspecific variation. Lateral lobes of pronotum may exhibit yellow maculae in the ventroposterior region, mainly in females ( Figure 16A ). Commonly, pinned females have a central yellow stripe on the pronotal disk, although not well marked as observed in specimens of the Tigris group. Membranous wings may have 1a reduced. Male subgenital plate may exhibit a weak central carina or have a central carina well marked and two lateral carinae weakly marked or absent. Dorsal and ventral valves of the ovipositor vary considerably in the number and shape of teeth in a same population.

Material examined. Brazil: Goiás state: 2 ♀ — Brasil, Goiás, Mineiros, II.1979 (O.Roppa)\Coleção Campos Seabra\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [MNRJ]; 2 ♂ — Brazil, Goiás, 15–30Km E Minieros, 07–09.III.1980 (Roppa, Carbonell & Roberts)\Nome correto da localidade Mineiros, Goiás, Brasil \Coleção Campos Seabra\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [MNRJ]; Mato Grosso state: 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso, Cáceres, 16°3’4.5”S / 57°41’6”W, 123 m, 18.XI.2015 (Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00353]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, Serra da Petrovina, VIII.1979 (O. Roppa & M.A. Monné)\Coleção Campos Seabra\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [MNRJ]; Mato Grosso do Sul state: 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Pasto 2, Transecto 3, Ponto 1, 30.X.2010 (Correa, C.M.A. col.)\Pitfall trap\Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00210]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, 31.X.2010 (Correa, C.M.A. col.)\Pitfall trap\Doação UFV-UFMS, SISBIOTA Brasil, Biota de Orthoptera do Brasil \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00211, 212]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Estação UEMS, 20°28’S / 55°48’W, 06.XII.2012 (Pujol, C.V. & França, A.C. col.)\Shannon trap\Doação Dra. Cristiane Pujol-UFMS, Sisbiota Diptera\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00243, 244]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’01”S / 55°37’16.4”W, 383 m, 04.III.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00247]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’01”S / 55°37’16.4”W, 383 m, 06.III.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00248]; 3 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’01”S / 55°37’16.4”W, 383 m, 07.III.2013 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00249–251]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS419, 20°11’06”S / 55°43’28”W, 170 m, 22.XII.2015 (Tencatt, L.F. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00470]; 1 ♀ and 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Piraputanga, 20°27’23.39”S / 55°30’5.19”W, 180 m, 29.I.2016 (Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00432, 469b]; 7 ♂ and 4 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Pousada Aguapé, 20°06’46.2”S / 55°57’47.5”W, 129 m, 10.II.2016 (Aranda, R. & Catian, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00427– 430, 439–444, 464]; 2 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Taboco, 20°4’6.91”S / 55°38’38.36”W, 150 m, 13.II.2016 (Aranda, R. & Catian, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00445, 446]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Santa Maria, 20°16’15.1”S / 55°43’41.8”W, 185 m, 16.II.2016 (Aranda, R. & Catian, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00462, 473, 474]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, 20°13’36.77”S / 55°51’49.43”W, 140 m, 24.II.2016 (Aoki, C. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00463]; 6 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’3.93”S / 55°37’17.02”W, 389 m, 10.III.2016 (Olivier, R., Aranda, R. & Mello, E. col.)\Citogenética 19, 20, 21\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00433–435, 447, 448, 451]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’3.93”S / 55°37’17.02”W, 389 m, 10.III.2016 (Olivier, R., Aranda, R. & Mello, E. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016\ZUFMSORT00449 [Donated to INPA]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’3.93”S / 55°37’17.02”W, 389 m, 10.III.2016 (Olivier, R., Aranda, R. & Mello, E. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016\ZUFMSORT00450 [Donated to UNEMAT]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. Paxixi, 20°27’2.05”S / 55°37’17.73”W, 370 m, 31.VIII.2016 (Olivier, R.,Chamorro, J. & Oliveira, A.F. col.)\Espécime sub-adulto coletado/Adulto obtido entre os dias 12–16.IX.2016 \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00641]; 5 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Camisão, M. do Paxixi, 20°27’00”S / 55°37’20.8”W, 349 m, 04.III.2017 (Olivier, R. & Chamorro J. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2017 [ZUFMSORT00634–638]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Anhanduí/Campo Grande, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, 21°06’04”S / 54°22’39”W, 385 m, 24.XII.2015 (Severo Neto, F. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00437]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bandeirantes, 19°55’04”S / 54°21’50”W, 610 m, 07.III.2014 (Piva, A. col.)\Isca p/ pequenos mamíferos\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00278]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 03.VIII.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00213]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 08.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00214]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 13.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00215]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 14.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00216, 217]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/ 54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 15.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00218]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 16.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00219]; 3 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 17.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00220–223]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 18.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00224, 225]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/ 54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 20.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00226]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 22.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00227, 228]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 23.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00229]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 24.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00230, 231]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 26.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00232]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/ 54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 27.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00235]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 28.IV.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00236, 237]; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 26.VII.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00233, 234]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 28.VII.2011 (Lubas, A.G. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Rattus norvegicus \ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00238]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°30’43.10”S / 54°36’55.66”W, 550 m, 29.I.2012 (Aranda, R. col.)\Malaise trap\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00239]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/ 54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 26.I.2013 (Olivier, R.S. & Cavalcante, E. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00245]; 10 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/ 54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 06.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00252–261]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 07.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00262]; 3 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 0 8.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00263, 264, 305]; 5 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 09.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00265–269]; 3 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 10.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00270–272]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 12.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00273]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/ 54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 13.III.2013 (Santos, T.M. col.)\Pitfall trap, Isca Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00274]; 5 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 12.I. 2014 (Inone, S.A. col.)\Shannon P2, Carcaça de Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00319–323]; 4 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 12.I. 2014 (Inone, S.A. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00456–459]; 15 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 17.I.2014 (Inone, S.A. col.)\Shannon P2, Carcaça de Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00324–338]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 18.I. 2014 (Inone, S.A. col.)\Shannon P1 Carcaça de Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00339]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°50’95.96”S/54°61’57.84”W, 550 m, 22.I. 2014 (Inone, S.A. col.)\Shannon P2 Carcaça de Canis sp.\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00340]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°30’26”S / 54°36’23”W, 550 m, 0 4.III.2014 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00277]; 2 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°30’28”S / 54°37’01.33”W, 550 m, 10.VI.2015 (Olivier R., Chamorro J., Mello E. & Monteiro U. col.)\Citogenética 02\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00304, 341]; 3 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°30’28”S / 54°37’01.33”W, 550 m, 10.VI.2015 (Olivier R., Chamorro J., Mello E. & Monteiro U. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00317]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UFMS, 20°30’32.3”S / 54°36’57.4”W, 09.XI.2016 (Olivier R. & Chamorro-Rengifo J. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00642]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UCDB, 20°24’54.23”S / 54°36’54.36”W, 630 m, 23.II.2012 (Aranda, R. col.)\Malaise trap\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00240]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, RPPN UCDB, 20°24’37.16”S / 54°36’54.89”W, 630 m, 08.VIII.2012 (Aranda, R. col.)\Malaise trap\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2013 [ZUFMSORT00241]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Parq. Segredo, 20°23’29.27”S / 54°35’26.42”W, 08.III.2012 (Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00431]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Camo Grande, Parq. Segredo, 20°23’31.37”S / 54°35’44.92”W, 23.VIII.2012 (Aranda, R. col.)\Malaise trap\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00242]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Chácara dos Poderes, Próx. Córr. Coqueiro, 20°25’22.75”S / 54°32’14.88”W, 624 m, 24.VII.2015 (Olivier, R., Mello, E. & Monteiro, U. col.)\Citogenética 04\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00342]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Chácara dos Poderes, Próx. Córr. Coqueiro, 20°25’22.75”S / 54°32’14.88”W, 624 m, 24.VII.2015 (Olivier, R., Mello, E. & Monteiro, U. leg.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00343]; 2 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, P. dos Poderes (PMA), Prox. Córrego Revellion, 20°26’57.95”S / 54°34’00.06”W, 607 m, 08.VIII.2015 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00318, 345]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, P. dos Poderes (PMA), Prox. Córrego Revellion, 20°26’57.95”S / 54°34’00.06”W, 607 m, 08.VIII.2015 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\Citogenética 03\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00344]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corguinho, Taboco, 19°45’47.83”S / 55°13’5.04”W, 360 m, 09–18.I.2016 (Justino, M.H. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00438]; 1 ♂ and 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Nhecolândia, Fazenda Leque, 19°13’55.96”S / 57°0’50.74”W, 93 m, 14–17.I.2016 (Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00436, 467]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Fazenda Leque, 19°45’02”S / 57°01’22”W, 96 m, 16.I.2016 (Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00468]; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, Cachoeira das Palmeiras II, Próx. Rio Taquari, 18°21’44.85”S / 54°36’52.85”W, 223 m, 6 e 7.XI.2015 (Olivier, R.S. & Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00346, 347]; 2 ♂, 4 ♀, and 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jaraguari, Furnas do Dionísio, 20°8’55.98”S / 54°34’6.56”W, 468 m, 13.XI.2015 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00348–352, 454, 455]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jaraguari, Furnas do Dionísio, 20°8’55.98”S / 54°33’39.53”W, 488 m, 13.XI.2015 (Olivier, R.S. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00452]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jaraguari, Furnas do Dionísio, 20°9’48.62”S / 54°33’39.56”W, 495 m, 23.XII.2015 (Olivier, R., Chamorro, J. & Monteiro, U. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00453]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Jaraguari, Furnas do Dionísio, 20°10’25.83”S / 54°34’40.46”W, 15.IX.2016 (Araujo, D., Souza, L.H.B. & Silva, B.C. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00639, 640]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 22°09’22.5”S / 53°28’02.2”W, 415 m, 23.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00302]; 6 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 22°09’22.5”S / 53°28’02.2”W, 415 m, 23.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00312]; 6 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 22°11’52.7”S / 53°29’32.6”W, 325 m, 23.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00313]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 22°10’07.5”S / 53°29’09.8”W, 345 m, 23.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00314]; 2 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 22°09’22.5”S / 53°28’02.2”W, 556 m, 23.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00315]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 20°09’22.5”S / 53°28’02.2”W, 417 m, 24.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00303]; 2 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, 20°09’22.5”S / 53°28’02.0”W, 417 m, 24.IV.2015 (Olivier, R. & Dornelles, G. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00316]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Faz. Dona Amélia, -22.16689888/-53.45805645, 396 m, 0 3.III.2016 (Sinani, T.R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2016 [ZUFMSORT00461]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pantanal Miranda, Faz. São João, 19°23’56.43”S / 57°2’9.71”W, 90 m, 04.III.2013 (Aranda, R. col.)\Malaise trap\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [ZUFMSORT00246]; 2 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Faz. Hiroo Omoda, 20°27’55.96”S / 55°7’1.97”W, I–IV.2013 (Sato, T.P. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00275, 276]; 1 ♂ and 2 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’23”S / 55°15’02”W, 200–220 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00279, 284, 285]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’18”S / 55°14’60”W, 198 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00280]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, and 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’31”S / 55°15’00”W, 198–200 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00281, 283, 286, 307]; 1 ♀ and 3 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’36”S / 55°15’00”W, 200 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00282, 308]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’18”S /55°14’60”W, 198 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00287]; 2 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’26”S / 55°15’01”W, 200 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00288, 291]; 3 nymphs—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’51”S / 55°14’60”W, 200 m, 23.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00289, 290, 292]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’37”S / 55°15’00”W, 208 m, 24.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00309]; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’37”S / 55°15’00”W, 208 m, 24.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00293, 294]; 1 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’41”S /55°15’60”W, 201 m, 24.IV.2014 (Oliver, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00306]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’16”S / 55°14’57”W, 198 m, 25.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00310]; 4 ♂ and 2 ♀ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’16”S / 55°14’57”W, 198 m, 25.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00295–300]; 1 nymph—Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’16”S / 55°14’57”W, 198 m, 26.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00311]; 1 ♂ — Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Terenos, Noara, 20°17’16”S / 55°14’57”W, 198 m, 26.IV.2014 (Olivier, R.S. & Aranda, R. col.)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [ZUFMSORT00301]; Minas Gerais state: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil, Minas Gerais, Curvelo, XI.1977 (O. Roppa)\Coleção Campos Seabra\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [MNRJ]; Pará state: 1 ♀ — Brasil, Pará, São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra das Andorinhas, 06–10.XII.2013 (F.S. Carvalho)\ T. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [MPEG].

Distribution. Temnomastax hamus has the largest geographical distribution within the genus, occurring in almost the entire Cerrado. The species is recorded from the extreme southeast of Pará to Mato Grosso do Sul and from Paraguay to São Paulo, at altitudes ranging from 90 m to 670 m ( Figure 22 ). Previous records: Brazil: Goiás: Mineiros; Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Cuiabá, Diamantino, Jaciara; Mato Grosso do Sul: Pedro Gomes (?) (Córrego Boa Vista); Minas Gerais: Curvelo, Lassance, Pirapora; São Paulo: Itirapina, Pereira Barreto; Paraguay: Dep. San Pedro: Carayaó/Unión; Dep. Caaguazu: Caaguazu, Carayaó; Dep. Paraguari: Sapucaí.

Biological notes. Many of the specimens studied were collected on pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus), rat ( Rattus norvegicus ), dog ( Canis lupus domesticus ), sardine bait, bovine stomach, baits for small mammals, and feces of human and swine. Some other specimens, mainly nymphs, were collected on host plants: Anadenanthera falcata , Anadenanthera peregrina , Acacia plumosa , Senegalia polyphylla , Mimosa hebecarpa (Fabaceae) , and Adenaria floribunda (Lythraceae) ( Figures 20 B–D).

Remarks. Morphometry: One male specimen from the Pantanal had larger measurements than the average for males of the species (bd 20.40 mm, pr 2.31 mm, tg 4.13 mm, hf 13.87 mm, and ht 14.45 mm), all similar to average values obtained for females. A possible explanation for this record is based on the provenance of the specimen: the Pantanal floodplain. In this region, the amount of resources can be markedly higher than in other regions, possibly influencing the development of the individual. Descamps (1973b) highlights the difference between body measurements of males and females of T. hamus based on specimens from Paraguay and Brazil. The body structures in the specimen from Paraguay were, on average, 2–3 millimeters larger than those from the Brazilian specimen.

Occurrence: Species syntopic to T. latens in the type locality (Lassance County, Minas Gerais) and to T. otavioi sp. nov. in the Serra de Maracaju (Mato Grosso do Sul) .

Reproductive behavior (in captivity): On July 23, 2015, a coupling was noticed between two specimens at 1:00 p.m. Beginning time of the coupling was not obtained, but it ended at 2:00 p.m. Figure 16B shows these specimens, and Figure 26B is a natural coupling of the same species. After eight days, on August 1, 2015, early in the morning, some oviposition tests were noticed. The female walked slowly and inserted the abdomen obliquely at ground level (vermiculite) several times. For insertion of the abdomen into the substrate, the ovipositor's valves moved as a forceps (opening and closing), forming a space in the sediment. Additionally, contractions and expansions of the abdomen were performed. At this time, the abdominal volume was approximately doubled. On the same day, the first oviposition was performed, and for this, the abdomen was inserted perpendicular to ground level and more deeply. Above ground, only the two pairs of anterior and medial legs remained, supporting the individual, and the hind legs with contracted tibiae ( Figures 27 A–C). By the abdominal movements already mentioned, a chamber was formed internally in the sediment, where the eggs were deposited. The first ovipositions lasted 30 minutes, while the latter lasted around 12 minutes. After the ovipositions ended, the female slowly moved forward, and the abdomen was then extracted from the ground. With pinched movements of the ovipositor's valves and lateral movements of the abdomen, the female displaced sediment over the opening made in the soil. The hind legs were rarely used for the closure of the chamber, and this behavior lasted approximately 6 minutes. After oviposition, the abdominal volume returned to practically normal. A video of the oviposition was recorded and deposited in the ZUFMS database with the same voucher as that of the female specimen [ZUFMSORT00341].

Table 1 shows the data of all registered ovipositions in captivity for this female specimen. The female's natural death occurred on November 4, 2015, indicating a life cycle of more than 130 days (only adulthood). Information regarding the incubation time of eggs was not possible to obtain (see discussion).

Figures

FIGURE 2. General scheme for structures of phallic complex of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942, based on Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. A—dorsal view, B—lateral view. ANT—anterior region; POS—posterior region. MbEp—central membrane of epiphallus; LREp—lateral region of epiphallus; LPjEp—lateral projection of epiphallus; EnP—endophallic plate; EcS—ectophallic sclerite; MbEc—ectophallic membrane; GnAp—genital aperture.

FIGURE 4. Head of males and females in frontal view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 2 mm (Female E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photo by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 5. Head of males and females in lateral view. Black spot = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Pronotum of males and females in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C— Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr,1899). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Tegmen (uppercase letters) and membranous wings (lowercase letters) of males of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. A—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; D—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); E—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Bodoquena region; F—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov. Ra—anterior radius; Rp—posterior radius; Sc-cell—formed by the division and posterior union of the subcosta (Sc). Apostropheintraspecific variation. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Abdominal apex of males in lateral (uppercase letters) and dorsal (lowercase letters) views. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D— Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 9. Cercus of male (A–G) and female (H) of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942. Columns from left to right show dorsal view, external lateral view, ventral view, and internal lateral view. Black spots = absence of vision plane. A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B and H—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; G—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Phallic complexes of species belonging to Latens group. Uppercase letters—dorsal view, lowercase letterslateral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm (for dorsal view only).

FIGURE 12. Schematic drawings of the endophallic plate in ventral view (A–I) and endophallus in lateral view (a–h). A— Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). I and i— Intraspecific variation in the anterior outer margin of the endophallic plate in T. tigris; I—specimens from Corumbá region; ispecimens from Bodoquena region. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Abdominal apex of females in lateral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 2 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 14. Abdominal apex of females in dorsal view (cerci, paraprocts, and epiproct). A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio- Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E—Temnomastax descampsi Olivier sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G— Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H—Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899). Scale bar = 1 mm. (E—MNHN-EO-CAELIF 4052, photography by Simon Poulain, CNRS-MNHN).

FIGURE 15. Female subgenital plates in ventral view. A—Temnomastax borellii (Gilio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov.; E— Temnomastax descampsi sp. nov.; F—Temnomastax otavioi Olivier sp. nov.; G—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973; H— Temnomastax tigris (Burr, 1899), specimen from Corumbá region. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 16. A—Female of Temnomastax cf. hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 from Morro Agudo, São Paulo, Brazil; note the yellow macula in the ventroposterior region on lateral lobe of the pronotum. B—Couple of Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in captivity; note the different body dimensions between the sexes and the distinct color (yellow) on the 7 th and 8 th abdominal tergites of male and 7 th abdominal tergite of female. (Photography by Marcos Cesar Campis (A) and Lívia Cordeiro (B)).

FIGURE 18. Habitus of species belonging to Latens group. A—Temnomastax borellii (Giglio-Tos, 1897); B—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942; C—Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942; D—Holotype and Allotype of Temnomastax monnei Olivier sp. nov. Scale bar = 1cm.

FIGURE 20. Nymphs of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 on host plants (Fabaceae) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A and E—Temnomastax ricardoi Descamps, 1973 on Anadenanthera falcata from Ribas do Rio Pardo City; B, C, and D—Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 on Anadenanthera falcata from Terenos City.

FIGURE 22. Distribution map of Temnomastax beni Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (red quadrate), Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (black circle) and Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (blue triangle).

FIGURE 26. Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 in nature. A—Male from Fazenda Mimoso, Costa Rica City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in November 2004; in detail the apex of abdomen evidencing the cerci hook-shaped. B—Couple during copulation from Noara, Terenos City, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, in April 2014; in detail, apex of abdomen evidencing the coupling between male and female genitalia. (Photography by Fabrício Oda (A) and Renan Olivier (B)).

FIGURE 27. Oviposition of Temnomastax hamus Rehn & Rehn, 1942 in captivity. A—positioned for oviposition in laterofrontal view; B—ending the oviposition and starting removal of the abdomen from the substrate in latero-frontal view; Cpositioned for oviposition in dorsal view. Photography of A and B was performed through a glass wall. (Photos by Renan Olivier).